CN111018523A - 一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件 - Google Patents

一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件 Download PDF

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CN111018523A
CN111018523A CN201911233383.6A CN201911233383A CN111018523A CN 111018523 A CN111018523 A CN 111018523A CN 201911233383 A CN201911233383 A CN 201911233383A CN 111018523 A CN111018523 A CN 111018523A
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nitrate
sodium
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niobium
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叶芬
江向平
成昊
黄枭坤
聂鑫
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Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,包括以下步骤:S1):铌酸钠浓度设定为1‑3g/30ml,将含钠离子水溶性化合物和含铌离子溶液溶于一定量的去离子水中,加入一定量掺杂化合物,通过磁力搅拌器混合均匀后,加入高分子网络剂,并搅拌30‑60分钟,在80‑120℃温度下水浴1.5‑3小时,最后在100‑110℃温度下干燥6‑12小时,得到干凝胶;S2):将干凝胶放在陶瓷坩埚中,以2‑5℃/min的速度升温,本发明提供一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法,原料的混合度均匀,且无需进行球磨可直接得到超细的粉体样品,降低了制备成本,节约了制备时间,该压电陶瓷压电性能优,可以用于制备自发电元件,用于各种频繁受压力的场合来发电。

Description

一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件
技术领域
本发明涉及无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷制备技术领域,具体为一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件。
背景技术
压电陶瓷是一种能够将机械能和电能互相转换的信息功能陶瓷材料,压电陶瓷除具有压电性外,还具有介电性、弹性等,已被广泛用于医学成像、声传感器、声换能器、超声马达等,将无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷添加到极性较高的薄膜材料中,能够提高它的储能密度,用于压力感应单元时,压电陶瓷受的力越大,极化越明显,表面感应的电荷越大,通过信号放大器放大后,可间接知道压力大小,而且感应精确,无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法主要分为固相法、水热法、胶凝胶法和Pechini法,固相法制备时,球磨次数多,合成的温度高,且容易进入杂质,水热法制备时,耗费的时间长,需要不断的冲洗,胶凝胶法制备时,水会使原料发生醇解而影响反应物的合成,使用Pechini法进行制备则成本过高,不利于无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷,提供一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,无需进行球磨可直接得到超细样品,降低了制备成本,减少了制备时间,可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
本发明提供一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法:包括以下步骤:
S1):铌酸钠浓度设定为1-3g/30ml,将含钠离子水溶性化合物和含铌离子溶液溶于一定量的去离子水中,加入一定量掺杂化合物,通过磁力搅拌器混合均匀后,加入高分子网络剂,并搅拌30-60分钟,在80-120℃温度下水浴1.5-3小时,最后在100-110℃温度下干燥6-12小时,得到干凝胶;
S2):将干凝胶放在陶瓷坩埚中,以2-5℃/min的速度升温,在500-750℃温度下保温120-180分钟,得到粒径为0.06-1.5微米的粉料;
S3):在粒径为1微米左右的粉料中添加同组粒径为0.06-1微米的粉料,粒径细的粉料质量百分比为10-20%,混合均匀后,在粉料中加入一定溶度的PVA溶液,造粒陈腐24小时左右,在磨具中以100-200MPa的压强压制成型得到素坯;
S4):将高温炉预先加热到1100-1380℃,将素坯迅速放进高温炉中,保温30-60分钟,然后取出放到空气中冷却,得到粒径较细的样品;
S5):将样品抛光,通过离子溅射喷金或喷银来镀电极,经过高压极化后的样品的压电常数为40-400pC/N。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述含铌离子溶液为草酸铌铵溶液,对应的钠离子来源可以是氯化钠、碳酸钠、硝酸钠等可以在水中溶解的含钠化合物,草酸铌铵溶液能够提供所需的铌离子。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述含铌离子溶液由五氧化二铌和氢氟酸组成,对应的钠离子来源是氯化钠,五氧化二铌与氢氟酸以摩尔比大于20进行称量,称取后放到特氟龙容器中,在高温高压反应釜中,以100-130℃反应10-14小时,制得完全溶解的含铌离子溶液,此为含铌离子溶液的第二种制备方法。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述掺杂化合物为含稀土的可溶性硝酸盐、硝酸钡、硝酸铅、硝酸锶、硝酸铜,硝酸镍、硝酸铝、硝酸铋、硝酸铁、硝酸镁、硝酸银、硝酸钙、硫酸钛等可溶于水,且在酸性条件下稳定的离子化合物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述高分子网络剂由丙烯酰胺单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵在水溶液中合成,丙烯酰胺单体的溶度为1.5-2.0mol/L,丙烯酰胺单体与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺质量比为3:1至8:1,过硫酸铵的溶度为10-60mg/6ml。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,利用高分子网络凝胶法制备铌酸钠基压电陶瓷粉体,原料混合均匀,得到的粉体的形貌和粒径可控,且通过热处理后不需要进行球磨,直接得到超细的粉体样品,与传统固相法比,减少了球磨次数,从而减少了杂质的引入,降低了合成温度,与水热法相比,耗费时间更少,且不需要反复冲洗,与溶胶凝胶法相比,不需要担心水的引入使原料发生醇解而影响反应物的合成,并且不需要进行球磨,节省制备时间,与Pechini法相比,减少了无机物的添加量,降低了生产成本,有利于制备出质量优秀的无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的自发电元件图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供以下技术方案:
实施例一:
一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1):铌酸钠浓度设定为1g/30ml,将含钠离子水溶性化合物和含铌离子溶液溶于一定量的去离子水中,含铌离子溶液选用草酸铌铵溶液,含钠离子水溶性化合物选用氯化钠,加入一定量掺杂化合物,掺杂化合物为含稀土的可溶性硝酸盐离子化合物,通过磁力搅拌器混合均匀后,加入高分子网络剂,高分子网络剂由丙烯酰胺单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵在水溶液中合成,丙烯酰胺单体的溶度为1.5mol/L,丙烯酰胺单体与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺质量比为3:1,过硫酸铵的溶度为10mg/6ml,并搅拌30分钟,在80℃温度下水浴1.5小时,最后在100℃温度下干燥6小时,得到干凝胶;
S2):将干凝胶放在陶瓷坩埚中,以2℃/min的速度升温,在500℃温度下保温120分钟,得到粒径为0.06-1.5微米的粉料;
S3):在粒径为1微米左右的粉料中添加同组粒径为0.06微米的粉料,粒径细的粉料质量百分比为10%,混合均匀后,在粉料中加入一定溶度的PVA溶液,造粒陈腐24小时左右,在磨具中以100MPa的压强压制成型得到素坯;
S4):将高温炉预先加热到1100℃,将素坯迅速放进高温炉中,保温30分钟,然后取出放到空气中冷却,得到粒径较细的样品;
S5):将样品抛光,通过离子溅射喷金来镀电极,经过高压极化后的样品的压电常数为40-400pC/N。
实施例二:
一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1):铌酸钠浓度设定为2g/30ml,将含钠离子水溶性化合物和含铌离子溶液溶于一定量的去离子水中,含铌离子溶液由五氧化二铌和氢氟酸组成,含钠离子水溶性化合物选用氯化钠,五氧化二铌与氢氟酸以摩尔比大于20进行称量,称取后放到特氟龙容器中,在高温高压反应釜中,以100℃反应10小时,制得完全溶解的含铌离子溶液,加入一定量掺杂化合物,掺杂化合物为含稀土的硫酸钛离子化合物,通过磁力搅拌器混合均匀后,加入高分子网络剂,高分子网络剂由丙烯酰胺单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵在水溶液中合成,丙烯酰胺单体的溶度为1.75mol/L,丙烯酰胺单体与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺质量比为5:1,过硫酸铵的溶度为40mg/6ml,并搅拌45分钟,在100℃温度下水浴2.25小时,最后在105温度下干燥8小时,得到干凝胶;
S2):将干凝胶放在陶瓷坩埚中,以3.5℃/min的速度升温,在625℃温度下保温150分钟,得到粒径为0.78微米的粉料;
S3):在粒径为1微米左右的粉料中添加同组粒径为0.53微米的粉料,粒径细的粉料质量百分比为15%,混合均匀后,在粉料中加入一定溶度的PVA溶液,造粒陈腐24小时左右,在磨具中以150MPa的压强压制成型得到素坯;
S4):将高温炉预先加热到1200℃,将素坯迅速放进高温炉中,保温45分钟,然后取出放到空气中冷却,得到粒径较细的样品;
S5):将样品抛光,通过离子溅射喷银来镀电极,经过高压极化后的样品的压电常数为40-400pC/N。
实施例三:
一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1):铌酸钠浓度设定为3g/30ml,将含钠离子水溶性化合物和含铌离子溶液溶于一定量的去离子水中,含铌离子溶液由五氧化二铌和氢氟酸组成,含钠离子水溶性化合物选用氯化钠,五氧化二铌与氢氟酸以摩尔比大于20进行称量,称取后放到特氟龙容器中,在高温高压反应釜中,以130℃反应14小时,制得完全溶解的含铌离子溶液,加入一定量掺杂化合物,掺杂化合物为硝酸铅离子化合物,通过磁力搅拌器混合均匀后,加入高分子网络剂,高分子网络剂由丙烯酰胺单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵在水溶液中合成,丙烯酰胺单体的溶度为2.0mol/L,丙烯酰胺单体与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺质量比为8:1,过硫酸铵的溶度为60mg/6ml,并搅拌60分钟,在120℃温度下水浴3小时,最后在110℃温度下干燥12小时,得到干凝胶;
S2):将干凝胶放在陶瓷坩埚中,以5℃/min的速度升温,在750℃温度下保温180分钟,得到粒径为1.5微米的粉料;
S3):在粒径为1微米左右的粉料中添加同组粒径为1微米的粉料,粒径细的粉料质量百分比为20%,混合均匀后,在粉料中加入一定溶度的PVA溶液,造粒陈腐24小时左右,在磨具中以200MPa的压强压制成型得到素坯;
S4):将高温炉预先加热到1380℃,将素坯迅速放进高温炉中,保温60分钟,然后取出放到空气中冷却,得到粒径较细的样品;
S5):将样品抛光,通过离子溅射喷金来镀电极,经过高压极化后的样品的压电常数为40-400pC/N。
本发明好处:本无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法,能低成本的制备出无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷,同时在原料混合时混合的更加均匀,得到的粉体的形貌和粒径可控,并且在热处理后不需要进行球磨,可以直接得到超细粉体样品,降低了制备的工作强度,提高了制备效率。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1):铌酸钠浓度设定为1-3g/30ml,将含钠离子水溶性化合物和含铌离子溶液溶于一定量的去离子水中,加入一定量掺杂化合物,通过磁力搅拌器混合均匀后,加入高分子网络剂,并搅拌30-60分钟,在80-120℃温度下水浴1.5-3小时,最后在100-110℃温度下干燥6-12小时,得到干凝胶;
S2):将干凝胶放在陶瓷坩埚中,以2-5℃/min的速度升温,在500-750℃温度下保温120-180分钟,得到粒径为0.06-1.5微米的粉料;
S3):在粒径为1微米左右的粉料中添加同组粒径为0.06-1微米的粉料,粒径细的粉料质量百分比为10-20%,混合均匀后,在粉料中加入一定溶度的PVA溶液,造粒陈腐24小时左右,在磨具中以100-200MPa的压强压制成型得到素坯;
S4):将高温炉预先加热到1100-1380℃,将素坯迅速放进高温炉中,保温30-60分钟,然后取出放到空气中冷却,得到粒径较细的样品;
S5):将样品抛光,通过离子溅射喷金或喷银来镀电极,经过高压极化后的样品的压电常数为40-400pC/N。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,其特征在于:所述含铌离子溶液为草酸铌铵溶液,对应的钠离子来源可以是氯化钠、碳酸钠、硝酸钠等可以在水中溶解的含钠化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,其特征在于:所述含铌离子溶液由五氧化二铌和氢氟酸组成,对应的钠离子来源是氯化钠,五氧化二铌与氢氟酸以摩尔比大于20进行称量,称取后放到特氟龙容器中,在高温高压反应釜中,以100-130℃反应10-14小时,制得完全溶解的含铌离子溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,其特征在于:所述掺杂化合物为含稀土的可溶性硝酸盐、硝酸钡、硝酸铅、硝酸锶、硝酸铜,硝酸镍、硝酸铝、硝酸铋、硝酸铁、硝酸镁、硝酸银、硝酸钙、硫酸钛等可溶于水,且在酸性条件下稳定的离子化合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无铅铌酸钠基压电陶瓷的制备方法及自发电元件,其特征在于:所述高分子网络剂由丙烯酰胺单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵在水溶液中合成,丙烯酰胺单体的溶度为1.5-2.0mol/L,丙烯酰胺单体与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺质量比为3:1至8:1,过硫酸铵的溶度为10-60mg/6ml。
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