CN105313669A - 用于在电机与差速器之间具有可变传动装置的机动车辆的混合动力动力系单元 - Google Patents

用于在电机与差速器之间具有可变传动装置的机动车辆的混合动力动力系单元 Download PDF

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CN105313669A
CN105313669A CN201510453356.5A CN201510453356A CN105313669A CN 105313669 A CN105313669 A CN 105313669A CN 201510453356 A CN201510453356 A CN 201510453356A CN 105313669 A CN105313669 A CN 105313669A
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gear
axle
motor
combustion engine
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CN105313669B (zh
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A.皮亚扎
M.加拉贝洛
G.普雷格诺拉托
F.佩索拉
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Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B60K2025/022—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft by a mechanical transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于在电机与差速器之间具有可变传动装置的机动车辆的混合动力动力系单元，其包括内燃机和具有主轴的齿轮箱装置，所述主轴能经由离合器装置连接至内燃机的轴。齿轮箱装置包括具有与差速器的第一冕状轮啮合的输出小齿轮的副轴，所述差速器的外壳刚性地连接至齿轮箱装置的外壳。该单元还包括电机，所述电机适应于作为电动机和作为发电机操作，并具有借助于传动装置连接至差速器的第二冕状轮的轴。在连接传动装置中，布置在电机的轴与差速器的第二冕状轮之间的是接合装置，其可以经由电子控制致动器被操作。将电机的轴连接至差速器的所述第二冕状轮的传动装置包括构造成用于提供至少两个可选择的不同传动比的辅助换档装置。

Description

用于在电机与差速器之间具有可变传动装置的机动车辆的混合动力动力系单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆类型的混合动力动力系单元，包括：
内燃机；以及
齿轮箱装置，其包括：
至少一根主轴，其能借助于离合装置连接至机动车辆的曲轴；
至少一根副轴，所述至少一根副轴的轴线与所述主轴的轴线平行并间隔开，并且所述至少一根副轴支承输出小齿轮；
与多个前进档齿轮齿数比对应的多对齿轮，其中，每对中的齿轮相对于所述主轴与所述副轴之中的一根轴在旋转上刚性地连接，并且另一齿轮相对于所述主轴与副轴中的另一根轴可自由地旋转；以及
多个齿轮选择装置，其用于在旋转上使所述可自由旋转的齿轮中的每个齿轮与其安装在上面的轴联接，
所述单元还包括：
差速器，其具有与齿轮箱装置的所述副轴的所述输出小齿轮啮合的第一冕状轮；以及
电机，其适应于作为电动机和作为发电机操作，并具有：外壳，其刚性地连接至所述动力系单元的支撑结构；以及轴，其借助于传动装置连接至所述差速器的第二冕状轮。
背景技术
例如，从EP1868832B1已知一种上述类型的混合动力动力系单元。DE1020090566366A1和US2002/065163A1同样公开了一种上述类型的混合动力动力系单元，其还包括：接合装置，其布置在电机的轴与差速器的前述第二冕状轮之间的连接传动装置中；以及用于致动前述接合装置的装置。
同样应指出的是，在欧洲专利申请EP13153802(已提交，但在本发明的优先权日期尚未公开)中，本申请人提出了一种上述类型的动力系单元，其具有布置在电机的轴与差速器的第二冕状轮之间的接合装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混合动力动力系单元，其具有简单的结构以及小的总尺寸，并且其在操作上是有效的、可靠的并且通用的。
为了达到以上目标，本发明的主题是一种具有权利要求1的特征的混合动力动力系单元。
在优选实施例中，所述辅助换档装置被设定在所述接合装置与电机的轴之间。
根据本发明的另一特征，辅助换档装置设置有用于传动比的选择的电子控制致动器。
在优选实施例中，电机与差速器之间的接合装置是离合器接合装置，并且与之相关的致动器装置包括电磁或电液致动器以及用于控制致动器的电子单元。
接合装置的启动由机动车辆的电子控制单元根据预设程序作为发动机的操作参数和机动车辆的操作参数的函数被控制。相同的情形适用于与前述辅助换档装置相关的选择装置。
根据另外的优选特征，根据本发明的动力系单元可呈现一系列特征中的一个或多个特征：
电机可例如借助于例如同样包括接合装置的皮带传动装置，使其轴在内燃机的与连接至主齿轮箱装置的端部相对的端部连接至内燃机的轴；
皮带传动装置还能驱动机动车辆的一个或多个辅助装置、诸如例如车辆的空调系统的压缩机和用于制动系统的负压源。
以上附加的特征就本身考虑已由本申请人在欧洲申请No.EP13153802、EP14172677、EP14172693、EP14172707和EP14172710中提出，所有所述欧洲申请在本发明的优先权日期仍然是秘密的。
附图说明
本发明另外的特征和优点将参考附图从接下来的说明显现，所述附图仅作为非限制性示例提供，并且其中：
图1是已由本申请人在欧洲专利申请No.EP13153802(已提交，但在本发明的优先权日期尚未公开)中提出的动力系单元的第一实施例的示意图；
图2是同样已由本申请人在欧洲专利申请No.EP13153802中提出的图1的动力系单元的变体的示意图；
图3是不形成本发明的一部分的动力系单元的第一实施例的示意图；
图4以放大比例尺示出图3的细节；
图5是根据本发明的动力系单元的实施例的示意图；以及
图6和7以放大比例尺图示在两种不同的操作状况下的图5的细节。
具体实施方式
在图1-7中，共同的部件由相同的附图标记标明。在所述图中，数字1作为一个整体标明用于机动车辆的混合动力动力系单元，包括内燃机E、齿轮箱装置C、差速器D和电机M。
根据传统技术，齿轮箱装置C具有外壳2，主轴3借助于滚动轴承4可旋转地安装在所述外壳2内。主轴能经由任何已知类型的离合器装置6连接至发动机E的轴5。此外，副轴7经由滚动轴承8可旋转地安装在齿轮箱C的外壳2内。副轴7的轴线与主轴3的轴线平行并布置成离其有一段距离。
当然，即使附图示出了包括单根主轴和单根副轴的传统类型的齿轮箱，本发明也适用于任何其他已知构造的齿轮箱装置，尤其地包括设想能借助于双离合器装置选择性地连接至曲轴的两根同轴主轴并具有任何数量的副轴的构造。
回到作为示例在附图中图示的构造，主轴3与副轴7支承啮合到一起的多对齿轮，以提供多个前进档齿轮齿数比。每对中的一个齿轮刚性地连接至轴，齿轮由该轴支承，而每对中的另一齿轮可自由旋转地安装在相应轴上。
在图示示例的情况下，第一齿轮齿数比通过包括刚性地连接至主轴3的齿轮Ⅰ1和可自由旋转地安装在副轴7上的齿轮Ⅰ2的一对齿轮获得。第二齿轮齿数比借助于刚性地连接至主轴3的齿轮Ⅱ1和可自由旋转地安装在副轴7上的齿轮Ⅱ2获得。第三、第四、第五和第六齿轮齿数比借助于包括刚性地连接至副轴7的齿轮Ⅲ1、Ⅳ1、Ⅴ1、Ⅵ1和可自由旋转地安装在主轴3上的对应齿轮Ⅲ2、Ⅳ2、Ⅴ2和Ⅵ2的多对齿轮获得。
再次根据已知技术，主轴3与副轴7支承用于在旋转上将可自由旋转的齿轮Ⅰ2、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ2、Ⅳ2、Ⅴ2、Ⅵ2中的每个齿轮选择性地连接至它们被支承于上面的相应轴的选择装置S1/2、S3/4和S5/6。
齿轮箱装置C还包括第三根轴(在附图的平面中是不可见的)，所述第三根轴以可自由旋转的方式支承倒档齿轮和用于在旋转上将所述齿轮连接至相应轴的选择装置，以致将主轴3的旋转运动传递至旋转方向反转的副轴7。
副轴7支承与差速器D的第一冕状轮10啮合的输出小齿轮9。具有本身已知类型的结构的差速器D具有刚性地连接至齿轮箱装置C的外壳2的外壳11，并具有两根输出轴12、13，用于经由等速万向节14将运动传递至机动车辆的齿轮。冕状轮10刚性地连接至差速器的齿轮系支架，所述齿轮系支架借助于轴承15可旋转地安装在外壳11内。
电机M适应于根据操作状况用作电动机和用作发电机。在图1中图示的实施例中，电机M共用差速器D的两个输出轴12、13的轴线，并且被其由16标明的轴轴向地穿过。轴16是中空的，并且继而被差速器D的输出轴13轴向地穿过，以便使电机M与差速器D的对准布置成为可能。电机M的外壳17刚性地连接至差速器D的外壳11，并且还可能连接至内燃机E的结构。电机M的轴16经由滚动轴承18被可旋转地支撑在外壳17内。
电机M的轴16在旋转上连接至差速器D的第二冕状轮19，所述第二冕状轮19刚性地连接至差速器的齿轮系支架。在图1的情况下，电机M的轴16与差速器D的冕状轮19之间的连接通过借助于第一对齿轮20、21和第二对齿轮22、19获得的双齿轮减速跃迁获得。齿轮20刚性地连接至电机M的轴16，而齿轮21、22由相互对准的两根轴23、24支承，所述两根轴23、24能借助于接合装置25连接，在图示示例的情况下，接合装置25是由电磁致动器26控制的离合器装置，所述电磁致动器26继而由电子控制单元U(在图1中仅示意性地示出)驱动。致动器还可以是电动液压类型或任何其他已知的类型。此外，接合装置可以是任何其他已知的类型。两根轴23、24经由滚动轴承27可旋转地安装在齿轮减速变速器的外壳28内，所述外壳28刚性地连接至差速器D的外壳11并与电机M的外壳17刚性地连接。
参考图示的特定示例，接合装置25与电磁致动器26可以任何已知的方式获得。由于这些原因，还为了使附图更简单并且更易于理解，本文未图示所述元件的结构细节。
最后，作为一个整体由CY标明的是发动机的气缸，所述气缸在该单元安装于机动车辆上的状况下竖直布置。因此，参考其中动力系单元安装在机动车辆中的布置，在图1-4中图示的视图是顶部平面图。典型地，该单元安装在与机动车辆的前轮相关的机动车辆的前部中。
电机M根据发动机和机动车辆的操作状况用作电动机或用作发电机。尤其地，可能有以下不同的操作模式：
电驱动(内燃机E关掉，并且齿轮箱在空档)；
混合驱动(内燃机打开，并且齿轮箱具有啮合的齿轮)；以及
在制动期间的能量回收(内燃机打开，并且齿轮在空档，否则内燃机与齿轮箱之间的离合器6脱离)。
电机M此外可用作电动机，用于在档位变换期间填充由内燃机供应至车辆的车轮的扭矩中的间隙。
最后，接合装置25在不需要电机M的干预的操作状况下能够使电机M的分离。
如前所述，附图的图1涉及已由本申请人在欧洲专利申请No.EP13153802(已提交，但在本发明的优先权日期尚未公布)中提出的解决方案。在该解决方案中，在发动机E的与连接至齿轮箱装置C的一端相对的端部提供了电机M的轴16与内燃机E的轴5的直接连接。为此，在图示的示例中，提供一种辅助皮带传动装置29，其包括接合在由电机M的轴16支承的第一皮带轮31上并接合在由轴33支承的第二皮带轮32上的环形皮带30，所述轴33能经由例如电磁控制的或任何其他已知类型的接合装置34连接至内燃机的轴5。例如，在以本申请人的名义提交的文件No.EP1529957A1中描述并图示了该类型的接合装置。
皮带传动装置29与接合装置能34使内燃机的轴与电机M的轴的直接连接，例如以提供电机作为BAS(皮带交流发电机起动机)、即作为由发动机驱动的发电机或作为用于起动内燃机的电动机的功能。
在内燃机的起动模式下，接合装置25脱离，并且接合装置34接合。
在车辆静止不动的电流生成模式下，内燃机打开，接合装置25脱离，并且接合装置34接合。
在配备有停走装置的车辆中，其中当车辆不动时内燃机关掉，电机M使得能够保持由皮带30支配的辅助装置(诸如空调系统的压缩机)运行。在该状况下，接合装置34脱离。
图2图示了同样已在先前的欧洲专利申请No.EP13153802中提出的变体，其与图1的第一实施例的不同之处在于电机M的轴线布置成与差速器D的输出轴12、13的轴线平行并离其有一段距离。在该情况下，电机M的轴16与差速器D的第二冕状轮19之间的连接借助于三级齿轮减速跃迁获得。第一跃迁借助于一对齿轮35、36获得。第二跃迁借助于一对齿轮37、21获得，并且第三跃迁借助于一对齿轮22、19获得。齿轮36、37由经由滚动轴承41被可自由旋转地安装在外壳28内的中空轴40支承。中空轴40被差速器D的输出轴13穿过。在图3的实施例中，与能借助于电磁支配的接合装置25连接到一起的轴23、24相关，齿轮21、22如参考图1所描述地布置。
图3和4图示了不形成本发明的一部分的第一实施例。该解决方案与图1和2的解决方案的共同之处在于，在电机M与差速器D之间提供接合装置25，和在与齿轮箱装置相对的一侧，在电机M的轴与内燃机E的轴5之间提供例如借助于皮带传动装置29获得的连接。然而，在本发明的情况下，提供传动装置29仅被理解为优选的、但非必要的特征。换句话说，甚至可省略传动装置29。
相对于图1和2的解决方案的主要差异在于如下事实，在图3的情况下，使电机M的轴16与差速器D的冕状轮19连接的传动装置包括被设计成选择两个不同的传动比的辅助换档装置50。
在本文图示的示例中，辅助换档装置被设定在接合装置25与电机M的轴16之间。然而，还可能在接合装置25与差速器的冕状轮19之间的传动装置中提供装置50。
装置50具有外壳50A，所述外壳50A在一侧刚性地连接至接合装置25的外壳，并且在相对侧连接至电机的外壳。接合装置25的外壳继而刚性地连接至差速器D的外壳。
在图3和4的示例中，辅助换档装置50包括辅助主轴51和辅助副轴52。轴51连接至电机M的轴16，并在旋转上借助于滚动轴承18被支撑。尤其地参考图4，轴52的轴线与轴51的轴线平行并被设定成离轴51的轴线有一段距离，轴52经由接合装置25连接至差速器D的所述第二冕状轮19，并在旋转上借助于滚动轴承41被支撑。轴51、52支承与两个不同的传动比对应的两对齿轮53、54和55、56。齿轮53、55在旋转上刚性地连接至轴51，然而其他两个齿轮54、56以可自由旋转的方式安装在轴52上。
在附图中仅示意性地图示的选择装置S'能以用于机动车辆的齿轮箱装置的选择装置的领域中已知的任何方式(以与上述的齿轮箱装置2的选择装置S1/2、S3/4和S5/6类似的方式)获得，该选择装置S'在两个操作位置之间可轴向地移位，能够实现两个不同的传动比的选择，在所述操作位置中，选择装置S'选择性地使齿轮54或齿轮56在旋转上与轴52联接。
选择装置S'在其两个操作位置之间的移位由在图中仅示意性地图示的任何已知类型的致动器60控制。优选地，致动器60是机电致动器，其由机动车辆的控制单元根据车辆的、发动机E的和电机M的操作状况基于预设程序电子地控制。
如果设想选择装置S'还能保持在其两个操作位置中间的空档位置，则它还可执行接合装置25的功能，因此接合装置25甚至可以除去。然而，说起接合装置25给予使驱动更迅速很多地脱离并且更好地调整输入与输出之间的r.p.m.的差的可能性，保留接合装置25是有用的，在实践中执行集中式同步器的功能，同时提供将选择装置S'简化为非同步的前接合装置的可能性。相同的考虑适用于根据本发明的将在下文描述的实施例。
现在来到在图5-7中图示的本发明的实施例，在该情况下，辅助换档装置50包括行星齿轮系70。尤其地参考图6和7中的任一图，齿轮系70包括太阳齿轮71、外环形齿轮72、多个行星齿轮73以及行星齿轮架74，其中多个行星齿轮73围绕太阳齿轮71并在外环形齿轮72内啮合，行星齿轮架74支承行星齿轮73并通过滚动轴承41以可旋转的方式由轴75支承。轴75连接至电机M的轴16。在图示的示例中，轴75借助于分别由轴75、16支承的一对齿轮76、77连接至轴16。
太阳齿轮71在旋转上连接至中空轴78，所述中空轴78继而经由接合装置25连接至差速器D的冕状轮19。行星齿轮架74如已示出地改为经由轴75和一对齿轮76、77连接至电机M的轴16。
外环形齿轮72可在图6中图示的第一操作位置与在图7中图示的第二操作位置之间轴向地移动，在所述第一操作位置，所述外环形齿轮72啮合在行星齿轮架74的齿74a上，使得其在旋转上与行星齿轮架74连接，并且在所述第二操作位置，所述外环形齿轮72啮合在由装置50的外壳支承的齿50a上，以便被阻止旋转。
在图6中图示的第一位置，齿轮系70提供1：1的传动比。在图7中图示的第二位置，齿轮系70提供(从轴16到轴78减速的)不同的传动比。
齿轮系70设置有任何一种已知类型的致动器60(在附图中仅示意性地图示)，用于选择性地使外环形齿轮72在其两个操作位置之间移位。优选地，致动器60是机电致动器，其作为车辆的、发动机E的和电机M的操作状况的函数，基于预设程序由机动车辆的控制单元电子地控制。
当然，在不影响本发明的原理的情况下，结构的细节和实施例可相对于本文仅作为示例而描述并图示的内容广泛地改变，从而不偏离本发明的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车辆的混合动力动力系单元，包括：
内燃机(E)；以及
齿轮箱装置(C)，其包括：
至少一根主轴(3)，其能借助于离合器装置(6)连接至所述内燃机(E)的曲轴(5)；
至少一根副轴(7)，所述至少一根副轴(7)的轴线与所述主轴(3)的轴线平行并间隔开，并且所述至少一根副轴(7)支承输出小齿轮(9)；
与多个前进档齿轮齿数比(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ)对应的多对齿轮(Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2、Ⅳ1、Ⅳ2、Ⅴ1、Ⅴ2、Ⅵ1、Ⅵ2)，其中，每对中的齿轮是关于所述主轴与副轴(3、7)中的一根轴在旋转上刚性地连接的一个齿轮和关于所述主轴与副轴中的另一根轴可自由旋转的另一齿轮；以及
多个齿轮选择装置(S1/2、S3/4、S5/6)，其用于在旋转上使所述可自由旋转的齿轮中的每个齿轮与其安装在上面的轴联接，
所述单元还包括：
差速器(D)，其具有与所述齿轮箱装置(C)的所述副轴(7)的所述输出小齿轮(9)啮合的第一冕状轮(10)；以及
电机(M)，其适应于作为电动机和作为发电机操作，并具有：外壳(17)，其刚性地连接至所述动力系单元的支撑结构；以及轴(16)，其借助于连接传动装置连接至所述差速器的第二冕状轮(19)；
接合装置(25)，其在所述连接传动装置中布置在所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)与所述差速器(D)的前述第二冕状轮(19)之间；以及
用于致动所述接合装置的装置(26)，
所述动力系单元的特征在于，所述连接传动装置包括构造成用于提供至少两个不同的可选择的传动比的辅助换档装置(70)，
并且其中，所述辅助换档装置包括行星齿轮系(70)，包括：
太阳齿轮(71)、外环形齿轮(72)、围绕所述太阳齿轮(71)并在所述外环形齿轮(72)内啮合的多个行星齿轮(73)、以及支承所述行星齿轮(73)的行星齿轮架(74)，
所述太阳齿轮(71)在旋转上与所述差速器的所述第二冕状轮(19)可连接，
所述行星齿轮架(74)连接至所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)，并且
所述外环形齿轮(72)可在第一操作位置与第二操作位置之间轴向地移动，在所述第一操作位置，所述外环形齿轮(72)在旋转上与所述行星齿轮架(74)连接，并且在所述第二操作位置，所述外环形齿轮(72)被阻止在所述单元的支撑结构(50a)上；以及
用于所述传动比的选择的装置(60)，用于选择性地使前述外环形齿轮在其两个操作位置之间移位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，所述辅助换档装置被设定在所述接合装置(25)与所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，所述辅助换档装置设置有用于所述传动比的选择的电子控制致动器(60)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮架(74)经由一对齿轮(76、77)连接至所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，所述电机(M)在内燃机的与连接至所述齿轮箱装置(C)的端部相对的端部具有连接至所述内燃机(E)的所述轴(5)的轴(16)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的单元，其特征在于，所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)借助于皮带传动装置(29)连接至所述发动机轴(5)，所述皮带传动装置包括接合在连接至所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)的第一皮带轮(31)上并接合在连接至所述内燃机(E)的所述轴(5)的第二皮带轮(32)上的环形皮带(30)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的单元，其特征在于，被设定在所述皮带传动装置的所述第一和第二皮带轮(31、32)中的一个与相应的轴之间的是另一接合装置(34)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的单元，其特征在于，在所述内燃机(E)的与连接至所述齿轮箱装置(C)的端部相对的端部将所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)连接至所述内燃机(E)的所述轴(5)的所述皮带传动装置还控制所述机动车辆的一个或多个辅助装置，诸如例如空调系统的压缩机（CO）和用于制动系统的负压力源(VS)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，所述电机(M)的所述轴(16)具有与所述差速器(D)的两个输出轴(12、13)的轴线平行并间隔开的轴线。
10.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，所述接合装置是离合器接合装置(25)，并且所述致动器装置包括电磁的或电动液压的致动器(26)和用于控制所述致动器的电子单元(U)。
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