CN111018552A - 一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:A)将纳米二氧化硅加入改性剂溶液,改性后进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅;所述改性剂为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠;所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.05~0.5%;B)以重量份数计,将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;C)将所述混合物料压制成型,进行煅烧,得到高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。本发明通过预先对纳米二氧化硅粉末改性,提高纳米二氧化硅粉末的分散性,使压制出的纳米微孔隔热板内部的孔径分布更加均匀,可有效降低对流传热。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机隔热材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板及其制备方法。
背景技术
纳米微孔隔热板的导热系数低,隔热性能佳,是目前世界上已知的隔热性能最好的材料之一。纳米微孔隔热板含有80%以上的纳米二氧化硅粉末,纳米颗粒的比表面积大、活性高,颗粒之间易发生团聚现象。目前的分散技术通常是机械搅拌分散,这种方法采用搅拌实现颗粒团聚体的解团,效果并不好,因为当搅拌停止后,颗粒间仍会依靠吸附引力团聚在一起,导致产品的均一性差,隔热性相对削弱。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板及其制备方法,本发明中的制备方法制备得到的纳米微孔隔热板材料均一性好,隔热性能优良。
本发明提供一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将纳米二氧化硅加入改性剂溶液,改性后进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅;
所述改性剂为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠;
所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.05~0.5%;
B)以重量份数计,将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;
C)将所述混合物料压制成型,进行煅烧,得到高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
优选的,所述纳米二氧化硅的平均粒径为30~40nm。
优选的,所述步骤A)中干燥的温度为100~120℃;
所述步骤A)中干燥的时间为4~6h。
优选的,所述红外遮光剂为碳化硅、炭黑、硅酸锆和钛白粉中的一种或几种;
所述红外遮光剂的粒径为3~6μm。
优选的,所述无机纤维为玻璃纤维、高硅氧纤维和陶瓷纤维中的一种或几种;
所述玻璃纤维和高硅氧纤维的纤维直径为7~9μm;
所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径为3~5μm。
优选的,所述步骤B)中搅拌的速度为600~800rpm;
所述步骤B)中搅拌的时间为10~15min。
优选的,所述步骤C)中压制成型的压力为300~500MPa;
所述步骤C)中压制成型的保压时间为60~90s。
优选的,所述步骤C)中煅烧的温度为500~700℃;
所述步骤C)中煅烧的时间为0.5~1h。
本发明提供一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板,按照上文所述的制备方法制得;
所述高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的孔径大小为平均孔径大小为40~60nm;孔径40~60nm的微孔占比大于80%。
本发明提供了一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:A)将纳米二氧化硅加入改性剂溶液,改性后进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅;所述改性剂为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠;所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.05~0.5%;B)以重量份数计,将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;C)将所述混合物料压制成型,进行煅烧,得到高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。本发明通过预先对纳米二氧化硅粉末改性,使纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面吸附带电较强的聚合物分子层,使纳米二氧化硅颗粒之间形成电荷排斥,提高纳米二氧化硅粉末的分散性,使压制出的纳米微孔隔热板内部的孔径分布更加均匀,可有效降低对流传热,同时将纳米微孔隔热板中的改性剂预烧除,保证产品使用过程中无烟无味。实验结果表明,本发明制备的纳米微孔隔热板为纯无机制品,高温下无烟无味,平均500℃导热系数不超过0.027W/(m·K),相比于传统工艺降低10%以上。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将纳米二氧化硅加入改性剂溶液,改性后进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅;
所述改性剂为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠;
所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.05~0.5%;
B)以重量份数计,将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;
C)将所述混合物料压制成型,进行煅烧,得到高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
本发明首先使用改性剂对纳米二氧化硅进行改性。
先将离子型的改性剂溶于水中,制备一定质量浓度的改性剂溶液,然后将纳米二氧化硅粉末加入改性剂溶液中,开始搅拌,然后将分散均匀的含有纳米二氧化硅粉末的溶液进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅。
在本发明中,所述二氧化硅的平均粒径优选为30~40nm。
在本发明中,所述改性剂优选为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠,在本发明中,所述改性剂优选为离子型聚丙烯酰胺,即阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺或阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺。当选用的聚丙烯酰胺为阳离子型时,完成改性的纳米二氧化硅粉末显阳离子型;当选用的聚丙烯酰胺为阴离子型时,完成改性的纳米二氧化硅粉末显阴离子型;当选用聚丙烯酸钠时,完成改性的纳米二氧化硅粉末显阴离子型。所述聚丙烯酰胺的平均分子量优选为200~400万;聚丙烯酸钠相对分子量优选为2000~4000。
在本发明中,所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度优选为0.05~0.5%,更优选为0.1~0.4%,最优选为0.2~0.3%,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是0.05%、0.2%或0.5%。在本发明中,所述改性剂溶液相对于二氧化硅的量而言是远远过量的,因此,本申请对改性剂溶液的用量不作特殊限定。
在本发明中,所述搅拌的速度优选为400~600rpm,更优选为450~550rpm,最优选为500rpm;所述搅拌的时间优选为10~15min,更优选为12~13min。本发明优选采用分散剂对改性剂和二氧化硅进行搅拌分散。
在本发明中,本发明优选在无风烘干室内进行烘干,得到改性纳米二氧化硅,所述烘干的温度优选为100~120℃,更优选为110~115℃,所述烘干的时间优选为4~6h,更优选为4.5~5.5小时,最优选为5小时。
得到改性纳米二氧化硅后,以重量份数计,本发明将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;
在本发明中,所述改性后的纳米二氧化硅的重量份数优选为80~90份,更优选为85~86份,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是80份、86份或90份;
所述红外遮光剂优选为碳化硅、炭黑、硅酸锆和钛白粉中的一种或几种;具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是碳化硅和炭黑重量比1:1的组合或者硅酸锆和钛白粉重量比1:1的组合;所述红外遮光剂的重量份数优选为8~15份,更优选为10~12份,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是8份或15份。所述红外遮光剂的粒径优选为3~6μm,更优选为4~5μm。
所述无机纤维优选为玻璃纤维、高硅氧纤维和陶瓷纤维中的一种或几种,具体的,所述陶瓷纤维可以是硅酸铝纤维;所述无机纤维的重量份数优选为2~5份,更优选为3~4份;所述玻璃纤维和高硅氧纤维的纤维直径优选为7~9μm,更优选为8μm;所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径优选为3~5μm,更优选为4μm。
在本发明中,所述搅拌的速度优选为600~800rpm,更优选为700~750rpm;所述搅拌的时间优选为10~15min,更优选为12~13min。
搅拌得到混合物料后,本发明优选将所述混合物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型。
在本发明中,所述压制成型的压力优选为300~500MPa,更优选为400~450MPa;所述压制成型的保压时间优选为60~90s,更优选为70~80s。
压制成型的半成品输送至煅烧炉内,进行煅烧,烧除板材内的改性剂,制得高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
本发明通过煅烧去除了产品当中的有机成分,使纳米粉末包覆的改性剂烧除,消除了其包覆电荷。所述煅烧的温度优选为500~700℃,更优选为600~650℃;所述煅烧的时间优选为0.5~1小时。
本发明还提供了一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板,按照上文所述的制备方法制得;
在本发明中,所述高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的平均孔径大小优选为40~60nm,更优选为50nm;孔径40~60nm的微孔占比超过80%。
本发明提供了一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:A)将纳米二氧化硅加入改性剂溶液,改性后进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅;所述改性剂为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠;所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.05~0.5%;B)以重量份数计,将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;C)将所述混合物料压制成型,进行煅烧,得到高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。本发明通过预先对纳米二氧化硅粉末改性,使纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面吸附带电较强的聚合物分子层,使纳米二氧化硅颗粒之间形成电荷排斥,提高纳米二氧化硅粉末的分散性,使压制出的纳米微孔隔热板内部的孔径分布更加均匀,可有效降低对流传热,同时将纳米微孔隔热板中的改性剂预烧除,保证产品使用过程中无烟无味。实验结果表明,本发明制备的纳米微孔隔热板为纯无机制品,高温下无烟无味,平均500℃导热系数不超过0.027W/(m·K),相比于传统工艺降低10%以上。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板及其制备方法进行详细描述,但不能将其理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
下面给出本发明的实施例,为便于对比说明,以下实施例制备的样品尺寸均为300×300×20mm,并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1
首先将离子型的聚丙烯酰胺溶于水中,制备质量浓度为0.05%的溶液;然后将纳米二氧化硅粉末加入溶液中,开启分散机搅拌,搅拌速度400rpm,搅拌时间15min;将分散均匀的含有纳米二氧化硅粉末的溶液放入无风烘干室内烘干,烘干温度100℃,烘干时间6小时,完成烘干的纳米二氧化硅粉末即完成改性。
称取80重量份改性纳米二氧化硅粉末、15重量份红外遮光剂和5重量份无机纤维加入搅拌机中,开启搅拌机,搅拌速度为600rpm,搅拌时间15min;其中改性纳米二氧化硅粉末平均粒径30~40nm,红外遮光剂为碳化硅,优选平均粒径为3μm,无机纤维为玻璃纤维,纤维平均直径为7μm。
搅拌完成后,将物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型,液压机压力为300MPa,保压时间为90s。完成压制的板材输送至煅烧炉内,煅烧温度500℃,煅烧时间1小时,烧除板材内的改性剂,制得高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
实施例2
首先将离子型的聚丙烯酰胺溶于水中,制备质量浓度为0.2%的溶液;然后将纳米二氧化硅粉末加入溶液中,开启分散机搅拌,搅拌速度500rpm,搅拌时间12min;将分散均匀的含有纳米二氧化硅粉末的溶液放入无风烘干室内烘干,烘干温度110℃,烘干时间5h,完成烘干的纳米二氧化硅粉末即完成改性。
称取86重量份改性纳米二氧化硅粉末、15重量份红外遮光剂和4重量份无机纤维加入搅拌机中,开启搅拌机,搅拌速度为700rpm,搅拌时间12min;其中改性纳米二氧化硅粉末平均粒径30~40nm,红外遮光剂为硅酸锆和钛白粉,两者重量比为1:1,优选平均粒径4μm,无机纤维为高硅氧纤维,纤维平均直径为8μm。
搅拌完成后,将物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型,液压机压力为400MPa,保压时间为70s。完成压制的板材输送至煅烧炉内,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间0.8小时,烧除板材内的改性剂,制得高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
实施例3
首先将聚丙烯酸钠溶于水中,制备质量浓度为0.5%的溶液;然后将纳米二氧化硅粉末加入溶液中,开启分散机搅拌,搅拌速度600rpm,搅拌时间10min;将分散均匀的含有纳米二氧化硅粉末的溶液放入无风烘干室内烘干,烘干温度120℃,烘干时间4小时,完成烘干的纳米二氧化硅粉末即完成改性。
称取90重量份改性纳米二氧化硅粉末、8重量份红外遮光剂和2重量份无机纤维加入搅拌机中,开启搅拌机,搅拌速度为800rpm,搅拌时间10min;其中改性纳米二氧化硅粉末平均粒径30~40nm,红外遮光剂为碳化硅和炭黑,两者重量比为1:1,优选平均粒径6μm,无机纤维为硅酸铝纤维,纤维平均直径为5μm。
搅拌完成后,将物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型,液压机压力为500MPa,保压时间为60s。完成压制的板材输送至煅烧炉内,煅烧温度700℃,煅烧时间0.5小时,烧除板材内的改性剂,制得高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
对比实施例1
称取80重量份纳米二氧化硅粉末、15重量份红外遮光剂和5重量份无机纤维加入搅拌机中,开启搅拌机,搅拌速度为600rpm,搅拌时间15min;其中纳米二氧化硅粉末平均粒径30~40nm,红外遮光剂为碳化硅,优选平均粒径为3μm,无机纤维为玻璃纤维,纤维平均直径为7μm。搅拌完成后,将物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型,液压机压力为300MPa,保压时间为90s。
对比实施例2
称取86重量份纳米二氧化硅粉末、15重量份红外遮光剂和4重量份无机纤维加入搅拌机中,开启搅拌机,搅拌速度为700rpm,搅拌时间12min;其中纳米二氧化硅粉末平均粒径30~40nm,红外遮光剂为硅酸锆和钛白粉,两者重量比为1:1,优选平均粒径4μm,无机纤维为高硅氧纤维,纤维平均直径为8μm。搅拌完成后,将物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型,液压机压力为400MPa,保压时间为70s。
对比实施例3
称取90重量份纳米二氧化硅粉末、8重量份红外遮光剂和2重量份无机纤维加入搅拌机中,开启搅拌机,搅拌速度为800rpm,搅拌时间10min;其中纳米二氧化硅粉末平均粒径30~40nm,红外遮光剂为碳化硅和炭黑,两者重量比为1:1,优选平均粒径6μm,无机纤维为硅酸铝纤维,纤维平均直径为5μm。搅拌完成后,将物料输送至成型模具内,使用液压机压制成型,液压机压力为500MPa,保压时间为60s。
实验例
将本发明实施例1-3制备得到的纳米复合隔热板依次编号为A、B、C,将对比实施例1-3制备的样品编号为D、E、F。分别测试样品的体积密度和平均500℃导热系数,得到如表1所示数据:
表1本发明实施例1~3和对比实施例1~3中样品的性能数据
表中数据显示,本发明所述的高度均一性的纳米微孔隔热板(A、B、C)平均500℃导热系数不超过0.027W/(m·K),绝热效果优异。对比例1-3制备的样品D、E、F在配方完全相同的条件下,在相同检测条件下导热系数大。本发明方案制备的样品导热系数相比于对比例制备的样品降低10%以上,绝热性能优势提升明显。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将纳米二氧化硅加入改性剂溶液,改性后进行干燥,得到改性纳米二氧化硅;
所述改性剂为聚丙烯酰胺和/或聚丙烯酸钠;
所述改性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.05~0.5%;
B)以重量份数计,将80~90份改性后的纳米二氧化硅、8~15份红外遮光剂和2~5份无机纤维搅拌混合,得到混合物料;
C)将所述混合物料压制成型,进行煅烧,得到高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化硅的平均粒径为30~40nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A)中干燥的温度为100~120℃;
所述步骤A)中干燥的时间为4~6h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述红外遮光剂为碳化硅、炭黑、硅酸锆和钛白粉中的一种或几种;
所述红外遮光剂的粒径为3~6μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机纤维为玻璃纤维、高硅氧纤维和陶瓷纤维中的一种或几种;
所述玻璃纤维和高硅氧纤维的纤维直径为7~9μm;
所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径为3~5μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B)中搅拌的速度为600~800rpm;
所述步骤B)中搅拌的时间为10~15min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C)中压制成型的压力为300~500MPa;
所述步骤C)中压制成型的保压时间为60~90s。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C)中煅烧的温度为500~700℃;
所述步骤C)中煅烧的时间为0.5~1h。
9.一种高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板,按照权利要求1~8任意一项所述的制备方法制得;
所述高度均一性纳米微孔隔热板的孔径大小为平均孔径大小为40~60nm;孔径40~60nm的微孔占比大于80%。
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CN111848209A (zh) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-30 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | 一种常压干燥的纳米隔热材料及其制备工艺 |
CN111848209B (zh) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-05-09 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | 一种常压干燥的纳米隔热材料及其制备工艺 |
CN115432726A (zh) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-12-06 | 南通江山新能科技有限公司 | 一种改性纳米氧化铝及其制备方法和应用 |
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