CN1110480C - 制备丙酸衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

制备丙酸衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1110480C
CN1110480C CN99104090A CN99104090A CN1110480C CN 1110480 C CN1110480 C CN 1110480C CN 99104090 A CN99104090 A CN 99104090A CN 99104090 A CN99104090 A CN 99104090A CN 1110480 C CN1110480 C CN 1110480C
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G·赛福特
A·R·斯廷
B·厄温勒
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/63One oxygen atom
    • C07D213/64One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
    • C07D213/6432-Phenoxypyridines; Derivatives thereof

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Abstract

本发明公开了以下制备(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的方法:将式II的化合物在隋性溶剂中,无需分离中间产物,用M2CO3处理,其中M是钠或钾,转化为式III化合物,然后将此化合物与式IV化合物反应形成式V化合物,并将式V化合物与式VI的化合物反应,从而转化为式I的化合物,其中,Z代表苯磺酰基、甲苯磺酰基、甲磺酰基、硝基苯磺酰基、溴代苯基、Cl-、Br-或ClCO-。

Description

制备丙酸衍生物的方法
本发明涉及制备(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的方法。
(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]丙酸炔丙酯具有除草活性并且描述于(例如)EP-A-0248968中。4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸衍生物可以按照(例如)EP-A-0 439 857中的方法,在不含水的碱的存在下以及无溶剂的条件下用相应的4-羟基丙酸酯与5-氯-2,3-二氟吡啶反应生产。由于在该方法的条件下及碱性条件下,羟基丙酸酯的三键趋于形成聚合物,因此这个方法不适合于生产(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯。另外,在安全方性方面,该方法是尤其有问题的,因为该反应混和物是在无溶剂的存在下被加热的,并且由于其中的三键具有较高的热势,进行该反应需要冒一定的风险。
根据EP-A-0248968第12-14页,(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯是按以下方法制得的:a)第一步,将二甲亚砜中的式A化合物:与氢醌和氢氧化钾于二甲亚砜中的混和物反应得到式B化合物
Figure C9910409000042
b)第二步,将上文于二甲亚砜中的式B)化合物在碳酸钾的存在下,与S(-)-乳酸甲酯的甲苯磺酸酯反应,得到式C的化合物。c)第三步,在二噁烷中,上述式(C)化合物在氢氧化钠的存在下反应形成式D的化合物。d)第四步,在甲苯中,上述式D化合物与亚硫酰氯反应形成式(E)化合物:e)最后,无需分离,将式(E)化合物与三乙胺和炔丙醇于甲苯中的混和物反应,得到(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]丙酸炔丙酯。
这个方法的主要缺点在于:由于它是一个四步反应过程,因此必需经过复杂的分离和纯化步骤。这将导致产率的显著降低。另外,在这个方法的过程中,溶剂必须改换两次,这使得必须进行另外耗时而且昂贵的蒸馏步骤。因此,所述的已知方法并不是一个最优化的方法,尤其是对于规模生产来说。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种方法,它使得能以更简单的方式、更高的纯度和更高的收率生产(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯。
现在,已经发现式I的(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯。可以通过转化式II的化合物以特别有利的方式生产得到:
Figure C9910409000062
该转化是在惰性有机溶剂中,无需分离中间产物的条件下,与M2CO3反应,其中M是钠或钾,形成式III的化合物
Figure C9910409000063
其中M是钠或钾,将这个化合物与式IV的化合物反应形成式V的化合物。其中M是钠或钾,然后将这个化合物与式VI的化合物一起转化为式I的化合物,其中,Z代表离去基团,如苯磺酰基、甲苯磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、硝基苯磺酰基(nosyl)、溴代苯基、Cl-、Br-或ClCO-。
起始化合物可以按化学计量使用,基于式III的化合物,式IV的化合物优选过量0.05~0.3当量、最优选过量0.1当量,式VI的化合物优选过量0.05~0.15当量。
在本发明的范围内,M2CO3中的M优选是钾。
本发明范围内所述的合适的惰性有机溶剂特别是酮、酯和醚。二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或乙腈尤其适合用作溶剂,尤其优选的是二甲基甲酰胺和乙腈,最优选的是二甲基甲酰胺。在根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,式VI中的Z是氯,根据本发明的所述方法可以在较高的温度,尤其是40~120℃下进行,优选的温度范围是60~90℃,最优选是70~75℃。
式III和式IV的反应可以在相转移催化剂的存在下进行,以便加速反应。合适的相转移催化剂是例如季铵盐、季鏻盐或冠醚。
式II、IV和VI的起始化合物是已知的或通过已知方法可以生产。式IV的化合物描述(例如)在EP-A-0248968中;式II的化合物描述在EP-A-0083556中;式VI的化合物,其中Z是氯,可以(例如)根据J.Am.Chem.Soc.77,1831(1955)中的方法生产,其中,该反应合适的碱是吡啶,优选是5-乙基-2-甲基吡啶。
本发明的方法与已知方法的区别,尤其表现在以下方面:即它无需改变溶剂而以一锅法进行。这样一来,不仅使设备的成本显著降低,而且还避免了复杂的分离和蒸馏步骤,还大大节省了时间。另外,采用本发明的方法,可显著减少溶剂残余物,而这从环保的观点来看它是极为有利的。产品的较低的热负荷减少了副产物的形成以及该反应所采用的特定选择性路线使得能实现反应试剂的更精确剂量的加入,反过来这又导致能获得更高的产率和纯度显著增加的产品。
制备实施例 实施例P1:(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯
在70℃条件下,加入69g碳酸钾粉末(0.5mols),使于600g DMF中的182g(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸100%(1mol)转化为其相应的钾盐,反应时同时放出CO2。向该溶液中加入193g碳酸钾粉末(1.4mols),然后在70-75℃的温度下,在大约30分钟内加入165g 5-氯-2,3-二氟吡啶。(1.1mols)。4小时后,将这样得到的式V化合物无需分离,直接在70-75℃的温度下,全部与86g炔丙基氯(1.15mols)的60~70%甲苯溶液反应,用时大约2小时,从而形成(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯。滤去盐,并用300g DMF分几次洗涤,然后用旋转蒸发仪在真空和120℃的温度下浓缩至熔融物。在50℃的温度下,将(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的粗品熔融物与300g的乙醇/水(9∶1)混和,在30~35℃下加入晶种并冷却至0~5℃。将晶体浆状物加入到抽滤器中,并用70g的乙醇/水(9∶1)洗涤,然后在30℃下真空干燥。得到307g活性物质,纯度为97%(GC),相当于理论产量的85%(基于(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸计算)。实施例P2:(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的 制备
在70℃条件下,加入69g碳酸钾粉末(0.5mols),将于1500g乙腈中的182g(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸100%(1mol)转化为其相应的钾盐,反应同时放出CO2。然后,向反应混和物中加入193g碳酸钾粉末(1.4mols)和2g溴化四丁基铵相转移催化剂,然后在70-75℃的温度下,加入165g的5-氯-2,3-二氟吡啶(1.1mols),用时大约30分钟。8小时后,将这样获得的式V化合物,无需分离,直接在70~75℃下全部与1 54g的甲磺酸炔丙酯的60-70%甲苯溶液反应,历时约2小时,从而得到(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯。然后进行类似于实施例P1的后处理操作。得到304g的(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯,含量为98%(GC)。相应于理论产量的85%。(基于(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸计算)。实施例P3:(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的 制备
用226g(1.15mols)的苯磺酸炔丙酯代替实施例P1中的炔丙基氯,得到了305g的(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯,含量为96%(GC),相应于理论产量的84%(基于(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸计算)。实施例P4:(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的 制备
在70℃条件下,加入69g碳酸钾粉末(0.5mols),将于1500g乙腈中的182g(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸100%(1mol)转化为其相应的钾盐,反应同时放出CO2。然后,向该反应混和物中加入193g碳酸钾粉末(1.4mols)和2g相转移催化剂溴化四丁基铵,并在温度为70-75℃条件下,用时约30分钟加入165g的5-氯-2,3-二氟吡啶(1.1mols)。8小时后,无需分离,直接将这样得到的式V化合物,在70-75℃的温度下全部与氯甲酸炔丙酯反应,得到(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯,反应同时释出CO2。然后进行类似于实施例P1的后处理,得到含量为97%(GC)的(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯,相当于理论产率的80%(基于(R)-2-(对-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸计算)。

Claims (1)

1.制备式I的(R)(+)-2-[4-(5-氯-3-氟吡啶-2-基氧基)-苯氧基]-丙酸炔丙酯的方法,其特征在于将式II的化合物于40~120℃的反应温度下
Figure C9910409000022
在惰性溶剂中,无需分离中间产物,与M2CO3反应,其中M是钠或钾,转化为式III的化合物
Figure C9910409000023
其中M是钠或钾,将上述式III化合物与式IV的化合物反应:得到式V的化合物其中,M是钠或钾,并将这个化合物与式VI的化合物反应,从而转化为式I的化合物。其中,Z代表苯磺酰基、甲苯磺酰基、甲磺酰基、硝基苯磺酰基、溴代苯基、Cl-、Br-、ClCO-。
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CN101016237B (zh) * 2006-02-10 2013-10-23 上海生农生化制品有限公司 一种r(+)-2-(4-羟基苯氧基)-丙酸的合成方法
CN102584691A (zh) * 2012-01-12 2012-07-18 南京红太阳生物化学有限责任公司 一种合成炔草酯的新方法

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