CN111011124A - Plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method - Google Patents
Plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011124A CN111011124A CN201911322327.XA CN201911322327A CN111011124A CN 111011124 A CN111011124 A CN 111011124A CN 201911322327 A CN201911322327 A CN 201911322327A CN 111011124 A CN111011124 A CN 111011124A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of planting methods, and particularly relates to a plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, selecting varieties; step S2, selecting a seedbed; step S3, preparing nutrient soil: preparing nutrient soil by using fine sieved soil and a decomposed organic fertilizer, fertilizing and sterilizing, filling soil in a nutrient bowl, and keeping in a seedbed or a 50-hole seedling tray, and sieving cover mud for later use; step S4, seed treatment; step S5, sowing seeds; step S6, seedling management: step S7, preparation before planting and planting: step S71, selecting a field; step S72, ploughing and applying a base fertilizer; step S73, land preparation and bed making: covering a shed film 10-15 days before planting; applying 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu according to the planting row position, and performing soil preparation and ridging; when the ground temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃, the field planting can be prepared; and step S74, planting and planting density. The invention has the advantages of early-maturing cultivation, good growth vigor, strong disease tolerance and high survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of planting methods, and particularly relates to a plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method.
Background
The melon honey is a first generation mating Japanese introduced spring and autumn dual-purpose variety in the world. Medium fruit type, high spherical shape of melon, and weight of single fruit is 1.5-2.0 kg. Has strong disease tolerance to powdery mildew and blight. The female flowers are stable in formation, good in fruit setting performance, harvested about 40 days after fruit setting, green in pulp, white in peel, 16-18 degrees in sugar degree, good in meat quality, good in taste, fragrant, sweet and juicy. But the planting in the prior art is mostly about 4 months. The plastic greenhouse early spring melon planting mode has two harvest modes, not only fills the blank of early spring and late autumn production of melons and vegetables, but also has the highest benefit in all plastic early spring and late autumn cultivation modes. Compared with open field cultivation, the muskmelon is put on the market 1 more months ahead of the spring in the first 6 th ten days of the spring, the fruit color is good, the quality is good, and the yield per mu is about 15 kg. The invention is specially used for cultivating the muskmelon in the plastic greenhouse with early maturing cultivation, strong disease tolerance and high survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a greenhouse muskmelon cultivation method which is early-maturing, good in growth vigor, strong in disease tolerance and high in survival rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method is carried out according to the following steps:
step S1, selecting varieties; selecting disease and insect resistant, easy fruit setting, good appearance and good internal quality variety, such as melon honey;
step S2, selecting a seedbed; the seedbed should be selected from fields which are close to the field planting place, are leeward and exposed to the sun, have slightly high topography and have no watermelon planted within 5 years.
Step S3, preparing nutrient soil: preparing nutrient soil by using screened fine soil and screened decomposed organic fertilizer, after the steps of fertilizing and sterilizing, filling soil in a nutrient bowl (with the diameter of 8cm multiplied by 10 cm) for later use in a seedbed or a 50-hole seedling tray, and screening cover mud for later use; wherein the screened fine soil is rice soil which is not planted with melons in the previous stubbles;
the fertilization and sterilization steps are that 500 kg of nutrient soil is applied with 15-25 kg of organic fertilizer,Calcium superphosphate is 5kg per mu (1000 m)2Each mu of field) 500 kg of nutrient soil was applied; spraying 800 times of 30% Miaojundi solution or 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution 5-7 days before sowing for disinfection, and sealing for more than 48 hours;
step S4, seed treatment; and putting the seeds into warm water of 55 ℃, rapidly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and soaking for 50 minutes. Cleaning mucus on the surface of the seeds. And (3) well wrapping the treated seeds with wet sand cloth, and putting the seeds under the condition of 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination. Sowing can be carried out when 80% of seeds expose radicles (commonly called as exposed white), and preferably when the radicles are 0.5 cm long.
Step S5, sowing: sowing greenhouse melons from late 1 month and last 2 months, watering seedbeds or 50 seedling trays thoroughly, covering mulching films and heating nutrition pot soil one day before sowing, firstly pricking a small hole with the depth of 1 cm in the middle of the nutrition pot, then flatly placing seeds on the nutrition pot, putting radicles into the small hole downwards, covering with nutrition soil along with sowing (20 g of cover mud mixed with 20g of seedling fungus enemies for disinfection), wherein the thickness of the cover soil is 1.0 cm; immediately covering a frame and a shed film after sowing, and covering a non-woven fabric for heat preservation at night; removing the mulching film when the seedling emergence amount accounts for 60-80% of the total amount;
step S6, seedling management:
temperature management: from sowing to seedling emergence, the temperature is kept between 28 and 32 ℃ in the daytime and between 18 and 20 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night (the temperature is too high and the temperature is low due to leeward cooling) after seedling emergence until the first true leaf appears; unfolding the first true leaf to a third true leaf, wherein the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; cooling and hardening seedlings in one week before field planting, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night;
humidity management: quantitatively watering the first true leaves before emergence, and strictly controlling watering to prevent damping-off, damping-off and excessive growth of seedlings. Then, the moisture content is supplemented in time by the dry and wet degree of the pot soil of the seedbed along with the increase of the water demand of the melon seedlings. When watering, the greenhouse is selected as much as possible when the temperature of the greenhouse rises 10 am on a sunny day. Controlling water one week before planting, and hardening seedlings correspondingly. One day before field planting, the seedbed is beaten with the uprisant every night, and is watered once to permeate water, so that the loose of pot soil is prevented during transplanting. And (3) seedling and fertilization are carried out, the concentration of the quick-acting fertilizer is controlled within 0.3% by combining watering and fertilization according to the growth condition and leaf color of the seedlings, and the quick-acting fertilizer can also be applied by using a commercially available nutrient solution fertilizer or sprayed on the leaf surfaces. Proper ventilation is needed after watering, so that the damage of toxic gas to melon seedlings is avoided.
Illumination management: after the seedlings come out of the soil, in a sunny day, the greenhouse film is uncovered in the morning and covered at night to prolong the light exposure time of the seedlings; in continuous rainy days, the temperature in the greenhouse reaches more than 10 ℃, and the greenhouse film still needs to be uncovered to receive scattered light (seedlings under the condition of no light for a long time are easy to yellow or overgrow); when the young plants are exposed to the sun for a long time and are sunny, the greenhouse film part is uncovered, a plurality of ventilation openings are opened, the seedlings are adaptive for 1-2 days, and then normal management is carried out.
And (3) pest control: diseases are mainly caused in the seedling stage, damping off, anthracnose are mainly caused, the humidity of a seedbed is mainly controlled in management, and agents are regularly sprayed for prevention. In the early stage of disease, the pesticide can be used for preventing and treating by using 800 times liquid of 30 percent of Miao bacterial dichlod, 800 times liquid of 75 percent of thiophanate methyl 600-one and 1500 times liquid of 25 percent of amizida suspending agent.
Step S7, preparation before planting and planting:
step S71, field selection: the field which is convenient to drain and irrigate and loose in soil and has no melons planted in 2-3 years is selected.
Step S72, ploughing and applying base fertilizer: and (3) ploughing the previous crops after stubble ploughing, wherein the depth is 25-30cm, ploughing is 1-2 times, 1000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu or 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu are applied at the same time, building the greenhouse, and digging peripheral ditches.
Step S73, land preparation and bed making: covering a greenhouse film 10-15 days before planting; applying 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu according to the planting row position, and performing soil preparation and ridging; each shed is planted with ground climbing type cultivation to form two ridges, and the ridge surface is in a turtle back shape; thoroughly watering the bottom, fully covering with a mulching film, and preheating the melon path; in the ultra-early maturing cultivation, a middle shed is built at the moment, and a film (the film width is 3m, and the film thickness is 0.03 mm) is covered. When the ground temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃, the field planting can be prepared.
Step S74, field planting and field planting density: when the melon seedlings reach three leaves and one heart and the seedling age is 30 days, the planting can be carried out; the very early maturing cultivation is generally planted in mid-month of January. And (4) planting in a sunny day with a cold tail and a warm head according to the weather forecast. The greenhouse is 6 meters wide, 2 rows of fixed planting are carried out in each greenhouse, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the density of 600 plants per mu is obtained; or field planting 4 rows in a shed with the width of 8 meters, wherein two rows are respectively field planted in the center of each furrow, and the density is 640 plants; during planting, digging holes according to plant spacing, filling soil around seedling pots, and watering planting water according to soil moisture; after the field planting is finished, a small ring shed or a simple small ring shed is built, and a shed film is covered (note that no gap can be formed around the film).
Further, step S3, preparing nutrient soil: according to the volume, 2 parts of screened fine soil and 1 part of screened decomposed organic fertilizer are used for preparing the nutrient soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the normal cultivation, the early-maturing cultivation can be advanced by 1-2 months; the invention leads the seedling to have good growth vigor, strong disease tolerance and high survival rate through specific steps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method is carried out according to the following steps:
step S1, selecting varieties; selecting disease and insect resistant, easy fruit setting, good appearance and good internal quality variety, such as melon honey;
step S2, selecting a seedbed; the seedbed should be selected from fields which are close to the field planting place, are leeward and exposed to the sun, have slightly high topography and have no watermelon planted within 5 years.
Step S3, preparing nutrient soil: preparing nutrient soil by using the sieved fine soil and the sieved decomposed organic fertilizer (2 parts of the sieved fine soil and 1 part of the sieved decomposed organic fertilizer are prepared into the nutrient soil by volume), loading the soil into a nutrition pot (with the diameter of 8cm multiplied by 10 cm) after the steps of fertilizing and sterilizing, and keeping the soil in a seedbed or a 50-hole seedling tray for later use, and sieving the cover mud for later use; wherein the screened fine soil is rice soil which is not planted with melons in the previous stubbles;
the fertilization and sterilization steps are that 500 kg of nutrient soil is applied with 15-25 kg of organic fertilizer and 5kg of calcium superphosphate, wherein each mu (1000 m) is2Each mu of field) 500 kg of nutrient soil was applied; 5 to 7 days before sowingSpraying 800 times of liquid of 30% Miaojundi or 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection, and sealing for more than 48 hours;
step S4, seed treatment; and putting the seeds into warm water of 55 ℃, rapidly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and soaking for 50 minutes. Cleaning mucus on the surface of the seeds. And (3) well wrapping the treated seeds with wet sand cloth, and putting the seeds under the condition of 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination. Sowing can be carried out when 80% of seeds expose radicles (commonly called as exposed white), and preferably when the radicles are 0.5 cm long.
Step S5, sowing: sowing greenhouse melons from late 1 month and last 2 months, watering seedbeds or 50 seedling trays thoroughly, covering mulching films and heating nutrition pot soil one day before sowing, firstly pricking a small hole with the depth of 1 cm in the middle of the nutrition pot, then flatly placing seeds on the nutrition pot, putting radicles into the small hole downwards, covering with nutrition soil along with sowing (20 g of cover mud mixed with 20g of seedling fungus enemies for disinfection), wherein the thickness of the cover soil is 1.0 cm; immediately covering a frame and a shed film after sowing, and covering a non-woven fabric for heat preservation at night; removing the mulching film when the seedling emergence amount accounts for 60-80% of the total amount;
step S6, seedling management:
temperature management: from sowing to seedling emergence, the temperature is kept between 28 and 32 ℃ in the daytime and between 18 and 20 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night (the temperature is too high and the temperature is low due to leeward cooling) after seedling emergence until the first true leaf appears; unfolding the first true leaf to a third true leaf, wherein the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; cooling and hardening seedlings in one week before field planting, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night;
humidity management: quantitatively watering the first true leaves before emergence, and strictly controlling watering to prevent damping-off, damping-off and excessive growth of seedlings. Then, the moisture content is supplemented in time by the dry and wet degree of the pot soil of the seedbed along with the increase of the water demand of the melon seedlings. When watering, the greenhouse is selected as much as possible when the temperature of the greenhouse rises 10 am on a sunny day. Controlling water one week before planting, and hardening seedlings correspondingly. One day before field planting, the seedbed is beaten with the uprisant every night, and is watered once to permeate water, so that the loose of pot soil is prevented during transplanting. And (3) seedling and fertilization are carried out, the concentration of the quick-acting fertilizer is controlled within 0.3% by combining watering and fertilization according to the growth condition and leaf color of the seedlings, and the quick-acting fertilizer can also be applied by using a commercially available nutrient solution fertilizer or sprayed on the leaf surfaces. Proper ventilation is needed after watering, so that the damage of toxic gas to melon seedlings is avoided.
Illumination management: after the seedlings come out of the soil, in a sunny day, the greenhouse film is uncovered in the morning and covered at night to prolong the light exposure time of the seedlings; in continuous rainy days, the temperature in the greenhouse reaches more than 10 ℃, and the greenhouse film still needs to be uncovered to receive scattered light (seedlings under the condition of no light for a long time are easy to yellow or overgrow); when the young plants are exposed to the sun for a long time and are sunny, the greenhouse film part is uncovered, a plurality of ventilation openings are opened, the seedlings are adaptive for 1-2 days, and then normal management is carried out.
And (3) pest control: diseases are mainly caused in the seedling stage, damping off, anthracnose are mainly caused, the humidity of a seedbed is mainly controlled in management, and agents are regularly sprayed for prevention. At the early stage of disease, the pesticide can be used for preventing and treating by using 800 times liquid of 30 percent of Miaoling, 800 times liquid of 75 percent of thiophanate methyl 600-containing liquid and 1500 times liquid of 25 percent of amizida suspending agent.
Step S7, preparation before planting and planting:
step S71, field selection: the field which is convenient to drain and irrigate and loose in soil and has no melons planted in 2-3 years is selected.
Step S72, ploughing and applying base fertilizer: and (3) ploughing the previous crops after stubble ploughing, wherein the depth is 25-30cm, ploughing is 1-2 times, 1000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu or 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu are applied at the same time, building the greenhouse, and digging peripheral ditches.
Step S73, land preparation and bed making: covering a greenhouse film 10-15 days before planting; applying 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu according to the planting row position, and performing soil preparation and ridging; each shed is planted with ground climbing type cultivation to form two ridges, and the ridge surface is in a turtle back shape; thoroughly watering the bottom, fully covering with a mulching film, and preheating the melon path; in the ultra-early maturing cultivation, a middle shed is built at the moment, and a film (the film width is 3m, and the film thickness is 0.03 mm) is covered. When the ground temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃, the field planting can be prepared.
Step S74, field planting and field planting density: when the melon seedlings reach three leaves and one heart and the seedling age is 30 days, the planting can be carried out; the very early maturing cultivation is generally planted in mid-month of January. And (4) planting in a sunny day with a cold tail and a warm head according to the weather forecast. The greenhouse is 6 meters wide, 2 rows of fixed planting are carried out in each greenhouse, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the density of 600 plants per mu is obtained; during planting, digging holes according to plant spacing, filling soil around seedling pots, and watering planting water according to soil moisture; after the field planting is finished, a small ring shed or a simple small ring shed is built, and a shed film is covered (note that no gap can be formed around the film).
Example 2
Step S74, field planting and field planting density: 4 rows are planted in a shed with the width of 8 meters, two rows are planted in the center of each furrow, and the density is 640. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method sequentially comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting varieties; selecting disease and insect resistant, easy fruit setting, good appearance and good internal quality variety, such as melon honey;
step S2, selecting a seedbed; the seedbed should be selected from fields which are close to the field planting place, are leeward and exposed to the sun, have slightly high topography and have no watermelon planted within 5 years.
Step S3, sowing: sowing greenhouse melons from late 1 month and early 2 months, watering a seedbed or a 50-hole seedling tray thoroughly on the bottom one day before sowing, covering with a mulching film, heating soil in a nutrition pot, and horizontally placing seeds on the nutrition pot;
step S4, preparing and planting, namely plowing soil, fertilizing, planting when the melon seedlings reach three leaves and one core and the seedling age is 30 days; the greenhouse is 6 meters wide, 2 rows of field planting are carried out in each greenhouse, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the density of 600 plants per mu is obtained.
Table 2 shows the necrosis ratio per acre of example 1, example 2, and comparative example 1 after 30 days (example 1, example 2 were managed according to the examples thereof, and comparative example 1 was watered every 7 days), and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention are all described in the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A plastic greenhouse melon cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, selecting varieties;
step S2, selecting a seedbed;
step S3, preparing nutrient soil: preparing nutrient soil by using fine sieved soil and a decomposed organic fertilizer, fertilizing and sterilizing, filling soil in a nutrient bowl, and keeping in a seedbed or a 50-hole seedling tray, and sieving cover mud for later use; wherein the screened fine soil is rice soil which is not planted with melons in the previous stubbles;
in the fertilizing and sterilizing step, 15-25 kg of organic fertilizer and 5kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to 500 kg of nutrient soil, wherein 500 kg of nutrient soil are applied to each mu; spraying 800 times of 30% Miaojundi solution or 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution 5-7 days before sowing for disinfection, and sealing for more than 48 hours;
step S4, seed treatment;
step S5, sowing: sowing greenhouse melons from late 12 months to 2-month-previous ten days, watering a seedbed or a 50-hole seedling tray thoroughly on the bottom one day before sowing, covering a mulching film and heating soil in a nutrition pot, firstly pricking a small hole with the depth of 1 cm in the middle of the nutrition pot, then flatly placing seeds on the nutrition pot, putting radicles downwards in the small hole, covering the nutrition soil along with sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1.0 cm; immediately covering a frame and a shed film after sowing, and covering a non-woven fabric for heat preservation at night; removing the mulching film when the seedling emergence amount accounts for 60-80% of the total amount;
step S6, seedling management:
temperature management: from sowing to seedling emergence, the temperature is kept between 28 and 32 ℃ in the daytime and between 18 and 20 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night after seedling emergence until the first true leaf appears; unfolding the first true leaf to a third true leaf, wherein the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; cooling and hardening seedlings in one week before field planting, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night;
humidity management: quantitatively watering the first true leaves before birth, and selecting to be performed in the morning on a sunny day as much as possible when watering; controlling water content one week before field planting; one day before field planting, punching a body raising medicine on a seedbed at night, and pouring bottom water;
illumination management: after the seedlings come out of the earth, the greenhouse film is uncovered in the morning and covered at night in a sunny day; in continuous rainy days, the temperature in the greenhouse reaches over 10 ℃, and the greenhouse film is still required to be torn off to receive scattered light; when the long-time yin is sunny, the greenhouse film part is uncovered, and a plurality of ventilation openings are opened to allow the seedlings to adapt to 1-2 days;
and (3) pest control: at the early stage of disease occurrence, a 1500-time liquid medicament of 30 percent of Miaoling 800-time liquid, or 75 percent of thiophanate methyl 600-800-time liquid, or 25 percent of amioda suspending agent is used for preventing and treating;
step S7, preparation before planting and planting:
step S71, field selection: selecting field blocks which are convenient to drain and irrigate and loose in soil and have no melons planted within 2-3 years;
step S72, ploughing and applying base fertilizer: ploughing the previous crops after the first crop is subjected to stubble ploughing, wherein the depth is 25-30cm, ploughing is carried out for 1-2 times, 1000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu or 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu are applied at the same time, building a greenhouse, and digging peripheral ditches;
step S73, land preparation and bed making: covering a shed film 10-15 days before planting; applying 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu according to the planting row position, and performing soil preparation and ridging; when the ground temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃, the field planting can be prepared;
step S74, field planting and field planting density: when the melon seedlings reach three leaves and one heart and the seedling age is 30 days, the planting can be carried out; the greenhouse is 6 meters wide, 2 rows of fixed planting are carried out in each greenhouse, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the density of 600 plants per mu is obtained; or field planting 4 rows in a shed with the width of 8 meters, wherein two rows are respectively field planted in the center of each furrow, and the density is 640 plants; during planting, digging holes according to plant spacing, filling soil around seedling pots, and watering planting water according to soil moisture; after the field planting is finished, a small ring shed or a simple small ring shed is built, and a shed film is covered.
2. The cultivation method of the cantaloupe in the plastic greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: step S3, preparing nutrient soil: according to the volume, 2 parts of screened fine soil and 1 part of screened decomposed organic fertilizer are used for preparing the nutrient soil.
3. The cultivation method of the cantaloupe in the plastic greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: step S5, sowing: sowing is preferably carried out from 1 st to 2 nd of the month.
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Application publication date: 20200417 |