CN110981931B - 槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法 - Google Patents

槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法 Download PDF

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CN110981931B
CN110981931B CN201910984739.3A CN201910984739A CN110981931B CN 110981931 B CN110981931 B CN 110981931B CN 201910984739 A CN201910984739 A CN 201910984739A CN 110981931 B CN110981931 B CN 110981931B
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殷田田
闫福林
李印省
马矜烁
魏婧
苏慧慧
詹璐璐
石伟峰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法,采用重结晶、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH‑20凝胶柱层析等现代分离方法从槟榔种子甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分共分离得到10个化合物,利用现代波谱技术对其化学结构进行了鉴定,分别为:Helicia cerebroside A(1)、(R)‑N‑((2S,3S,4R,Z)‑3,4‑dihydroxy‑1‑(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)‑3,4,5‑trihydroxy‑6‑(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro‑2H‑pyran‑2‑yl)oxy)octadec‑8‑en‑2‑yl)‑2‑hydroxydocosanamide(2)、(2S,3R)‑儿茶素(3)、异鼠李素(4)、β‑谷甾醇(5)、β‑胡萝卜苷(6)、豆甾‑4‑烯‑3‑酮(7)、香草酸(8)、环‑(亮氨酸‑酪氨酸)(9)和对羟基苯甲酸(10)。分离得到的化合物的结构类型包括酚类、黄酮类、甾体类、脑苷酯类和环二肽类,其中脑苷酯类化合物是首次在该属植物中报道。

Description

槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法
技术领域
本发明属于槟榔种子化学成分的提取技术领域,具体涉及一种槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法。
背景技术
槟榔作为一味传统中药广泛分布于我国南部热带、亚热带地区以及其他南亚、东南亚等国家。槟榔果既是一种目前被广泛食用的佳果,其果皮和种子又可以入药,是我国名贵的"四大南药"之一。现代研究表明槟榔含有生物碱、鞣质、黄酮、萜类等多种化学成分,具有促消化、降血压、抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗炎、抗寄生虫和抑菌等活性,然而目前对槟榔种子化学成分的开发并不够完全。因此,有必要进一步丰富槟榔属植物化学成分的多样性,为槟榔资源的深入开发利用提供一定的基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种工艺简单且成本低廉的槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法,该方法分离得到的化合物的结构类型包括酚类、黄酮类、甾体类、脑苷酯类和环二肽类,其中脑苷酯类化合物为首次在该属植物中报道。
本发明为实现上述目的采用如下技术方案,一种槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法,其特征在于具体过程为:
取槟榔核,阴干后粉碎,在常温下用甲醇对其进行浸泡,每次浸泡6天,总共浸泡5次;过滤,滤液进行减压蒸馏得甲醇提取物浸膏;将五次减压蒸馏得到的浸膏用60~70℃温水悬浮,加入乙酸乙酯对其进行萃取,乙酸乙酯总共萃取七次,将萃取液分别减压浓缩得乙酸乙酯部分浸膏;
乙酸乙酯部分浸膏用200~300目的硅胶拌样,干法上柱进行硅胶柱层析,以不同体积比1:0,30:1,20:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,将洗脱液通过薄层色谱检识后合并,最终得到6个部分Fr.A-Fr.F;
Fr.A:未分离;
Fr.B:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比30:1,20;1,15:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析和纯化,最终在5:1处得到化合物7,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000021
由丙酮重结晶得到化合物5,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000022
Fr.C:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比15:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析及重结晶,最终在4:1处得到化合物8和化合物10,化合物8的结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000023
化合物10的结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000024
Fr.D:先通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比15:1,10:1,8:1,5:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,在10:1处得到化合物4,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000025
再进行多次凝胶柱层析以除去部分色素,最终得到化合物3,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000026
Fr.E:先通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比15:1,10:1,5:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,得到化合物6,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000027
其余混合物多次重结晶后得化合物1,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000031
再用不同体积比8:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行等度洗脱,然后进行多次凝胶柱层析纯化,最终在10:1处得到化合物2,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000032
Fr.F:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比30:1,25:1,20:1,15:1,5:1,1:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析、重结晶、凝胶柱层析,最终在4:1处得到化合物9,其结构式为
Figure BDA0002236340520000033
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:本发明通过硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱、MCI GEL CHP20/P120反相柱色谱及重结晶等分离纯化技术从槟榔核的甲醇提取物中分离得到10个单体化合物,综合运用现代波谱技术(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,HMBC,HMQC,NOESY,1H-1HCOSY,HR-ESI-MS)、标准品对照、化学方法等方法鉴定出了这10个化合物的结构。其中,甾体化合物有3个,脑苷脂类化合物有2个,黄酮类化合物有2个,芳香酸类化合物有2个,环二肽类化合物有1个。其结构分别为:Helicia cerebroside A(1)(R)-N-((2S,3S,4R,Z)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxyl-methyl)tetrahydr-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxyoctadec-8-en-2-yl-2-hydroxydocosanamide(2)、(2S,3R)-表儿茶素(3)、异鼠李素(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(7)、香草酸(8)、环-(亮氨酸-酪氨酸)(9)、对羟基苯甲酸(10)。其中,脑苷脂类化合物(1)、(2)均为首次从该植物中分离得到,且这两种化合物也是首次从该属植物中分离得到。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例
1仪器与材料
1.1仪器
Bruker-400型核磁共振波谱仪(Bruker公司,德国);HP-5988A GC/MS质谱仪(HP公司,美国);X-4型数显显微熔点仪测定(北京光电设备厂)。
1.2试剂
Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司,美国);柱层析用硅胶(200~300目)及薄层层析用硅胶GF254(10~40μm)(青岛海洋化工厂);所用试剂均为分析纯(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司)。
1.3植物来源
实验用药材槟榔采自于海南省万宁市兴隆镇,植物标本由新乡医学院药学院中药学教研室吴娇副教授鉴定,样本存放于新乡医学院药学院天然药物化学研究室。
2实验内容
取槟榔核20kg(干重),阴干后粉碎,在常温下用甲醇对其进行浸泡,每次浸泡6天,总共浸泡5次;过滤,滤液进行减压蒸馏得甲醇提取物浸膏;将五次减压蒸馏得到的浸膏用适量温水(60~70℃)悬浮,加入乙酸乙酯对其进行萃取,乙酸乙酯总共萃取七次,将萃取液分别减压浓缩得乙酸乙酯部分浸膏(429.2g)。
乙酸乙酯部分浸膏用硅胶(600g,200~300目)拌样,干法上柱(12×200cm,4600g,200~300目),进行硅胶柱层析,以不同体积比的氯仿-甲醇(1:0,30:1,20:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,将洗脱液通过薄层色谱检识后合并,最终得到6个部分(Fr.A-Fr.F)。
Fr.A:未分离。
Fr.B:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比的石油醚-乙酸乙酯(30:1,20;1,15:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析和纯化,最终在5:1处得到化合物7(13.1mg),由丙酮重结晶得到化合物5(36.4mg)。
Fr.C:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比的石油醚-乙酸乙酯(15:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析及重结晶,最终在4:1处得到化合物8(17.2mg)和化合物10(15.6mg)。
Fr.D:先通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比的氯仿-甲醇(15:1,10:1,8:1,5:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,在10:1处得到化合物4(10.3mg);再进行多次凝胶柱层析以除去小部分色素,最终得到化合物3(17.8mg)。
Fr.E:先通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比的氯仿-甲醇(15:1,10:1,5:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,得到化合物6(19mg);其余混合物多次重结晶后得化合物1(15mg);再用不同体积比的氯仿-甲醇(8:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行等度洗脱,然后进行多次凝胶柱层析纯化,最终在10:1处得到化合物2(21mg)。
Fr.F:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比的氯仿-甲醇(30:1,25:1,20:1,15:1,5:1,1:1,0:1)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析、重结晶、凝胶柱层析,最终在4:1处得到化合物9(10.5mg)。
2.2结构鉴定试验
2.2.1薄层酸水解
将点有化合物1、化合物2的薄层板分别放入已充满HCl蒸汽的色谱缸中,在75℃水浴锅中水解4小时后,取出挥发尽HCl,用葡萄糖标准品点在同一张薄层板上做对照,用氯仿-甲醇-水(体积比7:3:0.5)为展开剂展开,以浓硫酸-甲醇为显色剂,发现其显色行为与Rf均吻合,证明这两个化合物中均含有葡萄糖分子。
2.2.2甲醇酸水解
分别取化合物1、化合物2各5mg,溶于10mL甲醇中,加入5mL盐酸(1mol/L),在磁力搅拌下加热回流15个小时,冷却后加入20mL水,环己烷萃取,用Na2SO4干燥纯化得长链脂肪酸(FAM)部分。甲醇/水相蒸干,再加入甲醇蒸干,重复操作三次,尽量挥干HCl,得到长链脂肪胺(LCB)部分和糖的甲苷。最终得出:化合物1的FAM部分的ESI-MS:m/z 421[M+Na]+,化合物2的FAM部分的HR-ESI-MS:m/z 393.3334[M+Na]++(计算值为393.3339)。
3化合物的编号、名称和结构
表3-1槟榔核的化学成分及结构式
Table 3-1 Compounds and constructure of core of Areca catechu L.
Figure BDA0002236340520000051
Figure BDA0002236340520000061
Figure BDA0002236340520000071
4化合物的理化常数和波谱数据
Helicia cerebroside A(1)
白色无定形粉末,分子式C48H93NO10,m.p.192~193℃;TLC板用5%的浓硫酸-无水乙醇(V/V)染色加热后呈现出褐色斑点,紫外灯下无荧光斑点;HR-ESI-MS中的离子峰m/z866.6685[M+Na]+(计算值866.6692);1H-NMR(400MHz,C5D5N)δ:4.60(1H,m,H-1a),4.40(1H,m,H-1b),5.18(1H,m,H-2),4.17(1H,m,H-3),4.08(1H,m,H-4),2.13(1H,m,H-5a),1.18(1H,m,H-5b),2.11(2H,m,H-6),1.94(2H,m,H-7),5.34(1H,dt,J=10.9,6.9Hz,H-8),5.14(1H,dt,J=10.9,6.9Hz,H-9),1.94(2H,m,H-10),1.12-1.18[2H,br s,H-(11-17)],0.74(3H,t,J=6.3Hz,H-18),4.45(1H,m,H-2'),2.08(1H,m,H-3'a),1.86(1H,m,H-3'b),1.62(2H,m,H-4'),1.12-1.18[2H,br s,H-(5'-23')],0.74(3H,t,J=6.3Hz,H-24'),4.83(1H,d,J=7.8Hz,H-1”),3.89(1H,t,J=8.0Hz,H-2”),4.08(1H,m,H-3”),4.08(1H,m,H-4”),3.74(1H,m,H-5”),4.35(1H,m,H-6”a),4.23(1H,dd,J=11.8,5.2Hz,H-6”b),8.45(1H,d,J=9.2Hz,-NH).13C-NMR(100MHz,C5D5N)δ:70.36(C-1),51.58(C-2),75.74(C-3),72.31(C-4),33.85(C-5),27.80(C-6),26.68(C-7),130.06(C-8),130.28(C-9),27.45(C-10),29.50-29.99(11-15),32.01(C-16),22.83(C-17),14.18(C-18),175.52(C-1'),72.31(C-2'),35.43(C-3'),25.74(C-4'),29.50-29.99(5'-21'),32.01(C-22'),22.83(C-23'),14.18(C-24'),105.49(C-1”),75.03(C-2”),78.31(C-3”),71.28(C-4”),78.45(C-5”),62.45(C-6”)。
(R)-N-((2S,3S,4R,Z)-3,4-dihydroxy-1(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxy methyl)tetrahyd-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)octadec-8-en-2-yl)-2-hydroxydocosanamide (2)
白色无定形粉末,分子式C46H89NO10;TLC板用5%的浓硫酸-无水乙醇(V/V)染色加热后为黑色斑点,紫外灯下无荧光斑点;HR-ESI-MS中的离子峰m/z 838.6385[M+Na]+(计算值838.6379);1H-NMR(400MHz,C5D5N)δ:4.60(1H,dd,J=10.7,6.7Hz,H-1a),4.41(1H,m,H-1b),5.19(1H,m,H-2),4.17(1H,m,H-3),4.09(1H,m,H-4),2.13(1H,m,H-5a),1.18(1H,m,H-5b),2.11(2H,m,H-6),1.94(2H,m,H-7),5.33(1H,dt,J=10.6,6.8Hz,H-8),5.41(1H,dt,J=10.6,6.8Hz,H-9),1.94(2H,m,H-10),1.12-1.18[2H,br s,H-(11-17)],0.74(3H,t,J=6.0Hz,H-18),4.45(1H,m,H-2'),2.10(1H,m,H-3'a),1.85(1H,m,H-3'b),1.62(2H,m,H-4'),1.12-1.18[2H,brs,H-(5'-21')],0.74(3H,t,J=6.0Hz,H-22'),4.83(1H,m,H-1”),3.90(1H,t,J=8.0Hz,H-2”),4.09(1H,m,H-3”),4.09(1H,m,H-4”),3.75(1H,m,H-5”),4.37(1H,m,H-6”a),4.23(1H,dd,J=12.0,5.3Hz,H-6”b),8.46(1H,d,J=9.2Hz,-NH).13C-NMR(100MHz,C5D5N)δ:70.35(C-1),51.60(C-2),75.77(C-3),72.34(C-4),33.86(C-5),27.81(C-6),26.69(C-7),130.08(C-8),130.29(C-9),27.46(C-10),29.49-29.99(11-15),32.00(C-16),22.83(C-17),14.18(C-18),175.55(C-1'),72.29(C-2'),35.44(C-3'),25.75(C-4'),29.49-29.99(5'-19'),32.01(C-20'),22.83(C-21'),14.18(C-22'),105.48(C-1”),75.04(C-2”),78.32(C-3”),71.32(C-4”),78.45(C-5”),62.48(C-6”)。
(2S,3R)-儿茶素(3)
白色无定形粉末,分子式C15H14O6;m.p.176-178℃,紫外光365nm下有荧光斑点,易溶于丙酮、甲醇,TLC板用硫酸铈染色剂染色后呈现出褐色斑点;1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:6.86(1H,d,J=1.9Hz,H-2'),6.78(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-5'),6.74(1H,dd,J=8.0,1.9Hz,H-6'),5.95(1H,d,J=2.3Hz,H-8),5.87(1H,d,J=2.3Hz,H-6),4.58(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-2),3.97-4.02(1H,m,H-3),2.87(1H,dd,J=16.1,5.4Hz,H-4a),2.52(1H,dd,J=16.1,8.1Hz,H-4b).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ:82.9(C-2),68.9(C-3),28.6(C-4),157.9(C-5),96.4(C-6),157.7(C-7),95.6(C-8),100.9(C-4a),157.0(C-8a),132.3(C-1'),115.3(C-2'),146.3(C-3'),146.4(C-4'),116.2(C-5'),120.1(C-6')。
异鼠李素(4)
黄色粉末,分子式C16H12O7,m.p.306-307℃,紫外光365nm下有荧光斑点,盐酸-镁粉显阳性;1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.45(1H,s,5-OH),7.72(1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-2'),7.65(1H,dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,H-6'),6.90(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-5'),6.43(1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-8),6.15(1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-6),3.81(3H,s,-OCH3).13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:147.1(C-2),135.8(C-3),175.8(C-4),156.0(C-5),98.0(C-6),163.7(C-7),93.3(C-8),160.5(C-9),102.8(C-10),119.9(C-11),115.3(C-2'),146.5(C-3'),148.6(C-4'),111.5(C-5'),121.5(C-6'),55.6(-OCH3,C-3')。
β-谷甾醇(5)
无色针状结晶(石油醚),分子式C29H50O,m.p.138~139℃;TLC板用5%的浓硫酸-无水乙醇(V/V)染色加热后呈现出紫红色斑点;Liebermann-Burchard反应呈现阳性,Molish反应呈现阴性;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.36(1H,d,J=5.1Hz,H-6),3.53(1H,m,H-3),1.01(3H,s,Me-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,Me-21),0.83(3H,d,J=1.8Hz,Me-29),0.84(3H,d,J=6.6Hz,Me-26),0.80(3H,s,Me-27),0.68(3H,s,Me-18);13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.8(C-1),32.4(C-2),72.3(C-3),42.8(C-4),141.2(C-5),122.2(C-6),32.1(C-7),32.3(C-8),50.6(C-9),37.0(C-10),21.5(C-11),40.2(C-12),42.7(C-13),57.2(C-14),24.8(C-15),28.7(C-16),56.5(C-17),12.4(C-18),19.2(C-19),36.5(C-20),19.5(C-21),34.4(C-22),26.5(C-23),46.3(C-24),29.6(C-25),20.3(C-26),19.9(C-27),23.5(C-28),12.3(C-29)。
β-胡萝卜苷(6)
白色粉末,分子式C35H60O6,m.p.295~296℃;Liebermann-Burchard反应呈现阳性;TLC板用5%的浓硫酸-无水乙醇(V/V)染色加热后呈现出紫红色斑点;1H-NMR(400MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.53(1H,brs,H-6),5.25(1H,d,J=7.7Hz,H-1'),4.76(2H,d,J=11.6Hz,H-6'),4.61(1H,dd,J=5.0,11.6Hz,H-4'),1.17(3H,d,J=6.2Hz,CH3-21),1.12(3H,s,CH3-18),1.07(6H,d,J=1.9Hz,CH3-26,27),1.04(3H,t,J=7.7Hz,CH3-29),0.84(3H,s,CH3-19);13C-NMR(100MHZ,C5D5N)δ:37.5(C-1),30.2(C-2),78.5(C-3),39.9(C-4),140.9(C-5),121.9(C-6),32.2(C-7),32.0(C-8),50.3(C-9),36.9(C-10),21.3(C-11),39.3(C-12),42.4(C-13),56.8(C-14),24.5(C-15),28.5(C-16),56.2(C-17),19.0(C-18),12.0(C-19),36.4(C-20),19.2(C-21),34.2(C-22),26.4(C-23),46.0(C-24),29.4(C-25),20.0(C-26),19.4(C-27),23.4(C-28),12.2(C-29),102.6(C-1'),75.3(C-2'),78.6(C-3'),71.7(C-4'),78.1(C-5'),62.8(C-6')。
豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(7)
无色针状结晶(甲醇),m.p.98~99℃,分子式C29H48O,易溶于氯仿,薄层色谱用5%的浓硫酸-无水乙醇(V/V)为显色剂染色加热后呈现出紫红色斑点,紫外灯下无荧光斑点,Libermann-Burchard反应呈阳性,Molish反应呈阴性;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.75(1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-4),0.63(3H,s,H-18),1.15(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,d,J=6.2Hz,H-21),0.78(3H,d,J=6.3Hz,H-26),0.75(3H,d,J=6.3Hz,H-27),0.80(3H,d,J=6.8Hz,H-29).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:35.5(C-1),34.0(C-2),199.8(C-3),123.8(C-4),171.9(C-5),33.0(C-6),32.0(C-7),35.8(C-8),54.0(C-9),38.6(C-10),21.0(C-11),39.6(C-12),42.5(C-13),56.0(C-14),24.2(C-15),28.3(C-16),56.0(C-17),12.0(C-18),17.5(C-19),36.1C-20),18.8(C-21),34.0(C-22),26.1(C-23),45.8(C-24),29.3(C-25),20.2(C-26),19.1(C-27),23.2(C-28),12.0(C-29)。
香草酸(8)
无色针状晶体(甲醇),m.p.210~211℃,分子式C8H8O4,易溶于甲醇,紫外光365nm下有荧光斑点;1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.55(1H,br s,H-2),6.82(1H,d,J=8.7Hz,H-5),7.55(1H,br s,H-6),3.87(3H,s,-OCH3).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ:125.4(C-1),116.0(C-2),152.8(C-3),148.6(C-4),113.9(C-5),123.1(C-6),170.2(-COOH),56.5(-OCH3)。
环-(亮氨酸-酪氨酸)(9)
白色粉末,m.p.261~262℃,分子式C6H13NO2,紫外灯下有荧光斑点;1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:0.60(6H,m,CH3-9,10),0.72(1H,m,H-7a),0.12(1H,m,H-7b),1.40(1H,m,H-8),3.01(1H,dd,J=13.5,3.3Hz,H-11a),2.63(1H,dd,J=13.6,4.5Hz,H-11b),3.47(1H,m,H-6),4.02(1H,m,H-3),6.86(2H,d,J=8.3Hz,H-2',H-6'),6.60(2H,d,J=8.3Hz,H-3',H-5'),8.00(2H,m,H-2,5),9.23(1H,s,4'-OH).13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:166.0(C-1),52.0(C-3),167.1(C-4),55.3(C-6),37.5(C-7),22.8(C-8),22.5(C-9),21.0(C-10),43.4(C-11),125.5(C-1'),131.0(C-2',C-6'),114.6(C-3',C-5'),156.0(C-4')。
对羟基苯甲酸(10)
无色针状晶体(甲醇),m.p.219~220℃,分子式C7H6O3,易溶于甲醇,紫外光365nm下有荧光斑点;1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.88(2H,d,J=8.7Hz,H-2,6),6.82(2H,d,J=8.7Hz,H-3,5),13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ:122.8(C-1),133.2(C-2,6),116.2(C-3,5),163.5(C-4),170.4(-COOH)。
4总结与讨论
4.1总结
4.1.1本发明对采自于中国海南省万宁市兴隆镇的槟榔核的非生物碱类化学成分进行了较详细的研究,为槟榔的综合开发与应用提供了一些理论基础。
4.1.2本发明通过硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱、MCI GELCHP20/P120反相柱色谱及重结晶等分离纯化技术从槟榔核的甲醇提取物中分离得到10个单体化合物,综合运用现代波谱技术(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,HMBC,HMQC,NOESY,1H-1HCOSY,HR-ESI-MS)、标准品对照、化学方法等方法鉴定出了这10个化合物的结构。其中,甾体化合物有3个,脑苷脂类化合物有2个,黄酮类化合物有2个,芳香酸类化合物有2个,环二肽类化合物有1个。其结构分别为:Helicia cerebroside A(1)(R)-N-((2S,3S,4R,Z)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxyl-methyl)tetrahydr-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxyoctadec-8-en-2-yl-2-hydroxydocosanamide(2)、(2S,3R)-表儿茶素(3)、异鼠李素(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(7)、香草酸(8)、环-(亮氨酸-酪氨酸)(9)、对羟基苯甲酸(10)。其中,脑苷脂类化合物(1)、(2)为首次从该植物中分离得到,且这两种化合物也是首次从该属植物中分离得到。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种槟榔种子化学成分的提取方法,其特征在于具体过程为:
取槟榔核,阴干后粉碎,在常温下用甲醇对其进行浸泡,每次浸泡6天,总共浸泡5次;过滤,滤液进行减压蒸馏得甲醇提取物浸膏;将五次减压蒸馏得到的浸膏用60~70℃温水悬浮,加入乙酸乙酯对其进行萃取,乙酸乙酯总共萃取七次,将萃取液分别减压浓缩得乙酸乙酯部分浸膏;
乙酸乙酯部分浸膏用200~300目的硅胶拌样,干法上柱进行硅胶柱层析,以不同体积比1:0,30:1,20:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,将洗脱液通过薄层色谱检识后合并,最终得到6个部分Fr.A-Fr.F;
Fr.A:未分离;
Fr.B:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比30:1,20: 1,15:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析和纯化,最终在5:1处得到化合物7,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000011
由丙酮重结晶得到化合物5,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000012
Fr.C:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比15:1,10:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,0:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析及重结晶,最终在4:1处得到化合物8和化合物10,化合物8的结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000013
化合物10的结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000014
Fr.D:先通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比15:1,10:1,8:1,5:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,在10:1处得到化合物4,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000015
再进行多次凝胶柱层析以除去部分色素,最终得到化合物3,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000021
Fr.E:先通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比15:1,10:1,5:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,得到化合物6,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000022
其余混合物多次重结晶后得化合物1,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000023
再用不同体积比8:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行等度洗脱,然后进行多次凝胶柱层析纯化,最终在10:1处得到化合物2,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000024
Fr.F:通过硅胶柱色谱,用不同体积比30:1,25:1,20:1,15:1,5:1,1:1,0:1的氯仿-甲醇作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,重复进行硅胶柱层析、重结晶、凝胶柱层析,最终在4:1处得到化合物9,其结构式为
Figure RE-FDA0002997476710000025
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