CN111000035A

CN111000035A - Formula of compound feed and production process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111000035A
Application number: CN202010112148.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田玉兰; 孙冬艳
Original assignee: Liaoning Dacheng Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Co ltd
Current assignee: Liaoning Dacheng Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-02-24
Filing date: 2020-02-24
Publication date: 2020-04-14

Abstract

The invention provides a formula of a compound feed and a production process thereof, wherein the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of puffed corn, 10-15 parts of whey powder, 6-10 parts of puffed soybean, 7-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-4 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-5 parts of skim milk powder, 3-5 parts of whole milk powder, 1-3 parts of cane sugar, 1-3 parts of fish meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean oil, 0.05-0.1 part of tributyrin, 0.5-1.0 part of organic mineral premix, 0.02-0.05 part of vitamin premix, 0.05-0.2 part of complex enzyme preparation, 0.3-0.8 part of stone powder, 0.6-1.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.4 part of salt, 0.04-1.2 part of lysine, 0.01-0.3 part of methionine, 0.01-0.3 part of threonine, 0.01-0.3 part of tryptophan, 0.01-0.3 part of phytase, 0.03-0.08 part of mildew preventive, 0.08 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.5-0.3 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of plant essential oil. The invention does not use any antibiotics, has no problem of antibiotic residue, is very environment-friendly, improves the intestinal resistance of piglets, has balanced nutrition, can produce good economic effect, and is beneficial to popularization.

Description

Formula of compound feed and production process thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to a formula of a compound feed and a production process thereof.

Background

China is a country with shortage of feed resources, and common raw materials for feed production are corn, soybean meal and wheat bran, wherein the soybean meal is taken as the raw material of soybean, but the dependence of China on soybean import is very serious, and the import amount of the soybean accounts for 60% of the global soybean trade amount. According to statistics, the imported soybeans break through 1000 ten thousand tons in 2000 years 1999-.

In recent years, due to threat and influence of epidemic diseases in the pig raising industry in China, the genetic potential of pigs cannot be well exerted, and the safety of foods such as pork and viscera is influenced due to the fact that a large amount of medicines are used for preventing and treating diseases in the breeding industry. According to the disclosure of Chinese academy of sciences, the usage amount of antibiotics for livestock in 2013 in China is about 8.42 ten thousand tons, which is more than that of antibiotics for human use and accounts for 26 percent of the total antibiotic production in the world. The serious dependence on antibiotics seriously influences the sustainable development of the pig industry, and breaks away from the wave of the resistance reducing and limiting development of the world breeding industry, so that the sustainable development is difficult. The method has the advantages that the health of the swinery is guaranteed, a new thought is very necessary to be searched while the biosafety, the standardization of vaccines and the reasonable medication are made, and the research and the development of the high-efficiency environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed belong to the new thought.

Among additives replacing antibiotics, scientists have studied acidifiers, probiotics, yeasts, plant essential oils or plant extracts, and the like.

Acidifiers are among the most commonly used alternatives to antibiotics. The acidifying agent used in the feed is divided into an organic acid and an inorganic acid, or a salt of an organic acid. From the viewpoint of the composition of the acid, it can be divided into a single acidulant and a compound acidulant. Mechanisms by which acidulants act may include: (1) the acidulant can lower or stabilize the pH of the stomach and increase the activity of pepsin; (2) the acidifier regulates and changes intestinal microorganisms, and inhibits the activity of pathogenic microorganisms; (3) the acidulant may increase the digestibility of the small and large intestine nutrients. Common organic acids include formic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid, potassium diformate, and the like. The formic acid, the citric acid and the benzoic acid can improve the daily gain of weaned pigs and growing pigs and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Formic acid and formate salts can increase apparent protein digestibility, but have no effect on ileal amino acid digestibility. The feed added with citric acid can improve the digestibility of protein, calcium and phosphorus of the sow. The benzoic acid can improve the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus of the growing pigs and improve the digestibility of crude protein of weaned pigs. Common inorganic acids comprise hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and researches show that the addition of the hydrochloric acid and the phosphoric acid into the feed has some positive effects. Common salts of organic acids include calcium formate, potassium diformate, sodium fumarate, and the like. In general, calcium formate is less effective than potassium diformate. The feed added with potassium diformate increases the expression of H + -K + -ATPase and mRNA of gastric mucosa gastrin receptor, and increases the concentration of hydrochloric acid and lactic acid in stomach. Sodium butyrate can reduce diarrhea scores in weaned piglets. There are also many reports on complex acids.

Probiotics and probiotics are also one of the common antibiotic substitutes. The composition of the intestinal microorganisms plays an important role in the health of pigs, and increasing the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestinal microorganisms can improve the health of animals and reduce the risk of diseases. Prebiotics are primarily indigestible oligosaccharides that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of one or a few beneficial bacteria in the colon, thereby beneficially affecting and improving the health of animals. Indigestible carbohydrates are the main substrates for intestinal microbial fermentation. Inulin, fructooligosaccharides, trans-galactooligosaccharides and lactulose are the most commonly used prebiotics, these carbohydrates being readily fermentable and lowering the intestinal pH. Inulin and fructo-oligosaccharide are studied most, and the action effect is related to factors such as the age of the pigs in days, health status, environmental conditions and the like. The beneficial effects of prebiotics are related to the fermentation of prebiotics, which synthesis of short chain fatty acids lowers the intestinal pH. The feed for weaned pigs is added with 100 or 200mg/kg of chitosan oligosaccharide (from chitosan), so that the growth performance of the weaned pigs is improved, the digestibility of nutrient substances is increased, the diarrhea chance is reduced, and the intestinal tract morphology is improved. Research shows that the weaned pig can be supplemented with 0.1% of chicory, mannan oligosaccharide or 0.02% of chitosan, and has effects on growth performance and serum IgA concentration.

Probiotics are generally defined as live bacteria that, when administered orally to an animal in an appropriate dosage, can provide health to the host. There are three main types of microorganisms that can be directly fed: bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The bacillus can form spores, is relatively stable to heat and can survive under the condition of low pH value. In the gastrointestinal tract of the suckling piglet, lactic acid bacteria dominate, and lactic acid generated by fermentation can reduce the pH value of the intestinal tract, inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract and improve the immunity of a host. However, the concentration of lactic acid produced by bacteria is reduced after the piglets are weaned, and therefore, it may be effective to supplement the probiotics of lactic acid bacteria to the weaned piglets. The effect of adding probiotics to pig feed is reported in the literature to be inconsistent, and due to the improvement of commercial probiotic strains, old research reports are not necessarily applicable to evaluating the effect of new probiotics, and the effect may be better if the new probiotics are improved. Overall, the positive effect of probiotic use in pig feed has been increasing in the last 10 years compared to earlier reports. The lactic acid bacteria are beneficial to helping weaned pigs to stabilize the gastrointestinal health; the bacillus is beneficial to the growth of the fattening pigs to improve the energy of high-fiber low-price feed and the digestibility of nutrient substances, thereby improving the growth performance and the slaughtering quality; the effect of yeast products on pigs is not completely understood, and it is believed that yeast products may partially or completely replace the growth promoting effect of antibiotics.

Plant extracts are secondary metabolites of plants, and are associated with the odor and color of plants. Plant extracts are composed of more than 100 unique mixtures, mainly in two forms: liquid oils and solid powders. Most of the oil constituting the plant extract is insoluble in water, i.e., our essential oil. The plant extract is extracted from the plant by distillation, maceration, cold pressing and solvent extraction or synthesis. Plant extracts provide benefits to animals due to potential biological functions, such as antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The plant essential oil can improve the animal health mainly by the following ways: inhibiting proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, changing intestinal microorganism amount, and enhancing immunity. The plant extract has broad antibacterial spectrum, and can inhibit gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Bacillus, Clostridium and Mycobacterium. Plant extracts are one of the strong candidates for replacing feed antibiotics to promote growth and improve pig health at various stages, but the effects of plant extracts may be inconsistent due to the large variation in plant extracts composition, making it difficult to compare the effects of different plant extracts. The major active substances in plant extracts are polyphenols, the composition and concentration of which will depend on the plant species, plant parts, geographical location of planting, season of harvest, environmental factors, storage conditions and processing techniques, etc. The main components of the main stream of plant extracts include anethole, capsaicin, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, eugenol, thymol and others. The plant extract may contain 20-60 components, the main component may account for 85%, and the other components may account for only a small amount. For example, the concentration of thymol derived from the plant "oregano" is a small amount of-64% and the concentration of thymol derived from the plant "thyme" is a concentration of 10-64%. The concentration of carvacrol in the plant origanum vulgaris extract is a small amount of 80 percent, and the concentration of carvacrol in the plant thymus vulgaris extract is 2 to 11 percent. In order to make the end product more stable and to reduce costs, manufacturers add artificially synthesized active ingredients. Manufacturers also coat with polymeric particles, lipid microcapsules or solid lipid nanoparticles to control the release of the plant extract and to transport the active ingredient to the middle section of the small intestine, where the efficiency of improving intestinal health is highest. Especially, the intestinal micro-ecological system of young piglets is unstable, the immunity is low, the intestinal development is not good, and the intestinal structure and the function of the piglets are changed by weaning stress, which shows that intestinal villi is shortened, the activity of brush-like enzyme is reduced, the digestion and absorption capacity is weakened, and the feed intake is reduced; the intestinal microflora of the piglets is disordered, and the number of harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli and the like is increased rapidly, so that diarrhea is caused, and the growth speed of the piglets in the later period is seriously influenced. Therefore, the intestinal health of the piglets is maintained, the piglets are helped to successfully resist the weaning stress, and a good foundation is laid for the later growth. Although researchers are dedicated to research on relieving weaning stress and reducing diarrhea of weaned piglets, a farm still has more product complaints about diarrhea of the piglets, the diarrhea of the weaned piglets is still an important factor for limiting the growth of the piglets and preventing the healthy development of live pig breeding, and a piglet creep feed product still urgently needs a better product design scheme to promote the recovery of the damaged intestinal tracts of the weaned piglets and the quick establishment of a micro-ecological system, so that the weaning stress is relieved and the diarrhea of the piglets is reduced.

On the basis of paying attention to the structure of piglet intestinal flora, the research also pays attention to the problems of early development of piglet intestinal tracts, repair of damaged intestinal tracts and the like, and a composite microecological preparation, an organic composite acidifier, a composite enzyme preparation and tributyrin are selected for matching use, so that the piglet is helped to establish a stable microflora as early as possible, the intestinal development of the piglet can be effectively stimulated, the repair of intestinal tract injury of the piglet is helped, and the risk of diarrhea of the piglet after weaning is reduced. The compound microecological preparation selected in the research is mainly comprehensively prepared by combining the aspects of stability, action parts, metabolites and the like of strains, has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, strong planting property and the like, is matched with tributyrin, a compound enzyme preparation and an organic compound acidifier for use, and has obvious effects on improving the intestinal digestion of piglets, repairing damaged intestinal tracts, establishing an intestinal flora system and immunizing intestinal mucosa.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a piglet compound feed for creep and a preparation method thereof, which are used for relieving weaning stress, promoting the early development of intestinal tracts, establishing a stable microflora, enhancing the disease resistance of piglets, reducing the diarrhea rate of the piglets at the early weaning stage and further improving the production performance of the weaned piglets from the viewpoint of intestinal tract health so as to exert the maximum production potential.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the formula of the compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20-40 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of puffed corn, 10-15 parts of whey powder, 6-10 parts of puffed soybean, 7-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-4 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-5 parts of skim milk powder, 3-5 parts of whole milk powder, 1-3 parts of cane sugar, 1-3 parts of fish meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean oil, 0.05-0.1 part of tributyrin, 0.5-1.0 part of organic mineral premix, 0.02-0.05 part of vitamin premix, 0.05-0.2 part of complex enzyme preparation, 0.3-0.8 part of stone powder, 0.6-1.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.4 part of salt, 0.04-1.2 part of lysine, 0.01-0.3 part of methionine, 0.01-0.3 part of threonine, 0.01-0.3 part of tryptophan, 0.01-0.3 part of phytase, 0.03-0.08 part of mildew preventive, 0.08 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.5-0.3 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of plant essential oil.

The compound microecological preparation is prepared by mixing inactivated lactobacillus, clostridium butyricum and bacillus coagulans.

The mass ratio of the inactivated lactobacillus, the clostridium butyricum and the bacillus coagulans in the composite microecological preparation is 10: 3: 3.

the compound enzyme preparation comprises xylanase, β -glucanase and mannanase.

The vitamin premix comprises the following components: 10-22% of calcium, 150000-400000IU/kg of vitamin A, 325000-125000IU/kg of vitamin D, 400 IU/kg of vitamin E, 350-250mg/kg of vitamin K, 400mg/kg of nicotinic acid, 300-400mg/kg of D-calcium pantothenate, 2100-200mg/kg of vitamin B, 660-70mg/kg of vitamin B, 120.6-0.7mg/kg of vitamin B, 20-30mg/kg of folic acid, 3750mg/kg of manganese 187-, 18750mg/kg of iron 750-, 2750mg/kg of zinc 750-, and 3125mg/kg of copper 125-.

The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:

(1) primary crushing: removing impurities from semen Maydis and soybean meal, pulverizing, and mixing with fermented soybean meal, puffed semen glycines and fish powder to obtain primary mixture;

(2) and (3) secondary crushing: uniformly mixing the primarily mixed material after fine crushing with whey powder, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, cane sugar, a compound microecological preparation, tributyrin, an organic compound acidifier, an organic mineral substance premix, a vitamin premix, a compound enzyme preparation, amino acid, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, phytase, chitosan oligosaccharide, stone powder, a mildew preventive and plant essential oil to prepare a mixed material;

(3) and (3) high-temperature granulation: granulating the mixture under the process conditions of 80-85 deg.C, 0.2-0.3MPa of vapor pressure and 2-2.5mm of ring membrane aperture to obtain granule;

(4) weighing and packaging: and cooling the granules, weighing, bagging and packaging.

Preferably, the pulverization in the step (1) is performed by a pulverizer with the aperture of a sieve sheet of 1.5 mm; the fine crushing in the step (2) is carried out by a crusher with the aperture of a sieve sheet of 1.0 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the compound microecological preparation is reasonably matched, and the bacillus coagulans quickly consumes oxygen and produces acid to acidify the intestinal microenvironment in a synergistic manner; the clostridium butyricum and the inactivated lactobacillus are subjected to rapid space-occupying colonization, so that the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells is reduced, the metabolites can also inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and the bacillus coagulans, the inactivated lactobacillus butyricum and the clostridium butyricum are cooperated with each other to help piglets in weaning stress periods to rapidly establish a stable microflora; the selected composite microecological preparation can tolerate the high-temperature granulation of 80-85 ℃, and the quantity of harmful bacteria entering intestinal tracts of piglets can be reduced to a certain extent. The compound microecological preparation is compounded by inactivated lactobacillus, clostridium butyricum and bacillus coagulans. The inactivated lactobacillus is high temperature resistant, can effectively enter the intestinal tracts of animals to stimulate the growth of the inherent lactobacillus, and overcomes the defect that the lactobacillus cannot tolerate the high-temperature pelletization of the feed. Research shows that bacillus coagulans and bacillus subtilis have antagonism, and the diarrhea resistance effect of the bacillus coagulans and the bacillus subtilis when the bacillus coagulans and the bacillus subtilis are used simultaneously is not as good as that of the bacillus coagulans when the bacillus coagulans is used alone. In addition, only bacillus coagulans is selected in the selection of bacillus, so that the influence on the use effect of the bacillus coagulans due to the antagonistic action of the bacillus coagulans and the bacillus subtilis can be avoided. The clostridium butyricum is a strict anaerobic bacterium, is mainly planted in the hindgut and plays a role, and is matched with the tributyrin for use in the invention, so that the butyric acid can be ensured to play a role in the whole intestinal tract.

(2) The glycerol tributyrate is matched with a compound microecological preparation: the tributyrin is decomposed by lipase in intestinal tracts of piglets to generate butyric acid, so that on one hand, energy is provided for intestinal cells to promote the development of the intestinal tracts, and on the other hand, the tributyrin is matched with clostridium butyricum to stimulate the planting of the clostridium butyricum in the intestinal tracts, thereby increasing the quantity of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria.

(3) The compound enzyme preparation makes up the deficiency of endogenous enzyme secretion in the weaning stress period of the piglets, improves the digestibility of the piglets on nutrient substances, further enhances the nutrient supply and helps the piglets to rapidly pass the stress period;

(4) the tributyrin provides high-content effective butyric acid for piglets, provides energy for growth of intestinal cells, helps repair intestinal damaged cells, and can stimulate development of intestinal mucosa immunity and enhance organism immunity.

The compound microecological preparation, the organic compound acidifier, the compound enzyme preparation and the tributyrin are matched for use, and are mutually cooperated pairwise, so that a better microecological environment is created for the weaned piglets, and the repair of the intestinal tract damaged cells of the piglets is facilitated, and therefore the purposes of promoting the intestinal tract health of the piglets, relieving the weaning stress and reducing the diarrhea of the weaned piglets are achieved.

Detailed Description

Example 1

20 parts of corn, 10 parts of puffed corn, 10 parts of whey powder, 6 parts of puffed soybean, 7 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of fermented soybean meal, 2 parts of skimmed milk powder, 3 parts of whole milk powder, 1 part of cane sugar, 1 part of fish meal, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.05 part of tributyrin, 0.5 part of an organic mineral premix, 0.02 part of a vitamin premix, 0.05 part of a complex enzyme preparation, 0.3 part of stone powder, 0.6 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1 part of salt, 0.04 part of lysine, 0.01 part of methionine, 0.01 part of threonine, 0.01 part of tryptophan, 0.01 part of phytase, 0.03 part of a mildew preventive, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide and 1 part of plant essential oil.

The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:

Example 2:

20-40 parts of corn, 12 parts of puffed corn, 10-153 parts of whey powder, 4 parts of milk powder, 2 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of fish meal, 1.2 parts of soybean oil, 0.08 part of tributyrin, 0.7 part of organic mineral premix, 0.04 part of vitamin premix, 1.2 parts of complex enzyme preparation, 0.6 part of stone powder, 1.1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of salt, 0.08 part of lysine, 0.2 part of methionine, 0.1 part of threonine, 0.1 part of tryptophan, 0.1 part of phytase, 0.05 part of mildew preventive, 0.4 part of chitosan oligosaccharide and 2 parts of plant essential oil.

The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:

Example 3

20-40 parts of corn, 15 parts of expanded corn, 15 parts of whey powder, 10 parts of expanded soybean, 15 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of skimmed milk powder, 5 parts of whole milk powder, 3 parts of cane sugar, 3 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 0.1 part of tributyrin, 1.0 part of organic mineral premix, 0.05 part of vitamin premix, 0.2 part of complex enzyme preparation, 0.8 part of stone powder, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of salt, 1.2 parts of lysine, 0.3 part of methionine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of tryptophan, 0.3 part of phytase, 0.08 part of mildew preventive, 0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide and 3 parts of plant essential oil.

The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:

180 weaned piglets (21 days old) with the average weight of 6kg are randomly divided into 6 groups in the test, each group has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 10 piglets; the piglets are transferred to a nursery house on the weaning day, the test period is 10 days, the temperature of the nursery house is controlled to be 25-26 ℃ every day during the test period, the piglets eat the feed freely, the feeding is less, and meanwhile, sufficient and clean drinking water is provided. The pigsty is ensured to be clean and sanitary, and the pigsty and the feeding trough are regularly disinfected. The prevention and treatment and health care of diseases are carried out according to the management system of the pig farm.

The weight of the fasting piglet in each pen was weighed at the beginning and end of the test, based on the pen.

Piglet feed intake and diarrhea were recorded daily.

Average daily food intake (g/d) is the sum of daily food intake/test days

Average daily gain (g/d) ([ end weight of test (kg) — initial weight (kg) ]/(days of test) × head per column) × 1000

Average diarrhea rate (diarrhea number of heads + number of days of diarrhea)/(number of heads of pigs tested) 100%

And (3) test results:

compared with the control group, the feed intake of the treatment group 1 is increased by 87 g/d/head, the daily gain is increased by 104 g/d/head, and the growth performance is obviously improved.

Claims

1. The formula of the compound feed is characterized in that: comprises the following components in parts by weight:

2. A compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound microecological preparation is prepared by mixing inactivated lactobacillus, clostridium butyricum and bacillus coagulans.

3. A compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the inactivated lactobacillus, the clostridium butyricum and the bacillus coagulans in the composite microecological preparation is 10: 3: 3.

4. the compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complex enzyme preparation comprises xylanase, β -glucanase and mannanase.

5. A compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 10-22% of calcium, 150000-400000IU/kg of vitamin A, 325000-125000IU/kg of vitamin D, 400 IU/kg of vitamin E, 350-250mg/kg of vitamin K, 400mg/kg of nicotinic acid, 300-400mg/kg of D-calcium pantothenate, 2100-200mg/kg of vitamin B, 660-70mg/kg of vitamin B, 120.6-0.7mg/kg of vitamin B, 20-30mg/kg of folic acid, 3750mg/kg of manganese 187-, 18750mg/kg of iron 750-, 2750mg/kg of zinc 750-, and 3125mg/kg of copper 125-.

6. The production process of the compound feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

7. The preparation process of the compound feed according to claim 6, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the crushing in the step (1) is carried out by a crusher with the aperture of a sieve sheet of 1.5 mm; the fine crushing in the step (2) is carried out by a crusher with the aperture of a sieve sheet of 1.0 mm.