CN111011149A - Tobacco seedling transplanting method based on cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology - Google Patents
Tobacco seedling transplanting method based on cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011149A CN111011149A CN201911219201.XA CN201911219201A CN111011149A CN 111011149 A CN111011149 A CN 111011149A CN 201911219201 A CN201911219201 A CN 201911219201A CN 111011149 A CN111011149 A CN 111011149A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cup-cover type well cellar tobacco seedling transplanting method, which comprises the steps of soil conservation, strong seedling cultivation, fertilization and ridging, well cellar manufacturing, tobacco seedling transplanting, drenching and applying a rooting fertilizer liquid medicine, cup cover placing, seedling checking and pocket supplementing, hole opening, cup uncovering and hilling and cup cover recycling. The traditional well cellar type transplanting method is improved. By combining a green manure deep-turning technology and deep-turning for more than 35cm, the environment and nutrient substances required by root growth of the well cellar type transplanted tobacco plants are fully ensured, the purposes of quality improvement and aroma enhancement of tobacco leaves are realized, and the problems of poor seedling development, poor quality and plant diseases and insect pests are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting, in particular to a tobacco seedling transplanting method based on a cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology.
Background
The cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology is a combination of a well cellar transplanting technology and a cup cover mulching film replacing technology, well cellars with proper specifications are manufactured on ridge bodies, young seedlings with proper age are transplanted into the well cellars, sufficient root fixing water and fertilizer are poured, a specially-made cup cover is used for replacing a mulching film to be buckled on a well mouth, the cup cover is taken out when tobacco seedlings grow for 10-15 days and tobacco cores of the tobacco seedlings are 1-2 cm higher than the mouth of the well cellar, and the early-growing and fast-growing of the tobacco seedlings are realized.
The technology is firstly researched and popularized in the southwest tobacco district, and good effect is achieved. After the cup cover type transplanting is used, the problems of timely early planting and centralized transplanting of tobacco seedlings are effectively solved, the times of leaf cutting and seedling supplementing are reduced, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. Under the protection of the cup cover, the tobacco seedlings can effectively resist the infection of hail, heavy rain and plant diseases and insect pests, the tobacco plants are strong, and the occurrence rate of root diseases is reduced. Compared with mulching film tobacco planting, the cup cover is easy to recover and can be reused for 3-4 years, the investment of tobacco growers on materials can be effectively reduced, labor and cost are saved, and especially, the production mode of tobacco leaves is pushed to resource saving and environment-friendly conversion.
The Huang-Huai area is a large agricultural development area in China, and the usage amount of the mulching film is the first place in China. The large amount of residual mulching film seriously threatens the agricultural production and the ecological environment of the area. Therefore, finding alternative techniques for mulching has become an important task. In the production process of tobacco leaves, the well cellar cup cover type transplanting is selected to replace the traditional mulching film tobacco planting, so that the heat preservation and the moisture preservation can be realized, the early growth and the fast growth of tobacco seedlings, pepper seedlings and the like can be promoted, and the strong seedlings can be realized. And the cup cover replaces the mulching film, so that the step of taking off the mulching film is omitted, the residual quantity of the mulching film is reduced, the labor and cost are reduced, and the white pollution is reduced. In view of this, the technology is also gradually popularized in Huang-Huai-Yan district (mainly Henan and Shandong), and replaces the traditional plastic film mulching technology. However, in the process of technical popularization, technicians find that the ecological climate, the terrain and the like of the southwest tobacco area are greatly different from those of the Huang-Huai tobacco area, and the transplanting technology applicable to the southwest tobacco area is not applicable to the Huang-Huai tobacco area, so that the phenomena of poor seedling development and poor quality of tobacco seedlings and serious diseases and insect pests are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a tobacco seedling transplanting method based on a cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology, which is suitable for tobacco seedling transplanting in Huang-Huai tobacco district.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tobacco seedling transplanting method based on a cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology comprises the following steps:
soil conservation: sowing rape seeds at 2 kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage, smashing and turning when the fresh weight of the biomass reaches 1200 kg/mu, wherein the depth of the smashing and turning is more than 30 cm.
Culturing strong seedlings: and (4) seedling raising and transplanting are carried out according to the flue-cured tobacco floating seedling raising technical specification.
Fertilizing and ridging: after all compound fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer and 70% potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer to be spread, ridging is carried out while the soil is wet, and the ridging standard is as follows: the width of the ridge bottom is 70-90 cm, the width of the ridge top is 35-40 cm, the height of the ridge top is 30cm, and the ridge distance is 1.2 m.
Well cellar production: and (3) well cellar standard: the cellar opening is circular, the diameter is 8-9 cm, the height is 19-21 cm, and peripheral soil does not fall off.
Transplanting tobacco seedlings: transplanting is finished 10 days in advance on the basis of conventional transplanting in the current year, and transplanting density is executed according to the standard of 1100 plants/mu on the premise of reducing nitrogen.
Spraying and applying a root fertilizer and a medicinal liquid: the potassium nitrate and the medicinal water for preventing and treating the underground pests are mixed uniformly and sprayed down along the wall of a well, 1-3L of the mixture is poured into each well, the concentration is reduced as much as possible, and the condition that roots are not damaged is ensured.
Placing a cup cover: and (4) reversely buckling the cup cover on the well cellar, wherein the height of the enclosing soil reaches one third of the height of the cup cover, and compacting the edge.
Seedling checking and pocket supplementing: and (4) within 1 week after transplanting, checking and supplementing seedlings in time, observing weak seedlings and dead seedlings, selecting healthy tobacco seedlings, supplementing into the well, spraying water and fertilizer liquid medicine, and covering the cup cover again.
Opening a hole: and (4) timely opening the air holes according to weather change conditions, and puncturing the air holes on two sides of the top of the cup cover to ventilate and cool the tobacco seedlings.
Uncovering the cup for hilling: and (5) after 15-20 days of transplanting, when the growing point of the tobacco seedling exceeds the well mouth by 2-3 cm, uncovering the cup cover and synchronously sealing the well with soil after 5 pm in cloudy or clear weather.
And (3) recovering the cup cover: and (4) taking off the cup cover, soaking the cup cover for two minutes by using 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, washing the cup cover, airing and storing the cup cover for the next year.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the traditional well cellar type transplanting method is improved by combining the ecological climate conditions and cultivation habits of Huang-Huai-Yan (Shandong and Henan). The well cellar type transplanting can stimulate the root system of the tobacco to grow and the root system to prick downwards, so that the well cellar type transplanting combines a green manure deep turning technology, deeply turns over more than 30cm, and has a ridging height of about 30cm, so that the environment and nutrient substances required by the root system growth of the well cellar type transplanted tobacco plant can be fully ensured, the purposes of quality improvement and aroma enhancement of the tobacco are realized, and the problems of poor seedling development, poor quality and plant diseases and insect pests are solved.
More preferably: in the step of spraying root fertilizer and water, 1-3L of pouring water in each well means that 1L of pouring water is carried out when the ridge bodies are in a better soil moisture content, 2L of pouring water is carried out when the ridge bodies are in a medium soil moisture content, and 3L of pouring water is carried out when the ridge bodies are in a poor soil moisture content.
By adopting the technical scheme, the concentration is reduced as much as possible, and the root is not damaged.
More preferably: and 5, before 1 day of 5 months, the southern tobacco area in the cupped hilling area is uncovered, and other areas calculate the cup uncovering time according to the transplanting time.
By adopting the technical scheme, different from traditional well cellar transplanting, the early-stage temperature change of the Huang-Huai-Yan zone is large, and high and low temperatures are continuously alternated, so that the tobacco seedlings are ensured to grow in the cup cover for 15-20 days to avoid cold damage.
More preferably: the cup cover comprises a cup body and a cup bottom, the lower portion of the cup body is provided with a cup bottom edge, the cup bottom edge and the cup bottom are connected into a whole, the upper portion of the cup body is provided with an air hole, and the inner diameter of the upper portion of the cup body is smaller than that of the cup bottom.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cup cover can promote the early growth and quick growth of tobacco seedlings, reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, save labor and cost, improve quality and increase aroma.
More preferably: the upper portion both sides of cup all are seted up the gas pocket that can close and open.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the usable finger of gas pocket is stabbed, sets up the gas pocket in both sides, prevents that the tobacco seedling from breathing and produce steam, concentrates the tobacco seedling that burns that falls down, transplants the later stage and meets special high temperature weather, and the gas pocket is stabbed to the finger, lets the tobacco seedling carry out two-way breathing and takes a breath, can effectively deal with the special high temperature weather of 4 ~ 5 months in Huanghuai tobacco district.
The method is further optimized as follows: the wall thickness of the cup body is less than 0.12mm, and the light transmittance reaches more than 90%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the light transmittance of the cup body is ensured to reach more than 90%, the tobacco seedlings absorb sunlight, and the rapid root stretching and seedling returning are realized.
The method is further optimized as follows: the inner diameter of the upper part of the cup body is 8.5 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, enough growth space is provided for the tobacco seedlings, the tobacco seedlings can be guaranteed to grow for 20 days in the well cellar, the low temperature in 4-5 months is avoided, and cold damage is prevented.
The method is further optimized as follows: the inner diameter of the cup bottom is 11 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, enough growth space is provided for the tobacco seedlings, the tobacco seedlings can be guaranteed to grow for 20 days in the well cellar, the low temperature in 4 months is avoided, and cold damage is prevented.
The method is further optimized as follows: the width of the edge of the cup bottom is 0.8cm, and the thickness of the edge of the cup bottom is 0.04 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the cup cover is buckled, the cup cover is compacted by using soil, the edge of the cup opening is large and thick, the weight and the stability of the lower part of the cup are increased, and the cup is prevented from being blown away by strong wind.
The method is further optimized as follows: the total weight of the cup cover is less than 15 g.
By adopting the technical scheme, cost reduction and efficiency saving are positively realized; meanwhile, the device can be repeatedly used, the utilization rate is improved, and the pollution is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cup cover of an embodiment;
wherein: 1-pores; 3-the cup body; 4-the bottom of the cup; 5-edge of the cup bottom.
Detailed Description
A tobacco seedling transplanting method based on a cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology comprises the following steps:
1. soil conservation: after crops are harvested in the middle ten days of 8 months to 9 months of the last year, after stubble ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing rape seeds at 2 kg/mu, and when the fresh weight of the crops reaches 1200 kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage, smashing, turning over and pressing at a depth of more than 30 cm.
2. Culturing strong seedlings: and (4) seedling according to the floating seedling technical specification of the flue-cured tobacco. Transplanting seedling standard: the seedlings are 45-50 days old, the leaves are cut for 1 time, the water is cut off for hardening the seedlings 5-7 days in advance, the stem height is 5-7 cm, the functional leaves are 3-4, the root system is developed, diseases and insects are avoided, and the stress resistance is good.
3. Fertilizing and ridging: and 3, before 10 days after the 3 months, spraying all compound fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer and 70% potassium sulfate as base fertilizer, ridging while the soil is moist, wherein the ridging standard is as follows: the width of the bottom of each ridge is 70-90 cm, the width of the top of each ridge is 35-40 cm, the height of each ridge is 30cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1.2m, the ridges are flat and straight, the ridge soil is finely crushed, and the ridge bodies are full. The early ridging is to be achieved as far as possible, because rainfall in Huang-Huai-Yan zone in 1-3 months is rare, ridging can be selected before spring festival, the ridge bodies are enabled to be naturally drenched or covered with ice and snow, the ridge bodies are guaranteed to be tamped, and the soil is prevented from falling and the ridge bodies are prevented from collapsing when the pit is dug.
4. Well cellar production: selecting ridge bodies with better soil moisture content 3-5 days before transplanting, marking and positioning holes (Yunyan 87, plant spacing refers to 50cm), and then manufacturing a well cellar by using a well cellar hole digging machine, wherein the well cellar standard is as follows: the cellar opening is circular, the diameter is 8-9 cm, the height is 19-21 cm, and the peripheral soil does not fall.
5. Transplanting tobacco seedlings: transplanting in Henan tobacco region 4 months and 15 days before, and transplanting in other production regions 10 days before conventional transplanting. When transplanting, the selected healthy tobacco seedlings with uniform growth vigor are vertically placed into a cellar. Transplanting density of Yunyan 87 is performed according to 1100 strains/mu standard, and other varieties are performed according to local standard.
6. Spraying and applying a root fertilizer and a medicinal liquid: uniformly mixing a certain amount of potassium nitrate and medicinal water for preventing and treating underground pests, and pouring 1-3L (1L for better soil moisture content of ridge bodies, medium 2L and poor 3L) along the wall of a well, namely pouring 1-3L for each well means that 1L is poured when the ridge bodies are in the better soil moisture content, 2L is poured when the ridge bodies are in the medium soil moisture content, and 3L is poured when the ridge bodies are in the poor soil moisture content, so that the concentration is reduced as much as possible, and roots are not damaged. Different from the southwest tobacco zone, the rainfall amount in the Huang-Huai-tobacco zone in 4-5 months is less, so the dosage of root fixing water should be increased.
7. Placing a cup cover: after transplanting, the cup cover developed in a matching way is reversely buckled on the well cellar, the cup cover is lightly covered by soil around the cup cover by both hands, the height of the soil is one third of the height of the cup cover, and the edge is compacted (the edge is compacted certainly to prevent the later period from being blown away by strong wind)
8. Seedling checking and pocket supplementing: and (5) timely checking and replenishing the seedlings within 1 week after transplanting. Weak seedling and dead seedling are observed, healthy tobacco seedlings are selected to be supplemented into the well, water and fertilizer liquid medicine is sprayed, and the cup cover is buckled again.
9. Timely drilling holes: the air holes are opened in due time according to the weather change, when the high-temperature weather occurs, the air holes on the two sides of the top of the cup cover can be punctured by fingers, and the tobacco seedlings are ventilated and cooled; if special weather with high temperature is not met, the air holes are not opened.
10. Uncovering the cup for hilling: and (5) when the growing point of the tobacco seedling exceeds the well mouth by 2-3 cm after 15-20 days of transplanting, uncovering the cup cover (5 months and 1 day before the tobacco area in south Henan, and calculating the cup uncovering time according to the transplanting time in other areas) after 5 pm in cloudy or clear weather, and synchronously sealing the well with soil. Different from traditional well cellar transplanting, the temperature change in the early stage of the Huang-Huai-Yan region is large, and high and low temperatures are continuously alternated, so that the tobacco seedlings are ensured to grow in the cup cover for 15-20 days to avoid cold damage.
11. The cup covers are collected, soaked for two minutes in 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, washed clean with tap water, dried and stored for use in the next year.
The traditional well cellar type transplanting method is improved by combining the ecological climate conditions and cultivation habits of Huang-Huai tobacco areas (Shandong and Henan), and the well cellar transplanting ridging time, the root fixing water consumption and the cup uncovering time of the Huang-Huai tobacco areas are determined. The green manure deep-turning technology is combined, the deep-turning is carried out for more than 30cm, the environment and nutrient substances required by the root growth of the well cellar type transplanted tobacco plants are fully ensured, and the quality and aroma enhancement of the tobacco leaves are realized. Solves the problems of poor seedling development, poor quality and diseases and insect pests of tobacco seedlings.
The cup cover comprises a cup body 3 and a cup bottom 4, the lower portion of the cup body 3 is provided with a cup bottom edge 5, the cup bottom edge 5 and the cup bottom 4 are connected into a whole, the upper portion of the cup body 3 is provided with an air hole 1, and the inner diameter of the upper portion of the cup body 3 is smaller than that of the cup bottom 4.
The diameter of the upper caliber of the cup body 3 is 8.5cm, the inner diameter of the lower opening is 11cm, enough growth space is provided for tobacco seedlings, the tobacco seedlings can be guaranteed to grow for 20 days in the well, the low temperature in 4 months can be avoided, and cold damage is prevented.
There is 2 0.8cm gas pockets in the both sides on cup 3's upper portion, can stab with the finger, sets up the gas pocket in both sides, prevents that the tobacco seedling from breathing and producing steam, concentrates the tobacco seedling that burns that falls, and the transplantation later stage meets special high temperature weather, and the gas pocket is punctured to the finger, lets the tobacco seedling carry out two-way breathing and takes a breath, can effectively deal with the special high temperature weather of 4 ~ 5 months in yellow huai tobacco district.
The width of the lower aperture edge of the cup body 3 is 0.8cm, the edge thickness is 0.04cm, after the cup cover is buckled, the cup cover is compacted by using soil, the edge of the cup bottom is 5cm large and thick, the weight and the stability of the lower part of the cup are increased, and the cup is prevented from being blown away by strong wind.
The wall thickness of the cup body 3 is 0.12mm, the light transmittance of the cup body 3 is ensured to reach more than 90%, and the tobacco seedlings absorb sunlight to realize quick root extension and seedling return.
The total weight of the cup cover is not more than 15g, the price is controlled to be 0.2 yuan/cup cover, and cost reduction and efficiency saving are really realized; meanwhile, the material can be reused for 3-4 times, so that the utilization rate is improved, and the pollution is reduced.
The cup cover is utilized to be developed according to the transplanting period of tobacco seedlings in Huang-Huai tobacco district and the change condition of ecological climate in cooperation with the growth of the tobacco seedlings. The cup cover provides a suitable small greenhouse for tobacco seedling growth, ensures timely early planting, promotes root system downward pricking, and is windproof, rainproof and insect-proof. The cup cover replaces a mulching film, and labor cost for later mulching film uncovering is reduced. Meanwhile, after the cup cover is cleaned and dried, the cup cover can be recycled, and white pollution is reduced.
The tobacco seedling cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology demonstration is carried out in the rural area in the city of south-yang of Henan province, 3 comparative examples are set, and the technical scheme of the application is described by comparing the following 3 comparative examples:
comparative example 1, the technical method of the invention and the associated cup cover used;
comparative example 2, southwest smoking area cup cover;
comparative example 3, conventional mulch film cultivation tobacco;
the total cell area of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 was 0.5 acre (333 square meters).
And planting green manure in 2017 in 9 months, and deeply turning over for 35cm in 12 months. And 2, sowing Yunyan 87 floating seedlings in 15 days in 2 months. 40kg of compound fertilizer, 50kg of sesame cake fertilizer and 25kg of potassium sulfate are broadcast in 10 days after 3 months, land preparation and ridging are carried out, the height of each ridge is 30cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1.2m, and the distance between every two lineation and hole setting plants is 50 cm.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 a well cellar was made using a special well cellar hole digger, well cellar standard: the pit opening is round, the diameter is 8.5cm, the height is about 20cm, and 400 pit pits are manufactured. And (3) digging large holes by a machine when ridging is carried out, and manufacturing 200 tobacco holes. 4, 7 days in 2017, namely 50 days in seedling age, selecting healthy tobacco seedlings with uniform growth vigor after water and fertilizer are cut off for 5 days, vertically putting the healthy tobacco seedlings into a cellar, spraying root-setting fertilizer liquid medicine, randomly and reversely buckling the cup covers and 400 cup covers in the southwest tobacco area on the cellar, and compacting and sealing the edges by soil. Meanwhile, mulching film tobacco planting is carried out according to local conventional operation.
When the tobacco seedlings grow under the cup until the distance between heart leaves and the top of the cup cover is 2-3 cm, taking down the cup cover, observing 600 tobacco seedlings and the growth condition, and obtaining the following results:
1. the cup covers of the invention number 200 and are completely buckled on the well cellar. The number of the cup covers in the southwest smoke area is 185, and 15 cup covers are blown away by wind.
2. According to the invention, the tobacco seedlings of the cup cover are 2-3 cm away from the cup cover, and the leaf color is positive green; the leaf at the top of the tobacco seedling in the cup cover of the southwest tobacco area is tightly attached to the wall of the cup cover, and the phenomena of seedling pressing and yellowing occur.
3. The cup cover has less water vapor, and tobacco seedlings and tobacco leaves grow normally; the cup cover in the southwest smoking area has large water vapor amount, and yellow scald spots are more on the top leaves.
4. The cup cover has the advantages that 198 tobacco seedlings survive and 2 tobacco seedlings die, the tobacco seedlings grow well and uniformly, 194 tobacco seedlings survive and 6 tobacco seedlings die in the southwest tobacco area, and the tobacco seedlings grow weakly and are poor in uniformity. 168 tobacco plants survived after mulching film tobacco planting, so that 32 tobacco plants wither and die, and the tobacco seedlings grow unevenly.
5. The cup cover tobacco seedling leaves are extended; the tobacco seedling leaf folds in the cup cover of the southwest tobacco zone are twisted. Mulching film planting tobacco seedling leaf folds and manually digging out seedlings.
6. In the invention, the stem of the cup cover tobacco seedling is upright and is not bent; the tobacco seedling stems in the cup cover of the southwest tobacco zone are bent in a large area.
7. The stem of the cup cover tobacco seedling is thick and strong, and the stem circumference is 2.8 cm; the stem circumference of the cup cover in the southwest tobacco zone is 2.5 cm. The stem circumference of the tobacco seedling planted with the mulching film is 2.3 cm.
Through statistics, the agronomic characters of the tobacco plants transplanted for 30 days are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 agronomic traits Table for 30-day transplanted tobacco plants
As can be seen from table 1, 30 days after transplantation, the main agronomic characteristics of the cup-shaped tobacco seedling of the invention, namely the number of leaves, the maximum leaf length, the maximum leaf width, the stem circumference, the dry root weight, the dry stem weight, the dry leaf weight and the longest root length, are represented as that the cup-shaped cover of the invention is a southwest cup-shaped cover and the seedling under-film transplantation is a small seedling. The cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology promotes the seedlings to grow quickly and early, and the cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology is better in growth vigor of tobacco seedlings. According to statistics, the amount of labor per mu (per unit) in different tobacco seedling transplanting modes is shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 amount of labor per mu under different tobacco seedling transplanting modes
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the manual hole digging adopted for under-mulch transplantation of seedlings, the well cellar type transplantation saves 0.2 of the labor amount for each field by adopting machine hole digging, 0.3 of the labor amount for using the southwest cup cover in the transplantation link, and 0.4 of the labor amount for using the cup cover in the invention; compared with the cover film, the labor for covering the cup cover in the southwest tobacco region is saved by 0.3, and the labor for covering the cup cover disclosed by the invention is saved by 0.4; compared with the uncovering of the mulching film, 0.5 of labor is saved for uncovering the cup cover in the southwest tobacco area and the cup cover, and the labor for earthing up in 3 transplanting modes is the same; overall, compared with the under-mulch transplanting technology of the plantlets, the method saves 1.7 accumulated labor for transplanting by using the southwest cup cover and 2 accumulated labor for transplanting by using the cup cover. The labor and the cost are saved in the true sense. Through statistics, the statistics of the incidence rate of diseases of rhizomes of tobacco plants under different tobacco seedling transplanting modes are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 incidence of diseases of tobacco plant rhizomes under different tobacco seedling transplanting modes
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the under-mulch transplanting technology of seedlings, the incidence of diseases of tobacco plant roots is remarkably reduced under the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology, the black shank and fusarium root rot of tobacco plants transplanted by using southwest cup cover are respectively reduced by 21.88% and 37.50%, and the black shank and fusarium root rot of tobacco plants transplanted by using the cup cover of the invention are respectively reduced by 31.32% and 54.17%. The cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology is adopted, so that the incidence rate of the root and stem diseases of the tobacco plants is effectively reduced.
Finally, the yield of the tobacco leaves with different transplanting modes is analyzed for economic benefit, and the following table 4 shows that:
TABLE 4 analysis of tobacco yield and economic benefit for different transplanting modes
As can be seen from Table 4, the cup cover transplanting technology of the present invention has the best effect, and the cup cover transplanting times in the southwest are both superior to the traditional mulching film transplanting technology. Compared with the traditional mulching film transplanting technology, after the cup cover transplanting technology is applied, the yield, the average price, the output value and the first-class tobacco ratio of the tobacco leaves are respectively increased by 4.83%, 1.77%, 6.68% and 1.58%. The cup cover transplanting type technology is applied to improve the yield of the tobacco yield value.
Compared with the mulching film tobacco planting technology, the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology can promote the early growth and the quick growth of tobacco seedlings, reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, save labor, reduce cost, improve quality and increase efficiency.
After the cup cover is used, compared with a cup cover in a tobacco area in the southwest, the cup cover disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the survival rate of tobacco seedlings under the cup cover is high, the color of smoke is greener, the leaves are extended, the stems are upright and thick, the root systems are developed, the disease resistance is enhanced, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is obviously reduced, the labor and cost are reduced, and the quality and the efficiency are improved. Therefore, the cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology and the use of a matched cup cover can be popularized in Huang-Huai-Yan district.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the invention, and it is not limited to the invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiment as necessary without inventive contribution after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by the patent law within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tobacco seedling transplanting method based on a cup cover type well cellar transplanting technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
soil conservation: sowing rape seeds at 2 kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage, smashing and turning when the fresh weight of the biomass reaches 1200 kg/mu, wherein the depth of the smashing and turning is more than 30 cm;
culturing strong seedlings: carrying out seedling raising and transplanting according to the floating seedling raising technical specification of the flue-cured tobacco;
fertilizing and ridging: after all the special compound fertilizer for tobacco, sesame cake fertilizer and 70% potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer to be spread, ridge forming is carried out before spring festival while the soil is wet, and the ridge forming standard is as follows: the width of the ridge bottom is 70-90 cm, the width of the ridge top is 35-40 cm, the height of the ridge top is 30cm, and the ridge distance is 1.2 m;
well cellar production: adopting a hole making machine to manufacture a well cellar, wherein the well cellar is standard: the opening of the cellar is round, the diameter is 8-9 cm, the height is 19-21 cm, and no soil falls in the cellar;
transplanting tobacco seedlings: transplanting is finished in advance by 10 days on the basis of conventional transplanting in the current year, and transplanting density is executed according to the standard of 1100 plants/mu on the premise of reducing nitrogen;
spraying and applying a root fertilizer and a medicinal liquid: uniformly mixing potassium nitrate and medicinal water for preventing and controlling underground pests, and pouring 1-3L of the mixture along the wall of a well, wherein the concentration is reduced as much as possible, and roots are prevented from being damaged;
placing a cup cover: the cup cover is reversely buckled on the well cellar, the height of the enclosing soil reaches one third of the height of the cup cover, and the edge is compacted;
seedling checking and pocket supplementing: timely checking and replenishing seedlings within 1 week after transplanting; observing weak seedling and dead seedling, selecting healthy tobacco seedling, adding into the well, spraying water and fertilizer liquid medicine, and covering the cup cover again;
opening a hole: timely opening the air holes according to the weather change condition, puncturing the air holes on two sides of the top of the cup cover, and ventilating and cooling the tobacco seedlings;
uncovering the cup for hilling: after 15-20 days of transplanting, when the growing point of the tobacco seedling exceeds the well mouth by 2-3 cm, opening the cup cover and synchronously sealing the well with soil after 5 pm in cloudy or clear weather;
and (3) recovering the cup cover: and (4) taking off the cup cover, soaking the cup cover for two minutes by using 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, washing the cup cover, airing and storing the cup cover for the next year.
2. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of spraying and applying root fertilizer and water, 1-3L of pouring in each well means that 1L of pouring is carried out when the ridge body is in better soil moisture content, 2L of pouring is carried out when the ridge body is in medium soil moisture content, and 3L of pouring is carried out when the ridge body is in poor soil moisture content.
3. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the cup uncovering hilling, before 5 months and 1 day, the cup uncovering time is calculated by other areas according to the transplanting time.
4. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cup cover comprises a cup body and a cup bottom, the lower portion of the cup body is provided with a cup bottom edge, the cup bottom edge and the cup bottom are connected into a whole, the upper portion of the cup body is provided with an air hole, and the inner diameter of the upper portion of the cup body is smaller than that of the cup bottom.
5. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the upper portion both sides of cup all are seted up the gas pocket that can close and open.
6. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the wall thickness of the cup body is less than 0.12mm, and the light transmittance reaches more than 90%.
7. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the upper inner diameter of the cup body is 8.5 cm.
8. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the inner diameter of the cup bottom is 11 cm.
9. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the width of the edge of the cup bottom is 0.8cm, and the thickness of the edge of the cup bottom is 0.04 cm.
10. The tobacco seedling transplanting method based on the cup-type well cellar transplanting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the total weight of the cup cover is less than 15 g.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111887119A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for transplanting tobacco seedlings in high-altitude mountain area |
| CN113079783A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-09 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Water, carbon, fertilizer and pesticide coupled flue-cured tobacco fertilization method |
| CN114503892A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Planting method capable of promoting root development of tobacco plants |
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| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN105052441A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司 | Method for planting tobacco |
| CN106804341A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco transplanting tobacco seedling growth cup cover and its application method |
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| CN104956891A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Under-film well cellar type seedling transplant method of cured tobacco |
| CN105052441A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司 | Method for planting tobacco |
| CN106804341A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco transplanting tobacco seedling growth cup cover and its application method |
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| CN111887119A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for transplanting tobacco seedlings in high-altitude mountain area |
| CN113079783A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-09 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Water, carbon, fertilizer and pesticide coupled flue-cured tobacco fertilization method |
| CN114503892A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Planting method capable of promoting root development of tobacco plants |
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