CN110974741B - 一种茶叶复提取物及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于茶叶深加工技术领域,尤其是一种茶叶复合提取物及其制备和应用。所述茶叶复合提取物是采用如下方法制成:(1)将老叶茶叶、烟叶分别置于萎凋槽中萎凋,冷却;(2)将萎凋冷却后的老叶茶叶与烟叶混合,加入淀粉轻揉后,加入复合菌液A处理,制得一次发酵物;(3)将一次发酵物再次轻揉后,加到乙醇溶液中浸泡,捞出,采用蒸汽处理后干燥,制得干燥物;(4)将干燥物粉碎,加入海藻糖脂、复合菌液B处理,灭菌,制得二次发酵物;(5)向二次发酵物中加入50%乙醇溶液,搅拌升温提取,过滤、纳滤,制得提取液;浓缩、干燥后,即得茶叶复合提取物。本发明制备的茶叶复合提取物,具有生物活性高、稳定性强、防腐性能好的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于茶叶深加工技术领域,尤其是一种茶叶复合提取物及应用。
背景技术
茶叶为山茶科植物茶(Camellia sinensis L.)的芽叶,具有独特的营养价值和保健功能,在东汉《神农本草》和明代《本草纲目》中均详细记载了茶叶的药用功效。现代医学研究表明,茶叶含有多种活性成分如茶多酚、茶多糖、生物碱、维生素类、矿物质、微量元素等,其中茶多酚为茶叶中有保健功能的主要成分之一。茶多酚具有清除自由基、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗癌变、防辐射、降血脂和胆固醇、抗动脉粥样硬化以及抑菌等作用。其中茶多酚在体内和体外均具有一定的抗菌和抗炎作用,尤其在抗绿脓杆菌、抑制军团杆菌、百日咳杆菌、杀灭肠道致病菌等方面具有很好的效果。
我国茶叶种植面积位居世界前列,是世界主要的茶叶出口国门。我国西南地区是原始野生茶树主要集中地区,当属茶树的原产地,有悠久的种茶历史,发展当地茶叶是当地农民脱贫致富的骨干项目。然而目前我国茶叶资源浪费比较严重,一般只采春茶,或采少量秋茶供于茶饮品使用,对于大量的老叶茶叶都没有被利用而全部废弃。如何有效地对老叶茶叶进行开发利用,这对于茶叶产业的发展具有重要和深远的意义。老叶茶叶生产时间较长,含有较高重金属素元素,这大大限制了老叶茶叶的应用。
烟草也称仙草,是一味传统的中药材,它的无机成分包括水、矿质元素;有机成分主要包括糖类、生物碱、杂环类、色素、酚类、萜类、有机酸类、脂质类、醇类、醛酮类等。其中,烟草中有机成分具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化活性、清除体内自由基等多种功能。现已经被广泛用于抗菌领域。
现已有不少关于茶提取物在抗辐射护肤品方面的应用,但其茶提取物多以成品茶制成,成本加高;而且目前还没有关于茶与烟叶复合在抗辐射护肤品方面的应用。如CN201810352206.9的专利公开了一种及一种抗辐射制剂及其应用,由珍珠粉提取物和绿茶提取物与水复配而成,上述物质复配形成的溶液浓度为0.1-8.0mg/l。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种茶叶复合提取物及其制备和应用,具体是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种茶叶复合提取物,是由老叶茶叶和烟叶按6-10:1-3的质量比混合提取制成。
优选地,所述茶叶复合提取物,具体采用如下的方法制成:
(1)将老叶茶叶、烟叶分别置于萎凋槽中,采用30-35℃的热风萎凋,冷却至常温;
(2)将萎凋冷却后的老叶茶叶与烟叶混合,加入其质量0.5-1%的淀粉混匀,得到混合物A;将混合物A放入揉捻机中轻揉30-40min后,加入质量0.01-0.02w%的复合菌液A混匀,在25-30℃下处理6-8h,制得一次发酵物;
(3)将一次发酵物再放入揉捻机中轻揉8-10min后,加到乙醇溶液中浸泡处理3-5min,捞出,采用200-220℃蒸汽处理20-30s,再在50-60℃下干燥至含水量低于20%,制得干燥物;
(4)将干燥物粉碎,加入其质量0.01-0.02%的海藻糖脂,控制其含水率为30-40%,制得混合物B;向混合物B中加入其质量0.03-0.04%的复合菌液B混匀,在25-30℃下处理3-4h,灭菌,制得二次发酵物;
(5)向二次发酵物中加入其质量8-10倍的50%乙醇溶液制成混合溶液,搅拌升温提取,过滤;将滤液再进行纳滤,制得提取液;将提取液回减压回收乙醇后,冷冻干燥至含水率低于10%,即得茶叶复合提取物。
优选地,所述步骤(1),老叶茶叶萎凋至含水率为60-70%;烟叶萎凋至含水量为30-40%。
优选地,所述复合菌液A为嗜酸硫杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌的混合菌液;其中嗜酸硫杆菌的浓度为2-4×106cfu/ml,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的浓度为4-6×104cfu/ml。
优选地,所述步骤(3),所述乙醇溶液中含有40-50w%乙醇、柠檬酸10-15w%;所述乙醇溶液的温度为35-40℃。
优选地,所述复合菌液B为假单孢菌、曲霉菌的混合菌液;其中曲霉菌的浓度为3-5×106cfu/ml,假单孢菌的浓度为1-2×104cfu/ml。
优选地,所述步骤(5),搅拌升温提取是将混合溶液以1-2℃/min搅拌升温至60-70℃,保温提取20-25min。
本发明还提供了一种茶叶复合提取物在抗辐射、抗衰老乳液中的应用,按重量份取1-2份茶叶复合提取物、0.1-0.2份微晶纤维素、1-2份壳聚糖、3-4份大豆磷脂、0.5-1份橄榄油、60-70份水;然后将各原料混合送入到乳化机中以10000r/min的转速剪切乳化5-6min,即得乳液。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明在茶叶复合提取物制备过程中,先采用复合菌液A对轻揉后的老叶茶叶、烟叶进行处理,复合菌液A中的嗜酸硫杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌在发酵处理过程中能与老叶茶叶以及烟叶中的重金素元素、残留农药等发生相互作用,促使重金元素的溶出及残留农药的降解;然后采用含有柠檬酸的乙醇溶液对揉捻后的茶叶、烟叶进行浸泡,能有效成浸出其中的重金素元素。采用假单孢菌、曲霉菌的复合菌液B对复合物B进行发酵处理,能有效提高老叶茶叶、烟叶中生物活性物质的溶出率,促进生物活性物质的转化,提高其活性。过滤后采用纳滤进行分离,能有效去滤液中的大分子物质和重金属离子。
本发明制备的茶叶复合提取物,具有生物活性高、稳定性强、防腐性能好的特点;将茶叶复合提取物与微晶纤维素、壳聚糖、大豆磷脂、橄榄油等物质混合制成的天然乳液,具有良好的抗辐射、抗衰老功效。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
一种茶叶复合提取物,具体采用如下的方法制成:
(1)按6-10:1-3的质量比取老叶茶叶、烟叶分别置于萎凋槽中,采用30-35℃的热风萎凋;老叶茶叶萎凋至含水率为60-70%;烟叶萎凋至含水量为30-40%;萎凋后冷却至常温;
(2)将萎凋冷却后的老叶茶叶与烟叶混合,加入其质量0.5-1%的淀粉混匀,得到混合物A;将混合物A放入揉捻机中轻揉30-40min后,加入质量0.01-0.02w%的复合菌液A混匀,在25-30℃下处理6-8h,制得一次发酵物;
(3)将一次发酵物再放入揉捻机中轻揉8-10min后,加到乙醇溶液中浸泡处理3-5min,捞出,采用200-220℃蒸汽处理20-30s,再在50-60℃下干燥至含水量低于20%,制得干燥物;
(4)将干燥物粉碎,加入其质量0.01-0.02%的海藻糖脂,控制其含水率为30-40%,制得混合物B;向混合物B中加入其质量0.03-0.04%的复合菌液B混匀,在25-30℃下处理3-4h,灭菌,制得二次发酵物;
(5)向二次发酵物中加入其质量8-10倍的50%乙醇溶液制成混合溶液,搅拌升温提取,过滤;将滤液再进行纳滤,制得提取液;将提取液回减压回收乙醇后,冷冻干燥至含水率低于10%,即得茶叶复合提取物。
所述复合菌液A为嗜酸硫杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌的混合菌液;其中嗜酸硫杆菌的浓度为2-4×106cfu/ml,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的浓度为4-6×104cfu/ml。
所述步骤(3),所述乙醇溶液中含有40-50w%乙醇、柠檬酸10-15w%;所述乙醇溶液的温度为35-40℃。
所述复合菌液B为假单孢菌、曲霉菌的混合菌液;其中曲霉菌的浓度为3-5×106cfu/ml,假单孢菌的浓度为1-2×104cfu/ml。
所述步骤(5),搅拌升温提取是将混合溶液以1-2℃/min搅拌升温至60-70℃,保温提取20-25min。
取上述制成的茶叶复合提取物,制备抗辐射、抗衰老乳液,包括以下过程:
按重量份取1-2份茶叶复合提取物、0.1-0.2份微晶纤维素、1-2份壳聚糖、3-4份大豆磷脂、0.5-1份橄榄油、60-70份水;然后将各原料混合送入到乳化机中以10000r/min的转速剪切乳化5-6min,即得乳液。
实施例2
一种茶叶复合提取物,具体采用如下的方法制成:
(1)按6-10:1-3的质量比取老叶茶叶、烟叶分别置于萎凋槽中,采用30-35℃的热风萎凋;老叶茶叶萎凋至含水率为60-70%;烟叶萎凋至含水量为30-40%;萎凋后冷却至常温;
(2)将萎凋冷却后的老叶茶叶与烟叶混合,加入其质量0.5-1%的淀粉混匀,得到混合物A;将混合物A放入揉捻机中轻揉30-40min后,加入质量0.01-0.02w%的复合菌液A混匀,在25-30℃下处理6-8h,制得一次发酵物;
(3)将一次发酵物再放入揉捻机中轻揉8-10min后,加到乙醇溶液中浸泡处理3-5min,捞出,采用200-220℃蒸汽处理20-30s,再在50-60℃下干燥至含水量低于20%,制得干燥物;
(4)将干燥物粉碎,加入其质量0.01-0.02%的海藻糖脂,控制其含水率为30-40%,制得混合物B;向混合物B中加入其质量0.03-0.04%的复合菌液B混匀,在25-30℃下处理3-4h,灭菌,制得二次发酵物;
(5)向二次发酵物中加入其质量8-10倍的50%乙醇溶液制成混合溶液,搅拌升温提取,过滤;将滤液再进行纳滤,制得提取液;将提取液回减压回收乙醇后,冷冻干燥至含水率低于10%,即得茶叶复合提取物。
所述复合菌液A为嗜酸硫杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌的混合菌液;其中嗜酸硫杆菌的浓度为2-4×106cfu/ml,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的浓度为4-6×104cfu/ml。
所述步骤(3),所述乙醇溶液中含有40-50w%乙醇、柠檬酸10-15w%;所述乙醇溶液的温度为35-40℃。
所述复合菌液B为假单孢菌、曲霉菌的混合菌液;其中曲霉菌的浓度为3-5×106cfu/ml,假单孢菌的浓度为1-2×104cfu/ml。
所述步骤(5),搅拌升温提取是将混合溶液以1-2℃/min搅拌升温至60-70℃,保温提取20-25min。
取上述制成的茶叶复合提取物,制备抗辐射、抗衰老乳液,包括以下过程:
按重量份取1-2份茶叶复合提取物、0.1-0.2份微晶纤维素、1-2份壳聚糖、3-4份大豆磷脂、0.5-1份橄榄油、60-70份水;然后将各原料混合送入到乳化机中以10000r/min的转速剪切乳化5-6min,即得乳液。
实施例3
一种茶叶复合提取物,具体采用如下的方法制成:
(1)按6-10:1-3的质量比取老叶茶叶、烟叶分别置于萎凋槽中,采用30-35℃的热风萎凋;老叶茶叶萎凋至含水率为60-70%;烟叶萎凋至含水量为30-40%;萎凋后冷却至常温;
(2)将萎凋冷却后的老叶茶叶与烟叶混合,加入其质量0.5-1%的淀粉混匀,得到混合物A;将混合物A放入揉捻机中轻揉30-40min后,加入质量0.01-0.02w%的复合菌液A混匀,在25-30℃下处理6-8h,制得一次发酵物;
(3)将一次发酵物再放入揉捻机中轻揉8-10min后,加到乙醇溶液中浸泡处理3-5min,捞出,采用200-220℃蒸汽处理20-30s,再在50-60℃下干燥至含水量低于20%,制得干燥物;
(4)将干燥物粉碎,加入其质量0.01-0.02%的海藻糖脂,控制其含水率为30-40%,制得混合物B;向混合物B中加入其质量0.03-0.04%的复合菌液B混匀,在25-30℃下处理3-4h,灭菌,制得二次发酵物;
(5)向二次发酵物中加入其质量8-10倍的50%乙醇溶液制成混合溶液,搅拌升温提取,过滤;将滤液再进行纳滤,制得提取液;将提取液回减压回收乙醇后,冷冻干燥至含水率低于10%,即得茶叶复合提取物。
所述复合菌液A为嗜酸硫杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌的混合菌液;其中嗜酸硫杆菌的浓度为2-4×106cfu/ml,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的浓度为4-6×104cfu/ml。
所述步骤(3),所述乙醇溶液中含有40-50w%乙醇、柠檬酸10-15w%;所述乙醇溶液的温度为35-40℃。
所述复合菌液B为假单孢菌、曲霉菌的混合菌液;其中曲霉菌的浓度为3-5×106cfu/ml,假单孢菌的浓度为1-2×104cfu/ml。
所述步骤(5),搅拌升温提取是将混合溶液以1-2℃/min搅拌升温至60-70℃,保温提取20-25min。
取上述制成的茶叶复合提取物,制备抗辐射、抗衰老乳液,包括以下过程:
按重量份取1-2份茶叶复合提取物、0.1-0.2份微晶纤维素、1-2份壳聚糖、3-4份大豆磷脂、0.5-1份橄榄油、60-70份水;然后将各原料混合送入到乳化机中以10000r/min的转速剪切乳化5-6min,即得乳液。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于没有步骤(4),是将干燥物粉碎后直接加入50%乙醇溶液进行提取;其余过程相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于没有步骤(2),是将混合物轻揉30-40min后直接加到步骤(3)的乙醇溶液中浸泡;其余过程相同。
对比例3茶叶提取物
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于提取原料只有老叶茶叶;其余过程相同。
对比例4烟叶提取物
对比例4与实施例1的区别在于提取原料只有烟叶;其余过程相同。
实验例1
取实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的茶叶复合提取物,对比例3制备的茶叶提取物,对比例4制备的烟叶提取物;测量其中的Pb、As含量;As检测按照GB/T 5009.11-2003食品中总砷及无机砷的测定进行;Pb检测按照GB/T 5009.12-2010。测量结果如表1所示:
表1
实验例2自由基清除试验
试验原理:DPPH·在有机溶剂中是一种稳定的自由基,其孤对电子在517nm附近有强吸收(显深紫色)。当有机清除剂存在时,孤对电子被配对,吸收消失或减弱,通过测定吸收减弱的程度,可评价自由基清除剂的活性。
试验样品:样品1-7:实施例1-7制备的天然乳液。
试验方法:分别待测品溶液2mL、浓度为120μmoL/L的DPPH溶液2mL,先后加入同一具塞试管中,摇匀;室温下静置30min,于517nm波长下测定样品吸光度。
抑制率:K%=[1-(A0-A1)/A2]×100%
A0:2mLDPPH溶液+2mL待测品溶液的吸光度
A1:2mL待测品溶液+2mL溶剂的吸光度
A2:2mLDPPH溶液+2mL溶剂的吸光度
待测品溶液是将乳液用50%乙醇溶液稀释成浓度为0.5mg/ml的溶液;溶剂为50%乙醇。
分别在0个月、6个月、12个月检测其对DPPH的清除率,保存方法:玻璃瓶中,密闭保存,保存环境为室内常规放置,避免阳光直射。
实验结果如表1所所示:
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 | |
0个月 | 95.1% | 95.3% | 94.8% | 82.1% | 93.1% | 91.4 | 87.3% |
6个月 | 91.4% | 91.2% | 90.7% | 74.9% | 87.7% | 85.4% | 81.4% |
12个月 | 86.7% | 87.1% | 85.9% | 64.1% | 81.3% | 74.9% | 70.20% |
从上表中可知,实施例1-3制备的的乳液对自由基的清除率高于对比例1-4,有显著性差异的,说明本发明制备的乳液有更强的自由基清除率,抗辐射、抗衰老效果更好;且自由基清除率随着时间延长的下降率低于对比例对比例1-4,说明本发明实施例1-3制备的乳液其稳定性强于对比例1-4制备的乳液。
在此有必要指出的是,以上实施例和试验例仅限于对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述和理解,不能理解为对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,本领域技术人员作出的非突出实质性特征和显著进步的发明创造,仍然属于本发明的保护范畴。
Claims (5)
1.一种茶叶复合提取物,其特征在于,是由老叶茶叶和烟叶按6-10:1-3的质量比混合提取制成;
具体采用如下的方法制成:
(1)将老叶茶叶、烟叶分别置于萎凋槽中,采用30-35℃的热风萎凋,冷却至常温;
(2)将萎凋冷却后的老叶茶叶与烟叶混合,加入其质量0.5-1%的淀粉混匀,得到混合物A;将混合物A放入揉捻机中轻揉30-40min后,加入质量0.01-0.02w%的复合菌液A混匀,在25-30℃下处理6-8h,制得一次发酵物;
(3)将一次发酵物再放入揉捻机中轻揉8-10min后,加到乙醇溶液中浸泡处理3-5min,捞出,采用200-220℃蒸汽处理20-30s,再在50-60℃下干燥至含水量低于20%,制得干燥物;
(4)将干燥物粉碎,加入其质量0.01-0.02%的海藻糖脂,控制其含水率为30-40%,制得混合物B;向混合物B中加入其质量0.03-0.04%的复合菌液B混匀,在25-30℃下处理3-4h,灭菌,制得二次发酵物;
(5)向二次发酵物中加入其质量8-10倍的50%乙醇溶液制成混合溶液,搅拌升温提取,过滤;将滤液再进行纳滤,制得提取液;将提取液回减压回收乙醇后,冷冻干燥至含水率低于10%,即得茶叶复合提取物;
所述复合菌液A为嗜酸硫杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌的混合菌液;其中嗜酸硫杆菌的浓度为2-4×106cfu/ml,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的浓度为4-6×104cfu/ml;
所述复合菌液B为假单孢菌、曲霉菌的混合菌液;其中曲霉菌的浓度为3-5×106cfu/ml,假单孢菌的浓度为1-2×104cfu/ml。
2.如权利要求1所述的茶叶复合提取物,其特征在于,所述步骤(1),老叶茶叶萎凋至含水率为60-70%;烟叶萎凋至含水量为30-40%。
3.如权利要求1所述的茶叶复合提取物,其特征在于,所述步骤(3),所述乙醇溶液中含有40-50w%乙醇、柠檬酸10-15w%;所述乙醇溶液的温度为35-40℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的茶叶复合提取物,其特征在于,所述步骤(5),搅拌升温提取是将混合溶液以1-2℃/min搅拌升温至60-70℃,保温提取20-25min。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的茶叶复合提取物在制备抗辐射、抗衰老乳液中的应用,其特征在于,按重量份取1-2份茶叶复合提取物、0.1-0.2份微晶纤维素、1-2份壳聚糖、3-4份大豆磷脂、0.5-1份橄榄油、60-70份水;然后将各原料混合送入到乳化机中以10000r/min的转速剪切乳化5-6min,即得乳液。
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