CN111032404A - 用于运行机动车的传动设备的方法和相应的传动设备 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的传动设备的方法和相应的传动设备 Download PDF

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CN111032404A
CN111032404A CN201880054749.0A CN201880054749A CN111032404A CN 111032404 A CN111032404 A CN 111032404A CN 201880054749 A CN201880054749 A CN 201880054749A CN 111032404 A CN111032404 A CN 111032404A
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electric machine
switching position
rotational speed
switching
input shaft
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C·特劳特曼
C·迈克斯纳
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H48/11—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears having intermeshing planet gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车(2)的传动设备(1)的方法，该传动设备具有能与机动车(2)的动力设备作用连接的输入轴(6)、第一输出轴(7)、第二输出轴(8)、设计为行星齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮差速器(15)，输入轴(6)和中间轴(24)通过该圆柱齿轮差速器与第一输出轴(7)和第二输出轴(8)耦联。在切换装置(26)的第一切换位置中使电机(25)与输入轴(6)耦联，在切换装置(26)的第二切换位置中使电机与中间轴(24)耦联。在存在第一切换位置的情况下电机(25)被运行以对输入轴(6)施加转矩，在存在第二切换位置的情况下电机被运行以在第一输出轴(7)与第二输出轴(8)之间提供转矩差和/或转速差，在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时电机(25)以非零转速运行。本发明还涉及一种用于机动车(2)的传动设备(1)。

Description

用于运行机动车的传动设备的方法和相应的传动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的传动设备的方法，该传动设备具有能与机动车的动力设备作用连接的输入轴、第一输出轴、第二输出轴、设计为行星齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮差速器，输入轴和中间轴通过该圆柱齿轮差速器与第一输出轴和第二输出轴耦联。本发明还涉及一种用于机动车的传动设备。
背景技术
传动设备例如用于在机动车的动力设备与车辆的车桥之间传递转矩。通过传动设备，车桥与动力设备作用连接或至少能作用连接。车桥相应地是驱动桥。它可以设计为机动车的前车桥或后车桥。传动设备具有输入轴、第一输出轴和第二输出轴。
传动设备的输入轴优选通过切换传动机构和/或接合装置、特别是起动接合装置连接到机动车的动力设备。借助于切换传动机构可在动力设备与传动设备的输入轴之间设定从多个传动比中选出的传动比。接合装置优选地设计为换挡接合装置并且特别优选地设计为起动接合装置。借助于接合装置可以就此而言可选地建立或中断在动力设备与传动设备的输入轴之间的作用连接。
动力设备具有至少一个动力装置，该动力装置例如设计为内燃机或电机。当然，动力设备也可以作为混合动力式动力设备存在并且就此而言具有多个优选不同类型的动力装置。在这种情况下，动力装置之一例如是内燃机，或者动力装置中的另一个是电机。如果动力设备具有多个动力装置，那么动力设备优选这样设计，即动力装置至少暂时地共同提供用于驱动机动车的驱动转矩。
传动设备的输入轴通过行星齿轮传动机构不仅与第一输出轴、而且与第二输出轴耦联，特别是持久地耦联。行星齿轮传动机构是圆柱齿轮差速器，即就此而言是具有多个相互啮合的圆柱齿轮的差速器。圆柱齿轮差速器经常被用作差速器或差动装置。
由现有技术例如已知文献WO 2016/066732 A1。该文献涉及一种用于机动车的传动设备，该传动设备具有能与动力装置作用连接的输入轴以及第一输出轴和第二输出轴，其中，第一输出轴通过第一变速器与车桥的第一半轴作用连接或能作用连接，第二输出轴通过第二变速器与车桥的第二半轴作用连接或能作用连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提出一种用于运行传动设备的方法，该方法相对于已知的方法具有如下优点：尤其是在行驶稳定性高的同时提供高驱动功率。
根据本发明，所述目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法来实现。在此规定，在切换装置的第一切换位置中使电机与输入轴耦联，在切换装置的第二切换位置中使电机与中间轴耦联，在存在第一切换位置的情况下电机被运行以对输入轴施加转矩，在存在第二切换位置的情况下电机被运行以在第一输出轴与第二输出轴之间提供转矩差和/或转速差，在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时电机以非零转速运行。
根据切换装置的切换位置，电机不仅可以用于在输入轴上提供附加的转矩、而且可以用于实现“转矩矢量分配”功能。前者是当电机与输入轴耦联时的情况，后者是当电机与中间轴耦联时的情况。在输入轴上提供附加转矩的情况下，该附加转矩与由动力设备提供的驱动转矩叠加。由电机提供的转矩在此可以是正的或负的，从而最终使电机要么作为电动机运行要么作为发电机运行。
借助于切换装置，电机可以选择性地与输入轴或中间轴耦联。特别优选地，切换装置可选择地用于将电机与输入轴和中间轴皆脱开，在电机与中间轴脱开的情况下将电机与输入轴连接，或在电机与输入轴脱开的情况下将电机与中间轴连接。切换装置的这种设计方案能够特别灵活地使用电机。切换装置例如构造成形锁合的。然而也可以实现力锁合地工作的切换装置。
切换装置使得能够调节到至少两个切换位置、即第一切换位置和第二切换位置。在第一切换位置中，电机与输入轴以不能相对转动的方式耦联，而在第二切换位置中与中间轴耦联。此外特别优选地设置第三切换位置，在该第三切换位置中电机不仅与输入轴脱开、而且与中间轴脱开。这种设计方案能够实现电机的上述灵活的使用。第三切换位置也可以被称为中间位置。
如果存在切换装置的第一切换位置，则电机被运行以对输入轴施加转矩。而如果存在第二切换位置，则应借助于电机调节在第一输出轴与第二输出轴之间的转矩差和/或转速差，尤其是将其调节到目标转矩差。在此优选规定，即使在第二切换位置中也可以借助于电机提供用于驱动机动车的转矩。因此，电机即使在存在第二切换位置的情况下也可以不仅用于提供转矩差和/或转速差，而且附加地驱动机动车。为此，电机在存在第二切换位置的情况下(即使)在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时也以非零转速运行。
本发明的另一设计方案规定，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置之前，电机以与输入轴的转速成比例的转速沿确定的转动方向运行。在第一切换位置中，电机用于给输入轴施加转矩。在此，电机与输入轴转速适配地运行，即相应地以与输入轴的转速成比例的转速运行。此外，存在电机的确定的转动方向，该转动方向同样与输入轴的转动方向相关。换句话说，在输入轴的确定的第一转动方向的情况下存在电机的确定的第一转动方向，在输入轴的与第一转动方向相反的第二转动方向的情况下存在电机的第二转动方向，该第二转动方向与电机的第一转动方向不同。
本发明的另一实施方式规定，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置或从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置时，将电机调节到无负载状态。其可以理解成，电机不提供转矩，而是空转地一起转动。特别地，电机因此被调节为使得其仍具有与输入轴的转速成比例的转速。通过将电机切换成无负载的，可以轻易地对切换装置进行切换。
本发明的一个改进方案规定，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置或从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置时，在切换装置上调节到中间位置，在该中间位置中，电机与输入轴和中间轴脱开，并且进行转速同步。在中间位置中，电机不仅与输入轴、而且与中间轴完全脱开。相应地，原则上可以自由选择电机的转速，即尤其是与输入轴的转速和中间轴的转速无关地选择电机的转速。因此，在切换装置的中间位置中，电机的转速同步可以容易地进行，在该转速同步期间将电机的转速调节为使得可以在没有转速差的情况下、因此平滑地变换到第一切换位置或第二切换位置中。
本发明的另一实施方式规定，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置或从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置时，电机的转速的绝对值始终保持大于最小转速。如上所述，在第一切换位置中，电机始终以与输入轴的转速成比例的转速运行。而在第二切换位置中，电机转速与中间轴的转速成比例。在两个切换位置之间进行转换期间，电机转速不应发生变化或应至多发生很小的变化。尤其是，抑制电机转速的明显变化，尤其是以转动方向反转的形式，在该转动方向反转时，电机的转速经过零。
相应地规定，电机的转速或者更确切地说其绝对值总是大于具有正值的最小转速。例如，该最小转速与在转换之前存在的电机转速相比为其至少50％、至少60％、至少70％、至少75％、至少80％或至少90％。换言之，必要时需要微少的电机转速适配，否则该转速适配会耗费时间地实施。尤其不利的是，电机转速在转换期间首先降低到零并且随后再次提高，而与在此是否出现转速的过零无关。
本发明的另一优选设计方案规定，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置之后，电机以与中间轴的转速成比例的转速沿确定的转动方向运行。就此而言，对于电机在第二切换位置中的运行而言，对第一切换位置所述的类似的内容同样适用，然而针对中间轴的转速而不是输入轴的转速。为此参照上述实施方式。这些实施方式可以类似地使用。
本发明的另一实施方式规定，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置之前，将电机的作用于输入轴的转矩降低一转矩差，并且调节动力设备以补偿该转矩差。在第一切换位置中，由电机提供的转矩与动力设备施加于输入轴的驱动转矩叠加，从而电机用于驱动机动车。而在第二切换位置中则不再是这样，因而由电机在输入轴上附加提供的转矩至少部分地取消并且降低了所述转矩差。该转矩差应借助于动力设备来补偿，为此相应地调节该动力设备。
附加地或替代地可以规定，在从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置之后，将电机的作用于输入轴的转矩提高一转矩差并且调节动力设备以补偿该转矩差。就此而言，对于从第二切换位置到第一切换位置的转换，对从第一切换位置到第二切换位置的转换的所述内容起相反作用，因此参考相应的实施方案。在从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置的情况下，电机现在又可以提供用于驱动机动车的转矩份额。电机的作用到输入轴上的转矩在此提高了所述转矩差。动力设备现在被调节成使得该转矩差得到补偿。
最后，在本发明的另一实施方式的范围内可以规定，作为电机使用低压电机。低压电机尤其是可以理解为连接到机动车的低压车载电网上的电机。例如，低压电机以最高100V、优选最高50V、特别是最高48V的运行电压运行，然而以至少24V、至少32V或至少40V的运行电压运行。为了能够在第一切换位置中提供对驱动机动车来说值得一提的份额，低压电机的额定功率优选是动力设备额定功率的至少20％、至少30％、至少40％或至少50％。例如，低压电机具有至少5kW的额定功率。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行机动车的方法，所述机动车具有传动设备、即优选具有前述类型的传动设备。机动车、传动设备以及用于运行机动车的方法可以根据前述实施方案改进，从而就此而言参考所述实施方案。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于机动车的传动设备，该传动设备特别用于实施根据前述实施方案的方法，该传动设备具有能与机动车的动力设备作用连接的输入轴、第一输出轴、第二输出轴、设计为行星齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮差速器，输入轴和中间轴通过该圆柱齿轮差速器与第一输出轴和第二输出轴耦联。
在此规定，在切换装置的第一切换位置中电机与输入轴耦联，在切换装置的第二切换位置中电机与中间轴耦联，在存在第一切换位置的情况下电机被运行以对输入轴施加转矩，在存在第二切换位置的情况下电机被运行以在第一输出轴与第二输出轴之间提供转矩差和/或转速差，在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时电机以非零转速运行。
关于这种方法或传动设备的所述设计方案的优点，再次参照上文的内容。传动设备及其运行方法又可以根据所述内容来改进。此外，本发明类似地涉及一种具有这种传动设备的机动车。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施例详细说明本发明，而不限制本发明。
图中：
图1示出在第一实施方式中的用于机动车的传动设备的示意图，
图2示出在第二实施方式中的传动设备的示意图，以及
图3示出在第三实施方式中的传动设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出传动设备1的第一实施方式的示意图，该传动设备在此例如设置为未详细示出的机动车2的组成部分。机动车2具有车桥3，该车桥具有第一半轴4和第二半轴5。通过传动设备1能借助于机动车2的动力设备驱动车桥3或半轴4和5。动力设备在此与传动设备1的输入轴6作用连接或至少能作用连接。而第一半轴4连接到传动设备1的第一输出轴7，第二半轴5连接到传动设备1的第二输出轴8，或者说与相应的输出轴7或8作用连接。
在第一半轴4与第一输出轴7之间的作用连接通过第一变速器9建立，第二半轴5与第二输出轴8之间的作用连接通过第二变速器10建立。变速器9和10能以变向传动装置(使旋转轴线方向改变的传动装置)的形式存在。在此，它们优选设计为锥齿轮传动装置并且就此而言分别具有第一锥齿轮11或12和第二锥齿轮13或14。根据传动设备1的在此所示的实施方式可以规定，半轴4和5或其转动轴线在以转动轴线为基准的侧向或径向方向上相互错开。然而半轴4和5替代地也可以彼此同轴布置，即至少在俯视图中彼此对准。
输出轴7和8可以相对于半轴4和5或车桥3成角度，即，相对于它们成大于0°且小于180°的角度、例如成90°的角度。相应的偏转借助于变速器9和10实现，该变速器以变向传动装置的形式存在。当然，变速器9和10可以替代地设计为圆柱齿轮传动装置。例如在此，输出轴7和8平行于半轴4和5布置。
传动设备1具有圆柱齿轮差速器15，第一输出轴7和第二输出轴8通过该圆柱齿轮差速器持久地与输入轴6作用连接或耦联。为此目的，圆柱齿轮差速器15设计为行星齿轮传动机构，该行星齿轮传动机构具有第一太阳轮16、第二太阳轮17以及行星齿轮架18，在该行星齿轮架上分别以能转动的方式支承有第一行星齿轮19和第二行星齿轮20。在此，行星齿轮架18与传动设备1的输入轴6耦联，特别是刚性地和/或持久地耦联。而第一太阳轮16与第一输出轴7耦联，第二太阳轮17与第二输出轴8耦联，分别优选刚性地和/或持久地耦联。第一行星齿轮19与第二行星齿轮20啮合，即优选持久地啮合。此外，第一行星齿轮19与第一太阳轮16啮合，然而不与第二太阳轮17啮合。而第二行星齿轮20与第二太阳轮17啮合，然而不与第一太阳轮16啮合。
第一行星齿轮19设计为第一级行星齿轮21，该第一级行星齿轮与第二级行星齿轮22以不能相对转动的方式耦联。两个级行星齿轮21和22一起以能转动的方式支承在行星齿轮架18上，其中，这两个级行星齿轮优选地在行星齿轮架18上位于支承部位23的相对置的侧上。第二级行星齿轮22与中间轴24以不能相对转动的方式耦联，特别是刚性地和/或持久地耦联。可以清楚地识别出，两个输出轴7和8以及输入轴6和中间轴24彼此同轴布置，即具有相同的转动轴线。在此，第二输出轴8至少局部地接纳第一输出轴7，中间轴24同样至少局部地接纳输入轴6。此外要特别强调的是，圆柱齿轮差速器15无齿圈地构造，即不具有齿圈。
传动设备1具有电机25，该电机能借助于切换装置26与输入轴6和/或中间轴24耦联。在此，切换装置26具有耦联元件27，该耦联元件能根据双箭头28在轴向方向上移位。在这里所示的实施方式中，切换装置26具有输入齿轮29、第一输出齿轮30以及第二输出齿轮31。此外，可以设置辅助齿轮32。
现在，耦联元件27这样构造，使得其持久地与切换装置26的输入齿轮29啮合。在第一切换位置中，该耦联元件附加地与第一输出齿轮30啮合，然而不与第二输出齿轮31和辅助齿轮32啮合。而在第二切换位置中，该耦联元件附加地与第二输出齿轮31啮合，然而不与第一输出齿轮30和辅助齿轮32啮合。在第三切换位置中，该该耦联元件附加地与辅助齿轮32啮合，然而不与两个输出齿轮30和31啮合。
输入齿轮29与电机25耦联，优选刚性地和/或持久地耦联。第一输出齿轮30与输入轴6固定地耦联，第二输出齿轮31与中间轴24固定地耦联，优选地同样也刚性地和/或持久地耦联。而辅助齿轮32不仅与输入轴6、而且与中间轴24脱开，并且就此而言以可自由转动的方式支承。
在电机25与切换装置26或输入齿轮29之间的连接通过一联接行星齿轮传动机构33存在。该联接行星齿轮传动机构具有太阳轮34、带有以能转动的方式支承在行星齿轮架上的行星齿轮36的行星齿轮架35以及齿圈37。太阳轮与电机25耦联，优选刚性地和/或持久地耦联。而齿圈37固定地布置。行星齿轮36现在既与太阳轮34啮合、也与齿圈37啮合。行星齿轮架35与切换装置26、特别是输入齿轮29耦联，特别是刚性地和/或持久地耦联。
借助于切换装置26，电机25可以与输入轴6或中间轴24耦联。在第一种情况下，电机25能够提供转矩，该转矩与由动力设备提供的转矩在输入轴6上叠加。因此，借助于电机25可以在这种情况下增大或减小驱动转矩。
而在切换装置26的第二切换位置中，电机25可以用于提供“转矩矢量分配”功能。在该第二切换位置中，施加在输入轴6上的驱动转矩可以通过借助于电机25提供附加转矩而被分配到两个半轴4和5上，即以如下方式：在这两个半轴之间出现期望的转矩分配。这意味着，借助于电机25能自由地将驱动转矩分配到输出轴7和8上并且因此分配到半轴4和5上。
图2示出在第二实施方式中的传动设备1的示意图。该实施方式基本上与第一实施方式类似地构造，因此接下来仅探讨不同之处，并且在其它方面参考上述实施方式。区别在于切换装置26的设计方案。在第一实施方式中，输入齿轮29设计为齿圈，而其现在设计为圆柱齿轮，并且在轴向方向上看布置在第一输出齿轮30与第二输出齿轮31之间。然而，功能性与上述第一实施方式的切换装置26相同。与其相比，辅助齿轮32可以省去，这里是这种情况。
图3以示意图示出传动设备1的第三实施方式。再次参考上述实施方式、特别是第一实施方式，并且下面指出不同之处。不同之处在于，联接行星齿轮传动机构33是两级的，从而电机25通过联接行星齿轮传动机构33不仅与输入齿轮29、而且与另一输入齿轮38耦联，优选刚性地和/或持久地耦联。为此，联接行星齿轮传动机构33具有另一太阳轮39、另一行星齿轮40和另一齿圈41。
太阳轮39与太阳轮34耦联、进而与电机25耦联，优选刚性地和/或持久地耦联。行星齿轮40以能转动的方式支承在行星齿轮架35上，然而独立于行星齿轮36或者说与之无关。行星齿轮40一方面与太阳轮39啮合、而另一方面与齿圈41啮合。齿圈以能转动的方式支承并且与输入齿轮38耦联，优选刚性地和/或持久地耦联。行星齿轮36和40优选具有不同的齿数，从而在电机25与输入齿轮29之间出现第一传动比，并且在电机25与另一输入齿轮38之间出现第二传动比，其中，这两个传动比彼此不同。
作为对上面已经描述的切换位置的补充，现在可以存在切换装置26的第四切换位置，在该第四切换位置中耦联元件27与输入齿轮38啮合、而不是与输入齿轮29啮合，而耦联元件同时与第一输出齿轮30啮合。相应地，在电机25与输入轴6之间设定与在第一切换位置中不同的传动比。
所描述的传动设备1特别具有如下优点，即，圆柱齿轮差速器15无齿圈地构造并且就此而言能以小的轴向结构空间实现。此外，切换装置26能实现电机25的灵活连接，以用于驱动输入轴6或通过驱动中间轴24提供“转矩矢量分配”功能。
借助于所述的传动设备1实施一种方法，在该方法中，电机25在存在第一切换位置的情况下被运行以对输入轴6施加转矩，而在存在第二切换位置的情况下电机被运行以在第一输出轴7与第二输出轴8之间提供转矩差和/或转速差，其中，电机25在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时以非零转速运行。这一方面能实现即使在第二切换位置中也更好地推进机动车2、另一方面能实现在切换位置之间的更快速的转换。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行机动车(2)的传动设备(1)的方法，该传动设备具有能与机动车(2)的动力设备作用连接的输入轴(6)、第一输出轴(7)、第二输出轴(8)、设计为行星齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮差速器(15)，输入轴(6)和中间轴(24)通过该圆柱齿轮差速器与第一输出轴(7)和第二输出轴(8)耦联，
其特征在于，
在切换装置(26)的第一切换位置中使电机(25)与输入轴(6)耦联，在切换装置(26)的第二切换位置中使电机与中间轴(24)耦联，在存在第一切换位置的情况下电机(25)被运行以对输入轴(6)施加转矩，在存在第二切换位置的情况下电机被运行以在第一输出轴(7)与第二输出轴(8)之间提供转矩差和/或转速差，在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时电机(25)以非零转速运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置之前，使电机(25)以与输入轴(6)的转速成比例的转速在确定的转动方向上运行。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置或从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置时，电机(25)被调节为无负载。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置或从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置时，在切换装置(25)上调节到中间位置，在该中间位置中，电机(25)与输入轴(6)和中间轴(24)脱开，并且进行转速同步。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置或从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置时，使电机(25)的转速的绝对值始终保持大于最小转速。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置之后，使电机(25)以与中间轴(24)的转速成比例的转速在确定的转动方向上运行。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第一切换位置转换到第二切换位置之前，使电机(25)作用于输入轴(6)的转矩降低一转矩差，并对动力设备进行调节以补偿该转矩差。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从第二切换位置转换到第一切换位置之后，将电机(25)作用于输入轴(6)的转矩提高一转矩差，并对动力设备进行调节以补偿该转矩差。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机(25)是低压电机。
10.一种用于机动车的传动设备(1)，该传动设备特别用于实施根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，该传动设备具有能与机动车(2)的动力设备作用连接的输入轴(6)、第一输出轴(7)、第二输出轴(8)、设计为行星齿轮传动机构的圆柱齿轮差速器(15)，输入轴(6)和中间轴(24)通过该圆柱齿轮差速器与第一输出轴(7)和第二输出轴(8)耦联，
其特征在于，
在切换装置(26)的第一切换位置中电机(25)与输入轴(6)耦联，在切换装置(26)的第二切换位置中电机与中间轴(24)耦联，在存在第一切换位置的情况下电机(25)被运行以对输入轴(6)施加转矩，在存在第二切换位置的情况下电机被运行以在第一输出轴(7)与第二输出轴(8)之间提供转矩差和/或转速差，在转矩差为零和/或转速差为零时电机(25)以非零转速运行。
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