CN111040240A - 一种无孔自呼吸pvc人造革及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无孔自呼吸pvc人造革及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111040240A CN111040240A CN201911202375.5A CN201911202375A CN111040240A CN 111040240 A CN111040240 A CN 111040240A CN 201911202375 A CN201911202375 A CN 201911202375A CN 111040240 A CN111040240 A CN 111040240A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- self
- breathing
- breathable
- pvc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 62
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- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000013828 hydroxypropyl starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000002026 carminative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
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- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，所述自呼吸面层与透气底层采用转移法和（或）直接涂布法贴合在一起；所述自呼吸面层含有水溶性多元醇和羧酸盐；所述透气底层为透气的PVC发泡层。这种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，利用温度差和湿度差，将水蒸气从革内排出革外，实现自呼吸达到排湿排气的效果，同时外层为无孔结构，有防水效果，同时有效解决了PVC革透气不良的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人造革生产的技术领域，尤其是涉及一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革及其制备方法。
背景技术
人造革是一种外观、手感似皮革并可代替其使用的塑料制品，主要包括PVC人造革、PU人造革和PU合成革三类。由于具有强度高、加工容易和成本低廉的特点，人造革作为真皮的替代品的得到了广泛应用。
但是人造革使用起来与真皮还是有很大的区别，比如卫生性，由于人造革不透气，或者换气功能差，导致人造革内部长期处于高温高湿的环境，细菌和真菌大量繁殖而出现发臭问题。
在一些PU类人造革中，由于PU人造革所用的底材（湿法贝斯）本身就能透气透水，容易制造能透水透气的PU人造革，比如公开号为CN106638015A的中国发明专利：一种阻燃、抗熔滴、高透湿的人造革及其制备方法，其通过掺入微粉形成小孔辅助透气，且不防水。又比如公开号为CN101381962A的中国发明专利：防水、透湿人造革及其制备方法，利用了湿法贝斯的小孔进行透气。
这些具有透气功能的人造革均为PU人造革，但PU人造革的缺点是不耐水解且不耐用。采用以上方法制造的PU人造革，在增加透气性的同时也增加了透水性，导致耐水解性更差，产品更加不耐用。
相对与PU人造革，PVC人造革具有耐用性好和价廉的特点，但产品最大缺点就是不透气，此外就是手感也要比PU人造革差。
为此，如何制造出能透气的PVC革，是本领域的技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，利用温度差和湿度差，将水蒸气从革内排出革外，实现自呼吸达到排湿排气的效果，同时外层为无孔结构，有防水效果，同时有效解决了PVC革透气不良的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，所述自呼吸面层与透气底层贴合在一起；所述自呼吸面层含有水溶性多元醇和羧酸盐；所述透气底层为透气的PVC发泡层。
在该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，底层为透气的PVC发泡层，其具有微孔，人造革内的水蒸气，比如汗液蒸气，透过微孔进入自呼吸面层；自呼吸面层为无孔隙薄膜，其含有水溶性多元醇，比如聚乙二醇，以及羧酸盐；当水蒸气透过底层与面层接触后，能被膜吸附，并由内侧转移至面层的外侧解吸附。通过吸附与解吸，可将水蒸气传递到人造革的外边。而且，由于水蒸气转移方向是从高湿度向低湿度转移，从高温向低温转移，故由该自呼吸人造革制成的衣服或鞋子，其内部可保持干爽。
为保持面层和底层的粘合附着力，面层配方中还添加有聚酯，聚已内酯，聚碳酸酯类多元醇。根据相似相容原则，这些酯类与PVC糊中酯类增塑剂具有更高的结合力。也可以根据环保的需要，将面层材料的溶剂升级为无苯型乃至水性型。
作为本发明技术方案的进一步描述，所述自呼吸面层与透气底层采用转移法和（或）表处法结合在一起。
自呼吸面层与透气底层通过转移法和（或）直接涂布法贴合在一起。其中，转移法是将自呼吸面层材料涂布在离型纸表面，烘干，再涂布透气的PVC发泡层，贴布，经高温塑化后从离型纸上剥离，得到底布基的自呼吸PVC革。
表处法是直接涂布法的一种，表处法在人造革生产领域也被称为轮涂法。表处法是将透气PVC糊的各组分混合压延，与基布贴合后，得到PVC透气底层，再将自呼吸面层材料用表处机处理在底层的表面，烘干得到压延的自呼吸PVC革。
透气的PVC发泡层的制作，是在传统的PVC糊配方中加入PE或PTFE微粉，由于PE或PTFE微粉与PVC之间的热膨胀系数相差大（达一倍或以上），在塑化成型时，由于加入的PE或PTFE微粉与PVC不相容而分离析出，又由于两者收缩率不一致，以外加的微粉为中心收缩变形出现微孔，得到可透气的PVC底层。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，其中所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 170-180份，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 90-120 份，聚乙二醇1000 80-100 份，二羟基丁酸 7-10份，1,4-丁二醇 23-28份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，抗氧剂Irganox 1010 0.8-1.2份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 90-120份，异丙醇 40-60份，异佛尔酮二胺10-13份，三乙醇胺 5-8份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸钡1份，T-12 1-2份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 17-23份。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中， 所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 170-180份，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 90-120 份，聚乙二醇1000 70-90 份，二羟基丁酸 7-10份，1,4-丁二醇 23-28份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，抗氧剂Irganox 1010 0.8-1.2份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 30-60份，异佛尔酮二胺 7-10份，三乙醇胺5-8份，水 120-150份，乙二胺 5-9份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸钡1份，T-12 1-2份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 17-23份。
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸钡1份，T-12 1-2份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 17-23份。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 130-180份，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯 35-50份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 100-110份，乙二醇 10-20份，二羟基丁酸 10-20份，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000 90-110份，聚乙二醇1000 50-70 份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，异丙醇 20-40份，异佛尔酮二胺7-10份，乙醇胺 8-20份，丁酮 80-120份，三乙醇胺 8-12份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸锌 1份，硬脂酸钡 1.5份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，羟丙基淀粉 22-28份。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 130-180份，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯 35-50份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 100-110份，乙二醇 10-20份，二羟基丁酸 10-20份，聚己内酯二元醇1000 70-90份，聚乙二醇1000 70-90 份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，异丙醇 20-40份，异佛尔酮二胺 8-10份，乙醇胺 8-20份，丁酮 80-120份，三乙醇胺 8-12份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 40-60份，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 30-50份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，T-12 2-4份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 10-20份。
上述提供的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的组分中，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯简称为IPDI，其为面层的主要成型原料；聚碳酸酯二醇1000简称为PCD1000，以及聚己二酸丁二醇酯简称为PBA，二者均可可增加耐水耐温性和附着力；聚乙二醇1000（PEG1000）和二羟基丁酸（DMPA）具有吸附透水蒸气的功能；EGO（乙二醇），以及1,4-丁二醇（1,4-BDO）对面层产品的软硬度进行调节；聚己内酯二元醇的简称为PCL，其为多元醇，可增加面层的附着力和耐水性。
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯简称为PMA，和异丙醇同为环保溶剂，而异佛尔酮二胺（IPDA）为扩链剂，乙二胺（EA）则为后扩链剂。
本申请还分别提供了上述无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法。
作为一种优选的技术方案，该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，聚碳酸酯二醇1000，聚乙二醇1000，二羟基丁酸，1,4-丁二醇，铋催化剂K24 ，抗氧剂Irganox 1010投入反应容器中，升温至90-95℃反应，待NCO值将至1.2-1.3mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；另取丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、异丙醇和异佛尔酮二胺，在搅拌条件下缓慢加入预聚物，待粘度上升至预定值时停止加入预聚物，最后加入三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，轻质碳酸钙，硬脂酸钡，T-12，AC发泡剂和PE微粉，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；PVC树脂为悬浮法PVC树脂；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该制备方法制备得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层为无苯醇溶性无孔透气面层树脂，经过与透气底层压延处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革，产品透湿量为350－500g/(m2·24h)。
作为一种优选的技术方案，该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，聚碳酸酯二醇1000，聚乙二醇1000，二羟基丁酸，1,4-丁二醇，铋催化剂K24 ，抗氧剂Irganox 1010投入反应容器中，升温至80-90℃反应，待NCO值将至1.2-1.3mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入成盐剂三乙醇胺，并加入水乳化后加入乙二胺扩链，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，轻质碳酸钙，硬脂酸钡，T-12，AC发泡剂和PE微粉，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该制备方法制备得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层为水性自呼吸无孔面层树脂，呼吸效果比油性产品强，经过与透气底层压延处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革，产品透湿量为500－700g/(m2·24h)，表明采用水性树脂处理透气效果更优。
作为一种优选的技术方案，该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取三分之二的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，乙二醇，二羟基丁酸，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000，聚乙二醇1000和铋催化剂K24，投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至0.9-1.1mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物和剩余的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，以及异丙醇，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入乙醇胺终止反应，并加入丁酮稀释，最后加入成盐剂三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，轻质碳酸钙，硬脂酸锌，硬脂酸钡，AC发泡剂和羟丙基淀粉，经110-160℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该制备方法制备得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层使用已二酸系聚酯多元醇，成本相对较低，力学性能好，经过与透气底层压延处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革，产品透湿量为300－400g/(m2·24h)。本品的PVC底层透气材料采用改性淀粉，面层材料用已二酸系聚酯多元醇，自呼吸性能略差，但力学性能好，产品成本较低。
作为一种优选的技术方案，该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取三分之二的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，乙二醇，二羟基丁酸，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000，聚乙二醇1000和铋催化剂K24，投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至0.9-1.1mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物和剩余的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，以及异丙醇，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入乙醇胺终止反应，并加入丁酮稀释，最后加入成盐剂三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，轻质碳酸钙，T-12，AC发泡剂和PE微粉，采用冲糊工艺获得PVC树脂糊；
（3）将自呼吸面层加色涂布在离型纸上，烘干，再涂上PVC树脂糊，经210℃，1min发泡剥离，得到转移工艺制作得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该制备方法制备得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层耐高温，可用于转移工艺，经过与透气底层转移法工艺处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革。本品的无孔自呼吸人造革采用转移法处理工艺制得。
在上述的的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革制备方法中，自呼吸面层具有具有亲水成份的高分子材料，可吸附和解吸水分，实现自呼吸；其溶剂系统可调，无苯、醇溶和水性均可，满足环保需求；在面层材料中，加入己二酸系聚酯多元醇，己内酯系多元醇，聚碳酸酯系多元醇以增加底层与面层的附着力。
而在透气底层中，PVC糊（PVC发泡层）加入了可形成微孔的组分，如PE或PTFE，成型的发泡底层具有透气性，而且加入的微粒与PVC树脂不相容且热膨胀系数差异较大的，成型后通过分离作用和收缩作用产生透气微孔；PVC发泡层中加入的微粒可为水溶性高分子，利用其亲水性使PVC底层带吸水性能。
基于上述的技术方案，本发明取得的技术效果为：
（1）本发明提供的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括具有微孔结构的透气底层和无孔的自呼吸面层，皮革内的水蒸气透过底层的微孔与面层接触后，能被面层的无空隙薄膜吸附，并由内侧转移至面层的外侧解吸附。通过吸附与解吸，可将水蒸气传递到人造革的外边。由于水蒸气转移方向是从高湿度向低湿度转移，从高温向低温转移，故由该自呼吸人造革制成的人造革制品，其内部可保持干爽。
（2）本发明的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，产品在防水透气的同时，保持PVC人造革优异的耐用性特点，而且价格低廉，可用于人造革野外服装革，鞋革，帐篷革等产品，解决传统PVC人造革产品闷气的不适感，同时也能提升PVC革的表面触感；使用本发明的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革产品能让人体感更舒适，其拓展PVC人造革的应用范围，有助人造革产品的升级换代。
（3）本发明的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，面层的溶剂系统可调，无苯、醇溶和水性均可，满足环保需求；且在面层材料中，加入己二酸系聚酯多元醇，己内酯系多元醇，聚碳酸酯系多元醇以增加底层与面层的附着力；其整体工艺简单，沿用现有的设备便可完成产品的升级。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述，实施例给出了本发明的较佳实施方式。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地，提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，该自呼吸PVC人造革除了具有普通人造革的价格低廉和使用寿命长的特点以外，还增加了防水透气功能。防水透气的功能来源于该自呼吸PVC人造革的结构和材料，其中该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层。
自呼吸面层含有亲水性的高分子功能材料，比如水溶性多元醇和羧酸盐；透气底层为透气的PVC发泡层，自呼吸面层与透气底层采用转移法和（或）表处法结合在一起，结合的方式一般采用粘合（贴合）的方式。
在该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，底层为透气的PVC发泡层，其具有微孔。微孔的制备工艺是在传统的PVC糊配方中加入PE或PTFE微粉，由于PE或PTFE微粉与PVC之间的热膨胀系数相差大（达一倍或以上），在塑化成型时，由于加入的PE或PTFE微粉与PVC不相容而分离析出，又由于两者收缩率不一致，以外加的微粉为中心收缩变形出现微孔，得到可透气的PVC底层。而自呼吸面层是含有水溶性多元醇的无孔隙薄膜。
PVC人造革内的水蒸气，比如汗液蒸气，透过透气底层的微孔进入自呼吸面层，能被面层的薄膜吸附，并由内侧转移至面层的外侧解吸附。通过吸附与解吸，可将水蒸气传递到PVC人造革的外边。而且，由于水蒸气转移方向是从高湿度向低湿度转移，从高温向低温转移，故由该自呼吸人造革制成的衣服或鞋子，其内部可保持干爽。
为保持面层和底层的粘合附着力，面层配方中还添加有聚酯，聚已内酯，聚碳酸酯类多元醇。根据相似相容原则，这些酯类与PVC糊中酯类增塑剂具有更高的结合力。也可以根据环保的需要，将面层材料的溶剂升级为无苯型乃至水性型。自呼吸面层是无孔的结构，在透气的同时兼顾了防水的功能。
在面层与底层的结合方式上，自呼吸面层与透气底层通过转移法和（或）直接涂布法粘合（贴合）在一起。其中，转移法是将自呼吸面层材料涂布在离型纸表面，烘干，再涂布透气的PVC发泡层，贴布，经高温塑化后从离型纸上剥离，得到底布基的自呼吸PVC革。表处法是直接涂布法的一种，表处法在人造革生产领域也被称为轮涂法。表处法是将透气PVC糊的各组分混合压延，与基布贴合后，得到PVC透气底层，再将自呼吸面层材料用表处机处理在底层的表面，烘干得到压延的自呼吸PVC革。
实施例2
一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，其中自呼吸面层包括以下组分：异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 174g，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 100 g，聚乙二醇1000 80 g，二羟基丁酸 8g，1,4-丁二醇 26.7g，铋催化剂K24 1g，抗氧剂Irganox 10101g，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 100g，异丙醇 50g，异佛尔酮二胺 11.9g，三乙醇胺 6g；
透气底层包括以下组分：PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 80g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，硬脂酸钡1g，T-12 1g，AC发泡剂 2.7g，PE微粉 20g。
该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 174g，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 100 g，聚乙二醇1000 80 g，二羟基丁酸 8g，1,4-丁二醇 26.7g，铋催化剂K24 1g，抗氧剂Irganox1010 1g投入反应容器中，升温至90-95℃反应，待NCO值将至1.2-1.3mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；
另取丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 100g、异丙醇50g和异佛尔酮二胺11.9g，在搅拌条件下缓慢加入预聚物，待粘度上升至预定值时停止加入预聚物，最后加入三乙醇胺 6g，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：悬浮法，PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 80g，轻质碳酸钙15g，硬脂酸钡1g，T-12 1g，AC发泡剂 2.7g和PE（聚乙烯）微粉 20g，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层为无苯醇溶性无孔透气面层树脂，经过与透气底层压延处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革，产品透湿量为350－500g/(m2•24h)。
实施例3
一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，其中自呼吸面层包括以下组分：异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 174g，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 100 g，聚乙二醇1000 80 g，二羟基丁酸 8g，1,4-丁二醇 26.7g，铋催化剂K24 1g，抗氧剂Irganox 10101g，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 50g，异佛尔酮二胺 8g，三乙醇胺 6g，水 130g，乙二胺 6g；
透气底层包括以下组分：PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 80g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，硬脂酸钡1g，T-12 1g，AC发泡剂 2.7g，PE微粉 20g。
该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 174g，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 100 g，聚乙二醇1000 80 g，二羟基丁酸 8g，1,4-丁二醇 26.7g，铋催化剂K24 1g，抗氧剂Irganox1010 1投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至1.2-1.3mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；
取预聚物100g、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 50g，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺8g，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入成盐剂三乙醇胺 6g，并加入水 130g乳化后加入乙二胺6g扩链，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：悬浮法，取PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 80g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，硬脂酸钡1g，T-12 1g，AC发泡剂 2.7g和PE微粉 20g，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层为水性自呼吸无孔面层树脂，呼吸效果比油性产品强，经过与透气底层压延处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革，产品透湿量为500－700g/(m2·24h)，表明采用水性树脂处理透气效果更优。
实施例4
一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，其中自呼吸面层包括以下组分：丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 150g，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯41.6g，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 106.6g，乙二醇 16g，二羟基丁酸 16g，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000 100g，聚乙二醇1000 60 g，铋催化剂K24 1g，异丙醇 30g，异佛尔酮二胺 9.5g，乙醇胺 8g，丁酮 100g，三乙醇胺 10g；
透气底层包括以下组分：PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 80g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，硬脂酸锌 1g，硬脂酸钡 1.5g，AC发泡剂 2.7g，羟丙基淀粉25g。
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：取丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 100g，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯 41.6g，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 106.6g，乙二醇 16g，二羟基丁酸 16g，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000 100g，聚乙二醇1000 60 g，铋催化剂K24 1g，投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至0.9-1.1mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物 100g和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 50g，以及异丙醇 30g，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺 9.5g，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入乙醇胺 8g终止反应，并加入丁酮 100g稀释，最后加入成盐剂三乙醇胺10g，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 80g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，硬脂酸锌 1g，硬脂酸钡 1.5g，AC发泡剂 2.7g和羟丙基淀粉25g，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层使用已二酸系聚酯多元醇，成本相对较低，力学性能好，经过与透气底层压延处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革，产品透湿量为300－400g/(m2·24h)。本品的PVC底层透气材料采用改性淀粉，面层材料用已二酸系聚酯多元醇，自呼吸性能略差，但力学性能好，产品成本较低。
实施例5
一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，其中自呼吸面层包括以下组分：丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 150g，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯41.6g，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 106.6g，乙二醇 16g，二羟基丁酸 16g，聚己内酯二元醇100080g，聚乙二醇1000 80 g，铋催化剂K24 1g，异丙醇 30g，异佛尔酮二胺 9.5g，乙醇胺 8g，丁酮 100g，三乙醇胺 10g；
透气底层包括以下组分：PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 50g，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBP 35g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，T-12 2.5g，AC发泡剂 3g，PE微粉 15g。
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：取丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 150g，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯 41.6g，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 106.6g，乙二醇 16g，二羟基丁酸 16g，聚己内酯二元醇1000 80g，聚乙二醇1000 80 g，铋催化剂K24 1g，投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至0.9-1.1mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物 100g和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯50g，以及异丙醇 30g，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺 9.5g，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入乙醇胺 8g终止反应，并加入丁酮 100g稀释，最后加入成盐剂三乙醇胺 10g，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：乳液法，PVC树脂 100g，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯DOP 50g，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBP 35g，轻质碳酸钙 15g，T-12 2.5g，AC发泡剂 3g和PE微粉 15g，采用冲糊工艺获得PVC树脂糊；
（3）将自呼吸面层加色涂布在离型纸上，烘干，再涂上PVC树脂糊，经210℃，1min发泡剥离，得到转移工艺制作得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
在该制备方法制备得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革中，自呼吸面层耐高温，可用于转移工艺，经过与透气底层转移法工艺处理，得到的无孔自呼吸人造革。本品的无孔自呼吸人造革采用转移法处理工艺制得。
以上内容仅仅为本发明所作的举例和说明，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些显而易见的替换形式均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其特征在于，包括无孔的自呼吸面层和具有微孔结构的透气底层，所述自呼吸面层与透气底层贴合在一起；所述自呼吸面层含有水溶性多元醇和羧酸盐；所述透气底层为透气的PVC发泡层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其特征在于，所述自呼吸面层与透气底层采用转移法和（或）直接涂布法结合在一起。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其特征在于，
所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 170-180份，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 90-120 份，聚乙二醇1000 80-100 份，二羟基丁酸 7-10份，1,4-丁二醇 23-28份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，抗氧剂Irganox 1010 0.8-1.2份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 90-120份，异丙醇 40-60份，异佛尔酮二胺10-13份，三乙醇胺 5-8份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸钡1份，T-12 1-2份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 17-23份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其特征在于，
所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 170-180份，聚碳酸酯二醇1000 90-120 份，聚乙二醇1000 70-90 份，二羟基丁酸 7-10份，1,4-丁二醇 23-28份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，抗氧剂Irganox 1010 0.8-1.2份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 30-60份，异佛尔酮二胺 7-10份，三乙醇胺5-8份，水 120-150份，乙二胺 5-9份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸钡1份，T-12 1-2份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 17-23份。
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸钡1份，T-12 1-2份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 17-23份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其特征在于，
所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 130-180份，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯 35-50份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 100-110份，乙二醇 10-20份，二羟基丁酸 10-20份，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000 90-110份，聚乙二醇1000 50-70 份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，异丙醇 20-40份，异佛尔酮二胺7-10份，乙醇胺 8-20份，丁酮 80-120份，三乙醇胺 8-12份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 70-90份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，硬脂酸锌 1份，硬脂酸钡 1.5份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，羟丙基淀粉 22-28份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革，其特征在于，
所述自呼吸面层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 130-180份，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯 35-50份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 100-110份，乙二醇 10-20份，二羟基丁酸 10-20份，聚己内酯二元醇1000 70-90份，聚乙二醇1000 70-90 份，铋催化剂K24 0.8-1.2份，异丙醇 20-40份，异佛尔酮二胺 8-10份，乙醇胺 8-20份，丁酮 80-120份，三乙醇胺 8-12份；
所述透气底层，按重量份数，包括以下组分：
PVC树脂 90-110份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 40-60份，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 30-50份，轻质碳酸钙 15份，T-12 2-4份，AC发泡剂 2-3份，PE微粉 10-20份。
7.根据权利要求3所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，聚碳酸酯二醇1000，聚乙二醇1000，二羟基丁酸，1,4-丁二醇，铋催化剂K24 ，抗氧剂Irganox 1010投入反应容器中，升温至90-95℃反应，待NCO值将至1.2-1.3mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；另取丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、异丙醇和异佛尔酮二胺，在搅拌条件下缓慢加入预聚物，待粘度上升至预定值时停止加入预聚物，最后加入三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，轻质碳酸钙，硬脂酸钡，T-12，AC发泡剂和PE微粉，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
8.根据权利要求4所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，聚碳酸酯二醇1000，聚乙二醇1000，二羟基丁酸，1,4-丁二醇，铋催化剂K24 ，抗氧剂Irganox 1010投入反应容器中，升温至80-90℃反应，待NCO值将至1.2-1.3mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入成盐剂三乙醇胺，并加入水乳化后加入乙二胺扩链，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，轻质碳酸钙，硬脂酸钡，T-12，AC发泡剂和PE微粉，经106-165℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
9.根据权利要求5所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取三分之二的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，乙二醇，二羟基丁酸，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000，聚乙二醇1000和铋催化剂K24，投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至0.9-1.1mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物和剩余的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，以及异丙醇，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入乙醇胺终止反应，并加入丁酮稀释，最后加入成盐剂三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，轻质碳酸钙，硬脂酸锌，硬脂酸钡，AC发泡剂和羟丙基淀粉，经110-160℃压延3-5min后，使其与基布贴合，再经200℃压延1.5min后，发泡得到透气底层；
（3）用表处机将自呼吸面层处理在透气底层的表面，烘干压延得到无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
10.根据权利要求6所述的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）自呼吸面层的制备：按重量份数，取三分之二的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，乙二醇，二羟基丁酸，聚己二酸丁二醇酯1000，聚乙二醇1000和铋催化剂K24，投入反应容器中，升温至85-90℃反应，待NCO值将至0.9-1.1mmol/g时降温，得到预聚物，备用；取预聚物和剩余的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯，以及异丙醇，在高速分散调节下，逐渐加入异佛尔酮二胺，待粘度上升至预定值时，加入乙醇胺终止反应，并加入丁酮稀释，最后加入成盐剂三乙醇胺，搅拌均匀得到自呼吸面层；
（2）透气底层的制备：按重量份数，取PVC树脂，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，轻质碳酸钙，T-12，AC发泡剂和PE微粉，采用冲糊工艺获得PVC树脂糊；
（3）将自呼吸面层加色涂布在离型纸上，烘干，再涂上PVC树脂糊，经210℃，1min发泡剥离，得到转移工艺制作得到的无孔自呼吸PVC人造革。
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Denomination of invention: A non porous self breathing PVC artificial leather and its preparation method Effective date of registration: 20231206 Granted publication date: 20220610 Pledgee: Guangfa Bank Co.,Ltd. Qingyuan Branch Pledgor: QINGYUAN MEIJIALE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION NEW MATERIAL CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023980069563 |