CN110974947A - 一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110974947A CN110974947A CN201911413018.3A CN201911413018A CN110974947A CN 110974947 A CN110974947 A CN 110974947A CN 201911413018 A CN201911413018 A CN 201911413018A CN 110974947 A CN110974947 A CN 110974947A
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法。本发明合成介孔二氧化硅,通过介孔二氧化硅巨大的比表面积进行抗菌药物负载,并用多巴胺进行封装,并利用多巴胺作为药物载体进行负载凝血酶。与传统的止血粉相比,本发明制备的止血粉可以局部释放多巴胺和凝血酶分别可以收缩血管并释放凝血物质,可达到协同止血。介孔二氧化硅释放的抗菌剂具备抗菌性能。因此本发明可用于抗菌和止血的敷料。本发明工艺简单,生产成本较低,但同时解决了创面出血不止及可能感染的可能,能够促进感染出血创面的愈合,具有非常重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法。本发明首先合成介孔二氧化硅,通过介孔二氧化硅巨大的比表面积进行抗菌药物负载,并用多巴胺进行封装,利用多巴胺作为药物载体进行负载凝血酶,得到所需的止血粉。与传统的止血粉相比,本发明制备的止血粉以介孔二氧化硅为止血材料载体,可以局部释放多巴胺和凝血酶分别可以收缩血管并释放凝血物质,达到止血目的。
背景技术
创面出血、渗血及感染是目前外科需要解决的问题,临床应用的止血粉大多为生物相容性好的可吸收的生物材料,只是单一的具备止血功能,并不适合感染及可能存在感染的创面。创面的感染及生物膜形成使得创面治疗变得极为复杂,病人的致残率和死亡率大大提高,因此研发出具有抗感染,止血功能的止血粉,对于降低创伤的死亡率具有很好地应用前景。
目前临床用的商品化的止血粉大多是明胶海绵、胶原蛋白或纤维素止血材料。这类止血材料都是单一止血材料,并不具备其他生物活性。理想的止血粉应该同时具备以下两种生物活性:止血同时抗菌,但目前的止血材料很难兼顾这两种生物功能。例如中国专利“一种多糖止血粉及其制备方法、应用”申请号(CN201510171520.3)。介孔二氧化硅具有良好的生物相容性及表面巨大的比表面积同时表面容易修饰、稳定性高等特点,被认为是一种优良的、生物相容性好的药物载体。功能化介孔二氧化硅表面可以通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、pH阀门、温度、光敏感、酶催化等生物响应性开关,这样功能化的介孔二氧化硅可以实现药物的靶向治疗,降低药物可能引起的全身毒副作用。因此纳米介孔二氧化硅作为止血材料的载体具有很好地应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法。本发明通过两相法合成介孔二氧化硅,通过介孔二氧化硅巨大的比表面积进行抗菌药物负载,并用多巴胺进行封装,并利用多巴胺作为药物载体进行负载凝血酶。与传统的止血粉相比,本发明制备的止血粉以介孔二氧化硅为止血材料载体,可以局部释放多巴胺和凝血酶分别可以收缩血管并释放凝血物质,达到止血。
本发明提出的一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)、合成介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子
采用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为模板剂,将CTAC与三乙胺(TEA)混合后加入水中,逐滴加入到TEOS的环已烷溶液,在55-65℃下,180-220rpm机械搅拌条件下反应6-10h,反应结束后取上面乳白色溶液,10000 -15000rpm下离心分离,得到介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒;将所得介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒分散于氯化钠/甲醇的混合溶液中70-90℃回流20-28小时,离心分离,乙醇和水各洗三次,重复以上回流操作三次,以去除模板剂CTAC;最后将得到的沉淀用乙醇和去离子水分别洗三次,离心并室温真空干燥,得到介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(Mesoporous silica nanoparticle, MSN);
(2)、介孔二氧化硅负载抗菌药物
取步骤(1)得到的MSN分散到超纯水中,将抗菌药物加入MSN分散体系中,控制MSN:抗菌药物质量比为1:1-1:2,室温下继续搅拌20-28小时使其负载进入介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的孔道中,最后离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,冷冻干燥得到抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅;
(3)、多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅
取(2)步骤得到的介孔二氧化硅负载抗菌药物,分散到超纯水中,加入等质量的多巴胺,用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH值为7.5-8.5,室温下避光搅拌5.5-6.5小时,离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,得到多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅;
(4)、多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅负载凝血制剂
取步骤(3)得到的多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅加入到凝血制剂中,并溶于去离子水中,室温下避光搅拌10-14小时,离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,得到一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉。
本发明中,步骤(1)所得介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的直径为90-110nm,介孔孔径为3-5nm。
本发明中,所述TEOS,CTAC,TEA,环已烷和无水乙醇均为AR级。
本发明中,所述多巴胺和凝血制剂均为医用级。
本发明中,所述抗菌药物为万古霉素,也可替换为其他喹诺酮类抗生素、β-内酰胺类抗生素、大环内酯类抗生素、氨基糖苷类抗生素等。
本发明中,所述凝血制剂为凝血酶。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明为具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备,其特征在于通过介孔二氧化硅巨大的比表面积进行抗菌药物负载,并用多巴胺进行封装,并利用多巴胺作为药物载体进行负载凝血酶。
2、与单纯具有止血功能的止血粉相比,本纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉除了具有良好的止血性能同时具有良好的抗菌性能。
3、本发明利用的介孔二氧化硅纳米载体,反应条件温和,条件简单,因此止血材料可以大批量的生产。
4、多巴胺封装的负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅,反应最优在碱性条件下进行,PH在8左右, 负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅与多巴胺最优比为等比例,反应最优在避光保护下进行,反应时间为6h。
5、本发明工艺简单、效率高、可重复性好。本发明所提供的具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉可以改善目前止血材料单一止血功能的性能,为构建止血同时具有抗感染止血材料提供新方法。
附图说明
图1为纳米止血抗菌材料微观形貌:其中:(a)介孔二氧化硅;(b)介孔二氧化硅负载万古霉素;(c)多巴胺修饰介孔二氧化硅;(d)多巴胺修饰的介孔二氧化硅表面负载凝血酶。MSN为介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒、MSN-Van为万古霉素负载的介孔二氧化硅、MSN-Van-DOPA为多巴胺修饰负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅、MSN-Van-DOPA-Tro为负载凝血酶和抗生素的介孔二氧化硅、SEM为扫描电镜、TEM为透射电镜。
图2为纳米抗菌止血材料体外生物相容性实验,OD为吸光度。其中:(a)介孔二氧化硅;(b)介孔二氧化硅负载万古霉素;(c)多巴胺修饰介孔二氧化硅;(d)多巴胺修饰的介孔二氧化硅表面负载凝血酶。MSN为介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒、MSN-Van为万古霉素负载的介孔二氧化硅、MSN-Van-DOPA为多巴胺修饰负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅、MSN-Van-DOPA-Tro为负载凝血酶和抗生素的介孔二氧化硅、SEM为扫描电镜、TEM为透射电镜。
图3为纳米止血抗菌体外出凝血实验。
图4为纳米止血抗菌材料体内新型纳米止血粉抗菌及止血实验。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及下述具体实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式和/或附图仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。
实施例1:
本发明通过两相法合成介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒,通过介孔二氧化硅巨大的比表面积进行抗菌药物负载,并用多巴胺进行封装,并利用多巴胺作为药物载体进行负载凝血酶。局部释放多巴胺和凝血酶分别可以收缩血管并释放凝血物质,可达到协同止血,同时释放的抗生素可以抗感染,达到止血和抗菌,其具体工艺如下:
(1):介孔二氧化硅负载万古霉素:
(1.1):介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的合成:将 6.0 g CTAC 溶解于 60 mL 去离子水中,加热到60℃,搅拌溶解。然后加入 100μL TEA,继续搅拌1小时。接着逐滴加入 20%体积的TEOS环己烷溶液,继续反应8小时,直至产生白色悬浮液。取白色悬液于12000 rpm 离心分离,得到介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒。将该沉淀分散于氯化钠/甲醇的混合溶液(5mL盐酸,20mL甲醇)中80℃回流24小时,离心分离,乙醇和水各洗三次,重复以上回流操作三次,即可去除模板剂CTAC。最后得到的沉淀用乙醇和去离子水分别洗三次,离心并室温真空干燥得到介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MSN)。
(1.2):介孔二氧化硅负载万古霉素(Vancomycin,Van):取50mg的MSN加入到5 mL储液浓度为10mg/mL的万古霉素中,室温下继续搅拌24小时使其负载进入介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的孔道中,最后离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,冷冻干燥得到万古霉素负载的介孔二氧化硅,记为MSN-Van。
(2)、多巴胺(Dopamine, DOPA)修饰负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅:取50mg的MSN-Van加入到50mg多巴胺溶于5mL的去离子水中,用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH值为8.0,室温下避光搅拌6小时,离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,得到多巴胺修饰负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅记为MSN-Van-DOPA。
(3)、多巴胺修饰的介孔二氧化硅负载凝血酶:取50mg步骤(2)得到的多巴胺修饰负载抗生素的介孔二氧化硅加入到50μg凝血酶(Tro)溶于5mL的去离子水中,室温下避光搅拌12小时,离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,得到负载凝血酶和抗生素介孔二氧化硅止血材料记为MSN-Van-DOPA-Tro。
图1为扫描电镜对纳米抗菌止血粉的表征:纳米介孔二氧化硅尺寸为100nm左右表面有许多孔道可以进行药物负载,介孔二氧化硅表面多巴胺修饰和凝血酶修饰组表面可以看出有一层薄膜,可以对孔道内的药物进行封装。
纳米抗菌止血粉的MIC实验:实验分为3组:MSN,MAN-Van,MSN-Van@Tro,麦氏比浊法调整金黄色葡萄球菌浓度为1×106CFU/mL。取100μL细菌悬液置于96孔板中,各取100μLMHB稀释的MSN、MAN-Van、MSN-Van@Tro,使其浓度分别为512,256,128,64,32,16,8,4,2ug/mL置于96孔板中,每组重复3孔,恒温培养箱37℃静态培养24h后记录各组细菌的的最低抑菌浓度。细菌最低抑菌浓度为在体外培养细菌18至24小时后能抑制培养基内病原菌生长的最低药物浓度。各组纳米材料MIC如下:MSN:256μg,MSN-Van:16μg,MSN-Van@Tro:16μg。结果表明纳米止血材料对金黄色葡萄球菌具有很好地抑菌效果。
8.MSN-Van@Tro纳米止血材料体外生物相容性实验:采用MC3T3细胞测定纳米止血材料的生物相容性,利用CCK-8检测纳米止血材料对MC3T3增殖的影响,96孔板中每孔加200μL细胞,使最终细胞量为1×103个/孔。将96孔板放入培养箱37℃、5%CO2条件下培养24h后,小心吸弃上清α-MEM培养基,每孔加入含不同浓度的纳米止血材料(500,200,100,50,20,10,0 µg/mL),新鲜α-MEM细胞培养基作为阴性对照。在1、3、5d每个时间点,向每孔加CCK-8工作液5μL,96孔板放回培养箱继续孵育2h后吸弃孔中液体,测量450nm的OD值。图2表明纳米止血材料在200μg并没有表现出细胞毒性。
体外临床标准凝血试验:使用半自动凝血POC分析仪(MICROPOINT,美国)进行凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化的部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)测定。耳缘静脉抽取新西兰兔的血液样品,并与十分之一的3.8%柠檬酸钠混合。通过在37°C下以2500g离心15分钟获得富集血小板血清。通过在37°C下孵育100µL柠檬酸盐血浆,200µLPT试剂和2mg样品进行PT测试。然后将样品和PT试剂添加到试管中的血浆中测量PT。通过将100µL的aPTT试剂加到100µL的含柠檬酸盐的血浆中来进行aPTT测试,37°C下孵育5分钟后将100µL的0.025molL-1CaCl2和样品添加到试管中并测量aPTT。APPT与内在的凝血途径相关,而PT反映了内在的途径。aPTT和PT结果如图2所示,结果表明MSN-DOAP,和MSN-DOPA-Thro显著缩短了aPTT和PT。因此我们的结果表明,MSN-DOAP,和MSN-DOPA-Tro可以自由接触血液并激活内在途径。
体内纳米止血粉抗菌及止血实验:
肝损伤模型建立:戊巴比妥麻醉大鼠,中线剖腹暴露肝脏,用剪刀切开远端的肝左叶。用纱布吸收出血并称重定量出血量。出血30秒后,将MSN,MAN-Van,MSN-Van@Tro(约1mg)用于出血的位置。对照组用标准纱布在压力下处理。记录出血时间和出血量。材料被去除,腹部用缝线缝关闭腹腔。监测大鼠60分钟,将存活的动物饲养进一步分析炎症的全身性标志物和纤维蛋白溶解情况。由图4可知对照组肝脏出血量为1.41±0.12g,MSN出血量为:1.46±0.13g,MSN-DOPA出血量为:0.88±0.09g,MSN-DOPA-Tro出血量为:0.4±0.09g。对于出血时间:对照组为:297.7±19s,MSN:280±24s,MSN-DOPA:185±16.8s,MSN-DOPA-Tro:164±12s,因此多巴胺修饰的MSN和凝血酶和多巴胺修饰的MSN具有很好地体内抗凝作用,并且凝血酶和多巴胺修饰的MSN抗凝效果最好。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)、合成介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子
采用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为模板剂,将CTAC与三乙胺(TEA)混合后加入水中,逐滴加入到TEOS的环已烷溶液,在55-65℃下,180-220rpm机械搅拌条件下反应6-10h,反应结束后取上面乳白色溶液,10000 -15000rpm下离心分离,得到介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒;将所得介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒分散于盐酸/甲醇的混合溶液中70-90℃回流20-28小时,离心分离,乙醇和水各洗三次,重复以上回流操作三次,以去除模板剂CTAC;最后将得到的沉淀用乙醇和去离子水分别洗三次,离心并室温真空干燥,得到介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MSN);
(2)、介孔二氧化硅负载抗菌药物
取步骤(1)得到的MSN分散到超纯水中,将抗菌药物加入MSN分散体系中,控制MSN:抗菌药质量比为1:1—1:2,室温下继续搅拌20-28小时使其负载进入介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的孔道中,最后离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,冷冻干燥得到抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅;
(3)、多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅
取(2)步骤得到的介孔二氧化硅负载抗菌药物,分散到超纯水中,加入等质量的多巴胺,用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH值为7.5-8.5,室温下避光搅拌5.5-6.5小时,离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,得到多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅;
(4)、多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅负载凝血制剂
取步骤(3)得到的多巴胺修饰抗菌药物负载的介孔二氧化硅加入到凝血制剂中,并溶于去离子水中,室温下避光搅拌10-14小时,离心分离,用水溶液洗涤三次,得到一种具有抗菌及止血功能的纳米介孔二氧化硅止血粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所得介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的直径为90-110nm,介孔孔径为3-5nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述TEOS,CTAC,TEA,环已烷和无水乙醇均为AR级。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述多巴胺和凝血制剂均为医用级。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于抗菌药物为万古霉素,也可替换为其他喹诺酮类抗生素、β-内酰胺类抗生素、大环内酯类抗生素或氨基糖苷类抗生素中任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述凝血制剂为凝血酶。
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