CN111008789B - Method for accounting ammonia discharge amount after nitrogenous fertilizer application in planting industry - Google Patents
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于农业生产技术领域，具体涉及一种核算种植业氮肥施用后氨排放量的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a method for calculating the ammonia discharge amount after nitrogen fertilizer application in planting industry.
背景技术Background technique
大气中的氨(NH3)是形成细颗粒物(PM2.5)的重要前体物质之一，对灰霾污染的形成有重要作用，NH3在大气中会发生多种化学反应，进而影响大气化学性质，甚至影响全球气候。农田施用氮肥是NH3排放的主要来源之一，不同国家的种植业施肥产生的NH3排放可占农业氨气总排放量的30-50％。我国是农业大国，农田化肥消耗量居世界各国首位，且化肥利用率较低，加大了我国农业种植业的氨排放量。因此，核算种植业氮肥施用的氨气排放量对于分析区域现在和将来的环境问题有着举足轻重的作用。Ammonia (NH 3 ) in the atmosphere is one of the important precursors for the formation of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). nature, and even affect the global climate. Nitrogen fertilization in farmland is one of the main sources of NH 3 emissions, and NH 3 emissions from planting fertilization in different countries can account for 30-50% of the total agricultural ammonia emissions. my country is a large agricultural country, and the consumption of farmland chemical fertilizers ranks first in the world, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is low, which increases the ammonia emissions of my country's agricultural planting industry. Therefore, the accounting of ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilizer application in the planting industry plays a decisive role in analyzing the current and future environmental problems in the region.
当前，我国在种植业氨排放量核算方面研究基础比较薄弱，现有的种植业氮肥施用的氨排放因子多直接沿用国外同类研究成果，但我国气候条件、土壤类型等因素与国外均有所区别，导致核算结果具有很大的不确定性。At present, my country's research foundation in the calculation of ammonia emissions from planting is relatively weak. The existing ammonia emission factors for nitrogen fertilizer application in planting mostly follow the same research results from foreign countries, but my country's climate conditions, soil types and other factors are different from those of foreign countries. , leading to great uncertainty in the accounting results.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出一种核算结果更为准确的核算种植业氮肥施用后氨排放量的方法。The invention proposes a method for calculating the ammonia discharge amount after the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the planting industry with more accurate calculation results.
本发明所采用的技术方案为：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种核算种植业氮肥施用后氨排放量的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for calculating the amount of ammonia emissions after planting nitrogen fertilizer application, comprising the following steps:
a)、选取作物类型，选取依据为：待核算目标区域内的主产作物类型，或者，国家最新农村统计年鉴资料中，种植面积在全国作物种植总面积中占比达到设定值且在待核算目标区域内有种植的作物类型；a) Select the crop type based on: the main crop type in the target area to be calculated, or, according to the latest national rural statistical yearbook data, the proportion of the planting area to the total crop planting area in the country reaches the set value and is within the target area to be calculated Calculate the types of crops planted in the target area;
b)、将步骤a)选取的作物类型中的任一种作为试验作物，采用通气法在不同产区监测试验作物生长期内氮肥施用后的氨挥发量，以获取不同酸碱度土壤、不同生长温度条件下的作物氨排放系数EF，其中，在试验作物全国农业种植主产区获取的作物氨排放系数作为作物氨排放基础系数EFb，作物氨排放系数EF与作物氨排放基础系数EFb的单位均为g氨/kg氮肥；b), any one of the crop types selected in step a) is used as the test crop, and the ammonia volatilization amount after the application of nitrogen fertilizer during the growth period of the test crop is monitored by aeration method in different production areas, so as to obtain different pH soils and different growth temperatures The crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions, among them, the crop ammonia emission coefficient obtained in the main agricultural planting area of the test crop in the country is used as the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b , the unit of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b Both are g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer;
c)、根据步骤b)中不同酸碱度土壤、不同生长温度条件下的作物氨排放系数EF，利用线性回归模型拟合出酸性与碱性两种类型土壤条件下的作物氨排放系数EF与施肥期气温的响应关系：EF＝AX+B，其中，A为回归系数，B为常数，X表示作物施肥期的平均气温；c), according to the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under different pH soils and different growth temperature conditions in step b), use the linear regression model to fit the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and fertilization period under the acidic and alkaline two types of soil conditions Response relationship of temperature: EF=AX+B, where A is the regression coefficient, B is a constant, and X represents the average temperature during the crop fertilization period;
d)、根据步骤b)中作物氨排放基础系数EFb对应的作物施肥期的平均气温，以及步骤c)中作物氨排放系数EF与施肥期平均气温的响应关系，计算不同温度条件下作物氨排放系数EF与基础系数EFb的倍数关系，即作物氨排放系数EF的气温校正系数K；d), according to the average temperature of the crop fertilization period corresponding to the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b in step b), and the response relationship between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the average temperature of the fertilization period in step c), calculate the crop ammonia under different temperature conditions The multiple relationship between the emission coefficient EF and the basic coefficient EF b , that is, the temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF;
e)、获取待核算目标区域内，试验作物施肥期对应的月均气温，根据步骤d)获取待核算目标区域内试验作物的氨排放调整系数EF′＝EFb*K，氨排放调整系数EF′的单位为g氨/kg氮肥；e) Obtain the monthly average temperature corresponding to the fertilization period of the test crops in the target area to be calculated, and obtain the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF′=EF b *K of the test crops in the target area to be calculated according to step d), the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF 'The unit is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer;
f)、获取待核算目标区域试验作物的习惯施氮量水平R与其在待核算目标区域内的种植面积S，习惯施氮量水平R的单位为kg氮肥/亩，种植面积S的单位为亩；f) Obtain the customary nitrogen application level R of the test crops in the target area to be accounted for and the planting area S in the target area to be accounted for. The unit of the customary nitrogen application level R is kg nitrogen fertilizer/mu, and the unit of the planting area S is mu ;
g)、计算待核算目标区域内，试验作物氮肥施用后的氨排放量E＝EF′×R×S，氨排放量E的单位为g氨；g), calculate the ammonia discharge E=EF'×R×S after the test crop nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the target area to be accounted for, and the unit of the ammonia discharge E is g ammonia;
h)、重复步骤b)至g)，直至步骤a)中选取的所有作物类型在待核算目标区域内的氨排放量均进行了核算，将所有选取的作物类型的核算氨排放量相累加，得到待核算目标区域的氨排放量。h), repeat steps b) to g), until the ammonia emissions of all crop types selected in step a) have been calculated in the target area to be accounted for, and the calculated ammonia emissions of all selected crop types are added together, Get the ammonia emissions in the target area to be accounted for.
进一步地，步骤a)中，所述的设定值为3％以上。Further, in step a), the set value is above 3%.
进一步地，步骤b)中，氮肥种类、施肥方式和施肥量对氨排放的影响概化到作物氨排放基础系数EFb中。Further, in step b), the effects of nitrogen fertilizer types, fertilization methods and fertilizer amounts on ammonia emissions are generalized into the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b .
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明通过本地试验获取作物氨排放系数，考虑不同土壤条件，并依据作物生长施肥期温度对作物氨排放系数进行修正，因而，核算结果更为准确。本发明提出的核算种植业氮肥施用后氨排放量的方法，能够对不同区域作物种植的氨排放量进行估算，进而可识别出全国农业种植氨排放量的空间分布，对于指导农业减排与生态保护具有重要意义。The invention obtains the crop ammonia discharge coefficient through local tests, considers different soil conditions, and corrects the crop ammonia discharge coefficient according to the temperature of the crop growth fertilization period, so that the calculation result is more accurate. The method proposed by the present invention for calculating ammonia emissions after nitrogen fertilizer application in planting can estimate the ammonia emissions of crops planted in different regions, and then can identify the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions in agricultural planting across the country, which is useful for guiding agricultural emission reduction and ecological Conservation matters.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种核算种植业氮肥施用后氨排放量的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for calculating the amount of ammonia emissions after planting nitrogen fertilizer application, comprising the following steps:
a)、选取作物类型，选取依据为：待核算目标区域内的主产作物类型，或者，国家最新农村统计年鉴资料中，种植面积在全国作物种植总面积中占比达到3％以上且在待核算目标区域内有种植的作物类型。a) Select the crop type based on: the main crop type in the target area to be calculated, or, according to the latest national rural statistical yearbook data, the planting area accounts for more than 3% of the total crop planting area in the country and is in the area to be calculated Calculate the types of crops planted in the target area.
b)、将步骤a)选取的作物类型中的任一种作为试验作物，采用通气法在不同产区监测试验作物生长期内氮肥施用后的氨挥发量，以获取不同酸碱度土壤、不同生长温度条件下的作物氨排放系数EF，其中，在试验作物全国农业种植主产区获取的作物氨排放系数作为作物氨排放基础系数EFb。对于单种作物而言，在全国各地区种植施用的氮肥类型、施肥方式和施肥量较为相近，因此，氮肥种类、施肥方式和施肥量对氨排放的影响概化到主产区的作物氨排放基础系数EFb中。作物氨排放系数EF与作物氨排放基础系数EFb的单位均为g氨/kg氮肥。b), any one of the crop types selected in step a) is used as the test crop, and the ammonia volatilization amount after the application of nitrogen fertilizer during the growth period of the test crop is monitored by aeration method in different production areas, so as to obtain different pH soils and different growth temperatures The crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under the conditions, where the crop ammonia emission coefficient obtained in the main agricultural planting areas of the country for the test crops is used as the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b . For a single crop, the types, methods and amounts of nitrogen fertilizers planted and applied in various regions of the country are relatively similar. Therefore, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer types, methods and amounts of fertilizers on ammonia emissions can be generalized to the ammonia emissions of crops in major production areas Base factor EF b . The unit of crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
c)、根据步骤b)中不同酸碱度土壤、不同生长温度条件下的作物氨排放系数EF，利用线性回归模型拟合出酸性与碱性两种类型土壤条件下的作物氨排放系数EF与施肥期气温的响应关系：EF＝AX+B，其中，A为回归系数，B为常数，X表示作物施肥期的平均气温。c), according to the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF under different pH soils and different growth temperature conditions in step b), use the linear regression model to fit the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and fertilization period under two types of acidic and alkaline soil conditions Response relationship of air temperature: EF=AX+B, where A is the regression coefficient, B is a constant, and X represents the average air temperature during the crop fertilization period.
d)、根据步骤b)中作物氨排放基础系数EFb对应的作物施肥期的平均气温，以及步骤c)中作物氨排放系数EF与施肥期平均气温的响应关系，计算不同温度条件下作物氨排放系数EF与基础系数EFb的倍数关系，即作物氨排放系数EF的气温校正系数K。d), according to the average temperature of the crop fertilization period corresponding to the crop ammonia emission basic coefficient EF b in step b), and the response relationship between the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF and the average temperature of the fertilization period in step c), calculate the crop ammonia under different temperature conditions The multiple relationship between the emission coefficient EF and the basic coefficient EF b , that is, the temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF.
e)、获取待核算目标区域内，试验作物施肥期对应的月均气温，根据步骤d)获取待核算目标区域内试验作物的氨排放调整系数EF′＝EFb*K，氨排放调整系数EF′的单位为g氨/kg氮肥。e) Obtain the monthly average temperature corresponding to the fertilization period of the test crops in the target area to be calculated, and obtain the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF′=EF b *K of the test crops in the target area to be calculated according to step d), the ammonia emission adjustment coefficient EF 'The unit is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
f)、获取待核算目标区域试验作物的习惯施氮量水平R与其在待核算目标区域内的种植面积S，习惯施氮量水平R的单位为kg氮肥/亩，种植面积S的单位为亩。f) Obtain the customary nitrogen application level R of the test crops in the target area to be accounted for and the planting area S in the target area to be accounted for. The unit of the customary nitrogen application level R is kg nitrogen fertilizer/mu, and the unit of the planting area S is mu .
g)、计算待核算目标区域内，试验作物氮肥施用后的氨排放量E＝EF′×R×S，氨排放量E的单位为g氨。g) Calculate the ammonia emission E=EF′×R×S of the test crops after nitrogen fertilizer application in the target area to be accounted for, and the unit of the ammonia emission E is g ammonia.
h)、重复步骤b)至g)，直至步骤a)中选取的所有作物类型在待核算目标区域内的氨排放量均进行了核算，将所有选取的作物类型的核算氨排放量相累加，得到待核算目标区域的氨排放量。h), repeat steps b) to g), until the ammonia emissions of all crop types selected in step a) have been calculated in the target area to be accounted for, and the calculated ammonia emissions of all selected crop types are added together, Get the ammonia emissions in the target area to be accounted for.
以下通过实例对本发明的核算种植业氮肥施用后氨排放量的方法作进一步说明。The method for calculating the amount of ammonia emissions after planting nitrogen fertilizer application of the present invention will be further described by examples below.
实施例Example
a)、选取作物类型，选取依据为：查找2018年国家农村统计年鉴资料，获取种植面积在全国作物种植总面积中占比3％以上的作物类型，如表1所示。或者，待核算目标区域内的主产作物类型，如广西的甘蔗、新疆的棉花。表1中所列的作物种植面积占比总和为全国所有作物种植面积的85.2％，因而代表了大部分的作物。a) Select the crop type based on the following: search the 2018 National Rural Statistical Yearbook data, and obtain the crop types whose planting area accounts for more than 3% of the total crop planting area in the country, as shown in Table 1. Or, the main crop types in the target area to be accounted for, such as sugarcane in Guangxi and cotton in Xinjiang. The acreage ratios of crops listed in Table 1 add up to 85.2% of all crop acreage in the country and thus represent the majority of the crops.
表1作物种植面积比例Table 1 Proportion of crop planting area
b)、将步骤a)选取的作物类型中的任一种作为试验作物，如玉米。b), using any one of the crop types selected in step a) as a test crop, such as corn.
分别在不同产区，酸性土壤和碱性土壤条件下，布设多个监测点位，采用通气法监测玉米生长期内氮肥施用后的氨挥发量，以获取不同酸碱度土壤、不同生长温度条件下的玉米氨排放系数EF，作物氨排放系数EF的单位为g氨/kg氮肥。In different production areas, under the conditions of acidic soil and alkaline soil, a number of monitoring points were set up, and the aeration method was used to monitor the ammonia volatilization after nitrogen fertilizer application during the corn growth period, so as to obtain the results of different pH soils and different growth temperatures. Corn ammonia emission coefficient EF, the unit of crop ammonia emission coefficient EF is g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer.
本实施例中，全国玉米种植面积最大的产区为东北区，2017年玉米种植面积占全国的30％，东北区种植玉米的土壤为中性偏酸。玉米第二大主产区为黄淮海区，2017年玉米种植面积占全国的28％，黄淮海区以碱性土壤为主。由于试验作物全国农业种植两大主产区(即东北区和黄淮海区)的种植面积已达58％，代表全国大部分玉米种植的情况，将该两大主产区获取的作物氨排放系数作为作物氨排放基础系数EFb。设定东北区为酸性土壤玉米种植氨排放对应的基数系数条件，通过布点监测，获取酸性土壤条件下玉米种植氨排放基础系数及对应的施肥监测期间平均气温。设定黄淮海区为碱性土壤玉米种植氨排放对应的基数系数条件，通过布点监测，获取碱性土壤条件下玉米种植氨排放的基础系数及对应的施肥监测期间平均气温。In this example, the Northeast Region is the production area with the largest corn planting area in the country. In 2017, the corn planting area accounted for 30% of the country's total. The soil for corn planting in the Northeast Region is neutral to slightly acidic. The second largest corn production area is the Huanghuaihai region, which accounted for 28% of the country's total corn planting area in 2017, and the Huanghuaihai region is dominated by alkaline soil. Since the planting area of the two major agricultural production areas (Northeast Region and Huanghuai-Hai Region) of the test crop has reached 58%, representing the situation of most corn planting in the country, the ammonia emission coefficient of the crops obtained from the two major production areas As the basic factor EF b of crop ammonia emission. Set the base coefficient conditions corresponding to the ammonia emission of maize planting in acidic soil in Northeast China, and obtain the basic coefficient of ammonia emission of corn planting under acidic soil conditions and the corresponding average temperature during fertilization monitoring through monitoring points. Set the base coefficient conditions corresponding to ammonia emissions from corn planting in alkaline soil in Huanghuaihai area, and obtain the base coefficient of ammonia emissions from corn planting under alkaline soil conditions and the corresponding average temperature during fertilization monitoring through monitoring points.
本实施例中，酸性土壤条件下，玉米种植氨排放基础系数为3.75g氨/kg氮肥，对应的施肥监测期间平均气温9.5℃。碱性土壤条件下，玉米种植氨排放的基础系数为100.57g氨/kg氮肥，对应的施肥监测期间平均气温26.3℃。In this example, under acidic soil conditions, the basic coefficient of ammonia emission from corn planting is 3.75g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer, and the corresponding average temperature during the fertilization monitoring period is 9.5°C. Under alkaline soil conditions, the basic coefficient of ammonia emission from corn planting is 100.57g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer, and the corresponding average temperature during fertilization monitoring period is 26.3°C.
c)、根据步骤b)中多个监测点位获取的不同酸碱度土壤、不同生长气温条件下的作物氨排放系数EF，利用线性回归模型拟合出酸性与碱性两种类型土壤条件下，玉米氨排放系数EF与施肥期月均气温的响应关系。c), according to the different pH soils and crop ammonia emission coefficients EF under different growth and temperature conditions obtained by multiple monitoring points in step b), use the linear regression model to fit the acidic and alkaline two types of soil conditions. Response relationship between ammonia emission coefficient EF and monthly average temperature during fertilization period.
酸性土壤：EF＝0.6133X-5.0897，r＝0.7411。Acid soil: EF=0.6133X-5.0897, r=0.7411.
碱性土壤：EF＝1.0203X-9.2362，r＝0.9382。Alkaline soil: EF=1.0203X-9.2362, r=0.9382.
X表示作物施肥期的平均气温(单位：℃)，r表示相关系数。X represents the average temperature (unit: ℃) during the fertilization period of crops, and r represents the correlation coefficient.
d)、获得作物氨排放系数EF的气温校正系数K，如表2所示。d) Obtain the air temperature correction coefficient K of the crop ammonia emission coefficient EF, as shown in Table 2.
表2酸性与碱性土壤玉米种植氨排放的气温校正系数表Table 2 Temperature correction coefficient table of ammonia emission from maize planting in acidic and alkaline soils
e)、查找2017年待核算目标区域玉米生长施肥期(7-9月)对应的月均气温为24.64℃，待核算目标区域土壤条件设定为碱性土壤，依据步骤d)获取该区域玉米的氨排放气温校正系数K为0.88，玉米氨排放的调整系数EF′＝EFb*K＝100.57*0.88＝88.50g氨/kg氮肥。e) Find the average monthly temperature corresponding to the corn growth and fertilization period (July-September) in the target area to be calculated in 2017. The soil condition in the target area to be calculated is set to alkaline soil, and the corn in this area is obtained according to step d). The temperature correction coefficient K of ammonia emission is 0.88, and the adjustment coefficient EF′=EF b *K=100.57*0.88=88.50g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer for corn ammonia emission.
f)、获取待核算目标区域玉米的习惯施氮量R为14.65kg氮肥/亩，2017年该区域玉米种植面积S为53161500亩。f) Obtain the customary nitrogen application rate R of corn in the target area to be accounted for, which is 14.65kg nitrogen fertilizer/mu. In 2017, the corn planting area S in this area is 53161500 mu.
g)、计算该区域玉米氮肥施用的氨排放量E：g), calculate the ammonia discharge E of the corn nitrogen fertilizer application in this area:
E＝EF′×R×S＝88.50g氨/kg氮肥×14.65kg氮肥/亩×53161500亩＝6.89万吨。E=EF'×R×S=88.50g ammonia/kg nitrogen fertilizer×14.65kg nitrogen fertilizer/mu×53161500 mu=68,900 tons.
h)、重复步骤b)至g)，直至步骤a)中选取的所有作物类型在待核算目标区域内的氨排放量均进行了核算，将所有选取的作物类型的核算氨排放量相累加，得到待核算目标区域的氨排放量。h), repeat steps b) to g), until the ammonia emissions of all crop types selected in step a) have been calculated in the target area to be accounted for, and the calculated ammonia emissions of all selected crop types are added together, Get the ammonia emissions in the target area to be accounted for.
综上所述，本发明借助现场实测获取数据，氨排放影响因素均本地化，计算结果可靠，该方法采用通气法获取数据，不需要昂贵的设备，监测成本较低，实用性较强。To sum up, the present invention obtains data by means of on-site measurement, the influencing factors of ammonia emission are all localized, and the calculation results are reliable. The method adopts the ventilation method to obtain data, does not require expensive equipment, and has low monitoring cost and strong practicability.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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