CN111008789B - Method for accounting ammonia discharge amount after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry - Google Patents

Method for accounting ammonia discharge amount after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry Download PDF

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CN111008789B
CN111008789B CN201911324496.7A CN201911324496A CN111008789B CN 111008789 B CN111008789 B CN 111008789B CN 201911324496 A CN201911324496 A CN 201911324496A CN 111008789 B CN111008789 B CN 111008789B
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赵学敏
吴根义
赵瑞
马千里
姚玲爱
梁荣昌
苟婷
贺德春
周健
杜玲
房巧丽
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for accounting ammonia discharge amount after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry, which comprises the following steps: respectively monitoring the ammonia volatilization amount of crops after applying nitrogen fertilizer under the conditions of acid soil and alkaline soil to obtain the ammonia emission coefficients of the crops under the conditions of the acid soil and the alkaline soil and different growth temperatures; acquiring an air temperature correction coefficient of the crop ammonia emission coefficient under the acidic and alkaline soil conditions through a linear regression model; and (3) calculating an ammonia emission adjustment coefficient according to the monthly average air temperature corresponding to the crop growth and fertilization period in the target area, and further calculating the ammonia emission of the crop in the target area by combining the customary nitrogen application level and the planting area of the crop. The method has more accurate accounting result, can estimate the ammonia discharge amount of crop planting in different areas, can identify the spatial distribution of the ammonia discharge amount of national agricultural planting, and has important significance for guiding agricultural emission reduction and ecological protection.

Description

Method for accounting ammonia discharge amount after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for accounting ammonia emission after nitrogen fertilizer application in the planting industry.
Background
Ammonia (NH) in the atmosphere 3 ) Is the formation of fine Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 ) One of the important precursor substances plays an important role in the formation of dust-haze pollution, NH 3 Various chemical reactions can occur in the atmosphere, which in turn affect atmospheric chemistry and even global climate. The nitrogen fertilizer for farmland is NH 3 One of the main sources of emissions, NH produced by the fertilization of the crop in different countries 3 The emission can account for 30-50% of the total agricultural ammonia emission. China is a big agricultural country, the consumption of farmland fertilizers is the top of all countries in the world, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is low, and the ammonia emission of agricultural planting industry in China is increased. Therefore, accounting for ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilizer applications in the crop farming industry has a significant role in analyzing environmental problems in the area today and in the future.
At present, the research foundation of China in the aspect of planting industry ammonia emission amount accounting is weak, the ammonia emission factors applied by the existing planting industry nitrogen fertilizers are mostly directly kept with the similar research results abroad, but the factors such as climate conditions, soil types and the like in China are different from those abroad, so that the accounting result has great uncertainty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for accounting ammonia discharge after nitrogen fertilizer application in the planting industry with more accurate accounting result.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for accounting ammonia emission after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry comprises the following steps:
a) Selecting the type of the crop according to the following steps: the main crop type in the target area to be calculated or the latest country statistical yearbook information of the country, the ratio of the planting area in the total planting area of the national crops reaches a set value and the crop type is planted in the target area to be calculated;
b) Taking any one of the crop types selected in the step a) as a test crop, and monitoring nitrogen fertilization in the growth period of the test crop in different production areas by adopting an aeration methodThe used ammonia volatilization amount is used for obtaining the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures, wherein the crop ammonia emission coefficient obtained in the national agricultural planting main production area of the test crop is used as the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b The crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b The units of (A) are g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer;
c) Fitting the response relation between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the air temperature in the fertilization period under the conditions of acid and alkaline soils by utilizing a linear regression model according to the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH values and different growth temperatures in the step b): EF = AX + B, wherein A is a regression coefficient, B is a constant, and X represents the average air temperature of the crop in the fertilization period;
d) According to the basic coefficient EF of the crop ammonia emission in the step b) b Corresponding average air temperature of the crop in the fertilization period, and the response relation between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the average air temperature in the fertilization period in the step c), and calculating the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the basic coefficient EF under different temperature conditions b The multiple relation of (1), namely the air temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF;
e) Acquiring the monthly average air temperature corresponding to the fertilization period of the test crops in the target area to be calculated, and acquiring the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF '= EF' of the test crops in the target area to be calculated according to the step d) b * K, the unit of the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF' is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer;
f) Acquiring the habitual nitrogen application amount R of the test crops in the target area to be subjected to the accounting and the planting area S of the test crops in the target area to be subjected to the accounting, wherein the unit of the habitual nitrogen application amount R is kg nitrogen fertilizer per mu, and the unit of the planting area S is mu;
g) Calculating the ammonia emission E = EF' × R × S of the test crops after nitrogenous fertilizer application in the target area to be calculated, wherein the unit of the ammonia emission E is g ammonia;
h) And repeating the steps b) to g) until the ammonia emission of all the crop types selected in the step a) in the target area to be calculated is calculated, and accumulating the calculated ammonia emission of all the selected crop types to obtain the ammonia emission of the target area to be calculated.
Further, in the step a), the set value is 3% or more.
Further, in the step b), the influence of the nitrogen fertilizer type, the fertilization mode and the fertilization amount on the ammonia emission is generalized to the basic coefficient EF of the ammonia emission of the crops b In (1).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method obtains the ammonia emission coefficient of the crops through a local test, considers different soil conditions, and corrects the ammonia emission coefficient of the crops according to the temperature in the growth and fertilization periods of the crops, so that the accounting result is more accurate. The method for accounting the ammonia discharge amount after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the planting industry can estimate the ammonia discharge amount of the crops planted in different areas, further can identify the spatial distribution of the ammonia discharge amount of the national agricultural planting, and has important significance for guiding agricultural emission reduction and ecological protection.
Detailed Description
A method for accounting ammonia discharge amount after nitrogen fertilizer application in planting industry comprises the following steps:
a) Selecting the type of the crop according to the following steps: the main crop type in the target area to be accounted or the planting area in the latest country statistics yearbook information of the country accounts for more than 3% of the total planting area of the crops in the country and the crop type planted in the target area to be accounted.
b) Taking any one of the crop types selected in the step a) as a test crop, monitoring the ammonia volatilization amount of the test crop after nitrogen fertilizer application in the growth period by adopting an aeration method in different production areas to obtain the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures, wherein the crop ammonia emission coefficient obtained in the national agricultural planting main production area of the test crop is taken as the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b . For single crops, the type, fertilization mode and fertilization amount of nitrogen fertilizers planted and applied in various regions across the country are relatively similar, so that the influence of the type, fertilization mode and fertilization amount of the nitrogen fertilizers on ammonia emission is generalized to the basic coefficient EF of the ammonia emission of crops in a main production region b In (1). Crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b The units of (A) are g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
c) Fitting the response relation between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the air temperature in the fertilization period under the acidic and alkaline soil conditions by utilizing a linear regression model according to the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures in the step b): EF = AX + B, where A is a regression coefficient, B is a constant, and X represents the average air temperature during the fertilization period of the crop.
d) According to the basic coefficient EF of the crop ammonia emission in the step b) b Corresponding average air temperature of the crop in the fertilization period, and the response relation between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the average air temperature in the fertilization period in the step c), and calculating the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the basic coefficient EF under different temperature conditions b The multiple relation of (1), namely the air temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF.
e) Acquiring the monthly average air temperature corresponding to the fertilization period of the test crops in the target area to be calculated, and acquiring the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF '= EF' of the test crops in the target area to be calculated according to the step d) b * K, the unit of the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF' is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
f) And acquiring the habitual nitrogen application amount level R of the test crops in the target area to be checked and the planting area S of the test crops in the target area to be checked, wherein the unit of the habitual nitrogen application amount level R is kg nitrogen fertilizer per mu, and the unit of the planting area S is mu.
g) And calculating the ammonia emission E = EF' × R × S of the test crops after nitrogenous fertilizer application in the target area to be calculated, wherein the unit of the ammonia emission E is g ammonia.
h) And repeating the steps b) to g) until the ammonia emission of all the crop types selected in the step a) in the target area to be calculated is calculated, and accumulating the calculated ammonia emission of all the selected crop types to obtain the ammonia emission of the target area to be calculated.
The method of accounting for ammonia emissions after nitrogen fertilizer application in the crop-growing industry according to the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Examples
a) Selecting the type of the crop according to the following steps: and (3) searching for the annual book information of national countryside statistics in 2018, and acquiring the crop types of which the planting areas account for more than 3% of the total planting areas of the national crops, as shown in table 1. Or the type of the main crop in the target area to be checked, such as sugarcane in Guangxi and cotton in Xinjiang. The total percentage of crop planted area listed in table 1 was 85.2% of the total area planted by all crops across the country, thus representing the majority of the crops.
TABLE 1 crop planting area proportion
Figure BDA0002328018120000031
Figure BDA0002328018120000041
b) Any of the crop types selected in step a) is used as a test crop, such as corn.
And respectively arranging a plurality of monitoring point positions in different production areas under the conditions of acid soil and alkaline soil, and monitoring the ammonia volatilization amount after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the corn growth period by adopting a ventilation method to obtain the corn ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures, wherein the unit of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
In the embodiment, the producing area with the largest corn planting area in China is the northeast area, the corn planting area in 2017 accounts for 30% of the whole country, and the soil for planting the corn in the northeast area is neutral and acid. The second major production area of the corns is Huang-Huai-Hai area, the planting area of the corns in 2017 accounts for 28% of the whole country, and the Huang-Huai-Hai area is mainly made of alkaline soil. As the planting area of the two main production areas (namely the northeast area and the Huang-Huai-Hai area) for the national agricultural planting of the test crops reaches 58 percent, which represents the situation of planting most corns in China, the crop ammonia emission coefficients obtained from the two main production areas are taken as the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b . And setting the northeast region as a base coefficient condition corresponding to the ammonia emission of the corn planting in the acid soil, and acquiring the base coefficient of the ammonia emission of the corn planting in the acid soil and the corresponding average air temperature during the fertilization monitoring period through stationing monitoring. Setting Huang-Huai-Hai region as alkaline soil corn seedsAnd acquiring a basic coefficient of the ammonia emission of the corn planting under the alkaline soil condition and a corresponding average temperature during fertilization monitoring by monitoring the distribution of the basic coefficient corresponding to the ammonia emission of the corn planting.
In the embodiment, under the condition of acid soil, the basic coefficient of the ammonia emission in corn planting is 3.75g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer, and the average temperature in the corresponding fertilization monitoring period is 9.5 ℃. Under the condition of alkaline soil, the basic coefficient of the ammonia emission in corn planting is 100.57g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer, and the average temperature is 26.3 ℃ in the corresponding fertilization monitoring period.
c) And fitting a response relation between the corn ammonia emission coefficient EF and the monthly average temperature in the fertilization period under the acidic and alkaline soil conditions by utilizing a linear regression model according to the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF obtained from the plurality of monitoring point positions in the step b) under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures.
Acid soil: EF =0.6133X-5.0897, r =0.7411.
Alkaline soil: EF =1.0203X-9.2362, r =0.9382.
X represents the average air temperature (unit:. Degree. C.) in the fertilization period of the crop, and r represents the correlation coefficient.
d) And obtaining an air temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF, wherein the air temperature correction coefficient K is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 air temperature correction coefficient table for ammonia emission in corn planting in acidic and alkaline soil
Figure BDA0002328018120000051
e) Searching that the monthly average temperature corresponding to the growth and fertilization period (7-9 months) of the corns in the target area to be accounted in 2017 is 24.64 ℃, setting the soil condition of the target area to be accounted as alkaline soil, and acquiring the correction coefficient K of the ammonia emission temperature of the corns in the area to be accounted as 0.88 and the adjustment coefficient EF' = EF of the corn ammonia emission according to the step d) b * K =100.57 × 0.88=88.50g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
f) The habitual nitrogen application amount R of the corns in the target area to be subjected to the accounting is 14.65kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, and the planting area S of the corns in the area in 2017 is 53161500 mu.
g) Calculating the ammonia emission E of the corn nitrogen fertilizer application in the area:
e = EF' × R × S =88.50g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer × 14.65kg nitrogen fertilizer/acre × 53161500 acres =6.89 ten thousand tons.
h) And repeating the steps b) to g) until the ammonia emission of all the crop types selected in the step a) in the target area to be calculated is calculated, and accumulating the calculated ammonia emission of all the selected crop types to obtain the ammonia emission of the target area to be calculated.
In conclusion, the method acquires data by means of field actual measurement, influences of ammonia emission are localized, the calculation result is reliable, the method acquires the data by adopting a ventilation method, expensive equipment is not needed, the monitoring cost is low, and the practicability is high.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for accounting ammonia emission after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) Selecting the type of the crop according to the following steps: the main crop type in the target area to be calculated or the latest country statistical yearbook information of the country, the ratio of the planting area in the total planting area of the national crops reaches a set value and the crop type is planted in the target area to be calculated;
b) Taking any one of the crop types selected in the step a) as a test crop, monitoring the ammonia volatilization amount of the test crop after nitrogen fertilizer application in the growth period by adopting an aeration method in different production areas to obtain a crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures, wherein the crop ammonia emission coefficient obtained in the national agricultural planting main production area of the test crop is taken as the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b The crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b Are all in gAmmonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer;
c) Fitting the response relation between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the air temperature in the fertilization period under the acidic and alkaline soil conditions by utilizing a linear regression model according to the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions of different pH value soils and different growth temperatures in the step b): EF = AX + B, wherein A is a regression coefficient, B is a constant, and X represents the average air temperature of the crops in the fertilization period;
d) According to the basic coefficient EF of the crop ammonia emission in the step b) b Corresponding average temperature of the crop in the fertilization period, and the response relation between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the average temperature in the fertilization period in the step c), and calculating the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the basic coefficient EF under different temperature conditions b The multiple relation of (1), namely the air temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF;
e) Acquiring the monthly average air temperature corresponding to the fertilization period of the test crops in the target area to be calculated, and acquiring the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF '= EF' of the test crops in the target area to be calculated according to the step d) b * K, the unit of the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF' is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer;
f) Acquiring the habitual nitrogen application amount R of the test crops in the target area to be subjected to the accounting and the planting area S of the test crops in the target area to be subjected to the accounting, wherein the unit of the habitual nitrogen application amount R is kg nitrogen fertilizer per mu, and the unit of the planting area S is mu;
g) Calculating the ammonia emission E = EF' × R × S of the test crops after nitrogenous fertilizer application in the target area to be calculated, wherein the unit of the ammonia emission E is g ammonia;
h) Repeating the steps b) to g) until the ammonia emission of all the crop types selected in the step a) in the target area to be accounted is accounted, and accumulating the accounted ammonia emission of all the selected crop types to obtain the ammonia emission of the target area to be accounted;
in the step b), the influence of the nitrogen fertilizer type, the fertilization mode and the fertilization amount on the ammonia emission is generalized to the basic coefficient EF of the ammonia emission of the crops b In (1).
2. The method for accounting for ammonia emissions after nitrogen fertilizer application in crop farming according to claim 1, wherein in step a), the set value is 3% or more.
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