CN111052971A - Method for preventing and treating wild apricot late frost flowers and frozen fruits by using big sylvestris of pinus tabulaeformis - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating wild apricot late frost flowers and frozen fruits by using big sylvestris of pinus tabulaeformis Download PDFInfo
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- CN111052971A CN111052971A CN201911298195.1A CN201911298195A CN111052971A CN 111052971 A CN111052971 A CN 111052971A CN 201911298195 A CN201911298195 A CN 201911298195A CN 111052971 A CN111052971 A CN 111052971A
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- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 235000011610 Pinus tabuliformis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000018651 Pinus tabuliformis Species 0.000 title claims description 68
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 abstract 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000220304 Prunus dulcis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 ged Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005205 Pinus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218602 Pinus <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating late frost flowers and frozen fruits of wild apricots by utilizing a big umbrella forest of Chinese pine, which is characterized in that the Chinese pine is planted at the periphery of the wild apricots and on the empty ground in the forest in rainy season, the height of the Chinese pine is more than 50cm higher than that of the wild apricots, the plant-row spacing for planting the Chinese pine is (5-6) × (6-8) m, the number ratio of the plants of the wild apricots to the Chinese pine is (6-8): 1, and the plant density of the wild apricots is controlled to be 110 plants/mu before planting the Chinese pine. The method is used for large-area wild apricot forests which can suffer from late frost disasters, the pine is planted to form an umbrella-shaped protection forest, the wind speed can be effectively reduced, the function of a plurality of small windbreak is achieved, cold air can be effectively weakened in winter, burning days can be shielded in summer, late frost and early frost can be blocked in spring and autumn, the ground conditions can be improved, the preservation rate, the fruit setting rate and the yield of seedlings can be improved, the natural environment can be beautified, any pollution and potential safety hazard can not be generated, and the method conforms to the development mode of ecological civilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating mountain apricot late frost flower and fruit freezing disasters, in particular to a method for preventing and treating mountain apricot late frost flower and fruit freezing by using a big umbrella forest of pinus tabulaeformis.
Background
The wild apricot can beautify and green the environment and increase the income of farmers, and is a pioneer tree species and an economic tree species for afforestation in semiarid regions in the north of China. The apricot trees are usually damaged by night frost in the flowering period, the growth and the result of the apricot trees are seriously influenced, the production is reduced, even the harvest is stopped, and the method has a theory that the apricot trees cannot be harvested every ten years. The harm of apricot night frost is a worldwide problem, scientific researchers at home and abroad develop a large number of experimental researches to develop various anti-frost methods and technologies according to different ideas, but the methods respectively have self limiting factors and application ranges.
The existing wild apricot forest mainly adopts the technical measures of changing into a new variety of cold-resistant apricot, spraying antifreeze, irrigating roots with antifreeze, smoking, whitewashing, watering, spraying water, blowing and the like to prevent the harm of night frost and improve the yield and quality of the wild apricot. The modified cold-resistant almond and almond variety is mainly used in places with fertile soil, slow slope and good conditions of land erection and can not be applied to places with poor conditions of land erection and which can not meet the needs of variety cultivation. Technical measures such as antifreeze agent spraying, water spraying, antifreeze agent root irrigation, whitewashing and the like not only need water source conditions, but also consume a large amount of labor force and material energy, have overhigh input cost and are difficult to realize large-area application. The blowing needs a power supply condition, and the smoking easily causes certain pollution and fire.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preventing and treating late frost, flowers and frozen fruits of wild apricots by utilizing a big sylvestris forest of Chinese pine, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method can effectively reduce the wind speed, play a role of a plurality of small windbreaks to protect the wild apricots forest, prevent the wild apricots forest from being hit by frost and cold, improve the conditions of standing on the ground, improve the preservation rate, the fruit setting rate and the yield of seedlings, beautify the natural environment, avoid any pollution and potential safety hazard and accord with the development mode of ecological civilization.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preventing and treating late frost flowers and frozen fruits of wild apricot trees by using a big umbrella forest of pinus tabulaeformis is characterized in that the method is suitable for two situations of newly-built wild apricot trees and perennial wild apricot trees, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, for newly building a wild apricot forest, avoiding building a garden in a low-lying place when planting wild apricot plants, planting seedlings in 3-4 months in spring, cutting off stems and planting wild apricot plants, wherein the planting density of the wild apricot plants is 110 plants/mu, and selecting 1-year-old wild apricot seedlings for planting; for perennial wild apricot trees, firstly, disease and pest plants and aged plants in the wild apricot trees are removed, meanwhile, the wild apricot trees are trimmed, and the plant density of the wild apricot trees is adjusted to 110 plants/mu.
Step two, for newly building a wild apricot forest, excavating Chinese pine planting holes in the periphery of the wild apricot forest and in the vacant land between the wild apricot forest according to the plant row spacing of (5-6) × (6-8) m in a staggered manner while planting wild apricot plants, planting Chinese pine in the Chinese pine planting holes in rainy season in the same year, selecting 5-year-old nutritive Chinese pine cup seedlings from the planted Chinese pine, ensuring that the Chinese pine plants are higher than the wild apricot plants by more than 50cm, controlling the number ratio of the wild apricot plants to the Chinese pine planting holes to be 6-8: 1, and trimming and preventing and controlling diseases and pests according to the actual conditions after the Chinese pine is planted;
in autumn, planting holes for Chinese pine are dug in the periphery of the wild apricot forest and in the open space of the wild apricot forest according to the plant row spacing of (5-6) × (6-8) m in a staggered manner, Chinese pine is planted in the planting holes for the Chinese pine in the next rainy season, the Chinese pine plants are guaranteed to be higher than the wild apricot plants by more than 50cm, the number ratio of the Chinese apricot plants to the Chinese pine planting holes is controlled to be 6-8: 1, and trimming and disease and pest control are carried out according to actual conditions after the Chinese pine is planted.
Preferably, the culture soil filled in the culture holes of the Chinese pine is a mixture of soil and 20 kg of stable manure when the Chinese pine is planted, and a layer of topsoil is paved on the culture soil after the culture soil is filled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method has scientific and reasonable design, low cost, ecology and environmental protection, conforms to the development thought according to local conditions, can effectively improve the standing conditions of the mountain apricot forest, improves the preservation rate, the fruit setting rate and the yield of the nursery stock, can beautify the natural environment, does not generate any pollution and potential safety hazard, and can be popularized and used.
2. According to the method, the Chinese pine is planted in the mountain apricot forest and at the periphery of the mountain apricot forest according to the plant row spacing of 5-6 multiplied by 6-8m, the design of the plant row spacing can effectively prevent the Chinese pine from being concentrated and connected to cause large-area shading and cold air accumulation, a plurality of protective umbrellas consisting of the Chinese pine can be formed, the wind speed can be effectively reduced, the wind and cold resistant protection effect on the mountain apricot forest is achieved, and the striking of frost cold on the mountain apricot forest is effectively reduced and even avoided, so that the nursery stock preservation rate, the fruit setting rate and the yield are improved.
3. The method for planting the Chinese pine in the vacant land between forests and the vacant land around the forests not only can protect the mountain apricot forests in spring and autumn and prevent frost and cold, but also can prevent and weaken cold air in winter and shield burning sun in summer, and can decorate the mountain apricot forests to form beautiful scenery with green winter, flower spring, fruit summer and leaf autumn.
4. Compared with the existing method for preventing and treating the frosty cold of the mountain apricot forest, the cost of the method for preventing and treating the frosty cold of the mountain apricot forest is obviously reduced, the method is put into one year and benefits are gained for many years, and the problem that the technology for preventing the late frost of the mountain apricot forest on the drought sunny slope, such as root irrigation, water spraying, white painting and the like, does not have a water source is solved; and a large amount of labor and energy are not needed to be consumed, the maintenance cost is low, and the plants only need to be regularly subjected to conventional insect prevention and pruning treatment.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method for preventing and treating late frost flowers and frozen fruits of a newly-built wild apricot forest by utilizing the big sylvestris of pinus tabulaeformis comprises the following steps of:
step one, avoiding building a garden in a low-lying place when planting wild apricot plants, planting seedlings in 3-4 months in spring, cutting off and planting wild apricot plants, wherein the planting density of the wild apricot plants is 110 plants/mu, and selecting 1-year-old wild apricot seedlings for planting;
step two, excavating pinus tabulaeformis planting holes on the periphery of the mountain apricot trees and in vacant spaces among the mountain apricot trees according to plant row spacing of (5-6) × (6-8) m while planting the pinus tabulaeformis plants, planting pinus tabulaeformis in the pinus tabulaeformis planting holes in 7-8 months in rainy season of the same year, selecting 5-year-old nutritive pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, planting soil filled in the pinus tabulaeformis planting holes when the pinus tabulaeformis planted is a mixture of soil and 20 kg of animal manure, paving a layer of surface soil on the planting soil after the planting soil is filled, ensuring that the pinus tabulaeformis higher than the mountain apricot plants by more than 50cm, controlling the number ratio of the mountain apricot plants to the pinus tabulaeformis planting holes to be 6-8: 1, and pruning and pest control according to actual conditions after the pinus tabulaeform.
According to the embodiment, the Chinese pine is planted in the newly-built wild apricot forest and at the periphery of the newly-built wild apricot forest according to the plant row spacing of 5-6 multiplied by 6-8m, the design of the plant row spacing can effectively prevent the Chinese pine from concentrating and connecting pieces to cause large-area shading and cold air accumulation, a plurality of protective umbrellas consisting of the Chinese pine can be formed, the wind speed can be effectively reduced, the wind and cold resistant protective effect on the wild apricot forest is achieved, the striking of frost and cold on the wild apricot forest is effectively reduced and even avoided, and therefore the nursery stock preservation rate, the fruit setting rate and the yield are improved. The planted Chinese pine can protect the wild apricot forest in spring and autumn, prevent frost and cold, prevent and weaken cold air in winter, shield burning sun in summer, and decorate the wild apricot forest to form beautiful scenery with green in winter, flowers in spring, fruits in summer and leaves in autumn.
Comparative example 1
Similar places are selected to plant the wild apricots in the same area as the embodiment, low-lying areas are avoided when the wild apricots are planted, wild apricot plants are planted in 3-4 months in spring, cut stems are cut, the planting density of the wild apricot plants is 110 plants/mu, and 1-year-old wild apricot tree seedlings are selected for planting.
The growth conditions of the forest trees of the apricot forest in the large umbrella forest of the apricot pine planted in example 1 and the pure apricot forest planted in comparative example 1 were counted and studied after 5 years of growth, and the data in tables 1 and 2 were obtained.
TABLE 1 investigation of the conditions after 5 years of growth of wild apricots in example 1 and comparative example 1
Table 2 fruit set percentage and yield survey after 5 years of growth of wild apricots in example 1 and comparative example 1
The data in the tables 1 and 2 are analyzed, and the conditions that the growth, fruit setting rate, yield and the like of the wild apricots can be positively influenced by planting the Chinese pine in the periphery of the wild apricot forest and forest areas are confirmed, the method has a remarkable effect on preventing and treating the frost cold of the wild apricots, has huge popularization value and economic benefit, and also meets the requirements of ecological civilization. In this embodiment, the cultivation soil filled in the planting holes of the Chinese pine is a mixture of soil and 20 kg of manure when the Chinese pine is planted, and a layer of top soil is laid on the cultivation soil after the filling of the cultivation soil is completed.
Example 2
The operation method of the method for preventing and treating the frozen night frost flowers and fruits applied to the perennial wild mountain apricot forest by utilizing the big umbrella forest of the pinus tabulaeformis comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing disease and pest plants and aged plants in perennial wild apricot trees, pruning the wild apricot trees, and adjusting the plant density of the wild apricot trees to 110 plants/mu.
Step two, excavating Chinese pine planting holes in a staggered manner according to the plant row spacing of (5-6) × (6-8) m on the periphery of the wild apricot forest and in the vacant land between the wild apricot forest in autumn one year in advance, storing water and preserving soil moisture in the pre-dug planting holes, planting Chinese pine in the Chinese pine planting holes in the next 7-8 months of rainy season, ensuring that the Chinese pine plants are higher than the wild apricot plants by more than 50cm, paving a layer of top soil on the planting soil after the Chinese pine planting is filled, controlling the number ratio of the Chinese apricot plants to the Chinese pine planting holes to be (6-8): 1, and trimming and pest control according to actual conditions after the Chinese pine planting is filled.
According to the embodiment, the Chinese pine is planted in the forest and at the periphery of the perennial wild mountain apricot forest according to the plant row spacing of (5-6) × (6-8) m, the design of the plant row spacing can effectively prevent the Chinese pine from concentrating and connecting pieces to cause large-area shading and cold air accumulation, a plurality of protective umbrellas consisting of the Chinese pine can be formed, the wind speed can be effectively reduced, the wind and cold resistant protection effect on the mountain apricot forest is achieved, the striking of frost and cold on the mountain apricot forest is effectively reduced and even avoided, and therefore the nursery stock preservation rate, the fruit setting rate and the yield are improved. The planted Chinese pine can protect the wild apricot forest in spring and autumn, prevent frost and cold, prevent and weaken cold air in winter, shield burning sun in summer, and decorate the wild apricot forest to form beautiful scenery with green in winter, flowers in spring, fruits in summer and leaves in autumn.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and treating wild apricot late frost flowers and frozen fruits by using a big umbrella forest of pinus tabulaeformis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, avoiding newly building a mountain apricot forest in a low-lying place, planting seedlings in 3-4 months in spring, cutting off and planting the mountain apricot forest, controlling the plant density of the mountain apricot forest to be 110 plants/mu, and selecting the mountain apricot seedlings with the age of 1 year;
or removing pest and aging plants from the wild apricot forest which grows for many years, simultaneously performing updating and pruning, and adjusting the plant density of the wild apricot forest to 110 plants/mu;
step two, alternately excavating Chinese pine planting holes at the periphery of a newly-built wild Chinese apricot forest or in the periphery of the wild Chinese apricot forest and in the vacant land between the Chinese apricot forests according to the plant-row spacing of (5-6m) × (6-8m), planting Chinese pine in the Chinese pine planting holes in rainy season of 7-8 months, planting Chinese pine in the Chinese pine planting holes, selecting 5-year-old nutritional cup seedlings as Chinese pine seedlings in the newly-built Chinese apricot forest, and pruning and pest control are carried out on Chinese apricot plants and Chinese pine plants according to the reality;
the number ratio of the wild apricot plants to the Chinese pine plants is (6-8) to 1; the Chinese pine plant is 50cm higher than the wild apricot plant.
2. The method for preventing and treating late frost flowers and frozen fruits of wild apricot trees according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, a planting hole of Chinese pine is dug in the periphery of the wild apricot trees and in the open spaces among the wild apricot trees in the autumn one year ahead.
3. The method for preventing late frost flowers and frost fruits of wild apricots by using the big umbrella forest of Chinese pine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture soil filled in the planting holes of the Chinese pine during the planting of the Chinese pine in the second step is a mixture of soil and 20 kg of stable manure, and a layer of surface soil is paved on the culture soil after the culture soil is filled.
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| CN201911298195.1A CN111052971A (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Method for preventing and treating wild apricot late frost flowers and frozen fruits by using big sylvestris of pinus tabulaeformis |
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| CN201911298195.1A CN111052971A (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Method for preventing and treating wild apricot late frost flowers and frozen fruits by using big sylvestris of pinus tabulaeformis |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102388779A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-03-28 | 北京农学院 | Anti-freezing cultivation technique capable of delaying blossoming of fruit tree in north China |
| CN102440166A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-05-09 | 张媛媛 | Method for cultivating Hongfeng apricot trees |
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- 2019-12-17 CN CN201911298195.1A patent/CN111052971A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102440166A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-05-09 | 张媛媛 | Method for cultivating Hongfeng apricot trees |
| CN102388779A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-03-28 | 北京农学院 | Anti-freezing cultivation technique capable of delaying blossoming of fruit tree in north China |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
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| 中国农业科学院: "《中国果树栽培学》", 31 May 1897, 农业出版社 * |
| 崔永兹: "《山楂树栽培技术问答》", 30 April 1989 * |
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