CN110959462A - Greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry branch agaric, which comprises greenhouse construction, rejuvenation, puncturing, germination accelerating, bag hanging, ear emergence and harvesting.

Description

Greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and agaric.

Background

The mulberry branch agaric is agaric cultivated by mulberry branches, is called mulberry agaric, is mushroom grown on old mulberry trees, is similar to a cloud in shape, is called mulberry mysterious fungus, and is mostly wild in the past. The characteristics of the agaric cultivated by the mulberry branches are changed, the temperature is mainly used, but the special nutrient substances of the agaric are completely reserved, and the agaric can be eaten by people with cold bodies. The mulberry branches are very suitable for the growth of the black fungus, and the black fungus cultivated by the mulberry branches has the functions of reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting aging, eliminating free radicals, enhancing immunity and the like. The characteristics of the agaric cultivated by the mulberry branches are changed, the temperature is mainly used, but the special nutrient substances of the agaric are completely reserved, and the agaric can be eaten by people with cold bodies. The mulberry branches are very suitable for the growth of the black fungus, and the black fungus cultivated by the mulberry branches has the functions of reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting aging, eliminating free radicals, enhancing immunity and the like;

at present, the artificial cultivation of the agaric adopts the inoculation of strains in a culture medium which takes the sawdust of miscellaneous trees such as oak, birch, maple, locust, poplar, mulberry, fruit trees and the like as a main part, and along with the reduction of forest resources, the tree planting and afforestation are a very slow process, so that the output of the sawdust is inevitably less and less, a large amount of sugarcane is planted in vast southern areas, and the bagasse after sugar pressing is often piled as garbage to rot and deteriorate in sugar factory areas, thereby not only influencing the environment but also causing the waste of resources, and therefore, the research of a new cultivation method of the agaric is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus comprises the following steps:

(1) building a greenhouse:

the ground of the greenhouse needs to be flat, embedded parts are arranged below the upright posts, diagonal tension is well done, and the greenhouse needs to be firm and not to incline; the two sides of the greenhouse are provided with ground anchors for compacting a greenhouse film and a sunshade net, the upper part of the greenhouse top is provided with a spray water hose for cooling, the inside and the outside of the greenhouse have good drainage, the micro spray pipe is arranged on an inner bow or a cross beam, the spray head is 2 meters, the spray head is 1-1.5 meters, the greenhouse is firstly buckled with plastic and then buckled with the sunshade net, and meanwhile, the smooth ventilation of the greenhouse is ensured;

(2) rejuvenation, pricking and germination;

a. rejuvenation: covering a straw curtain on the greenhouse ground, then moving the fungus bags to the straw curtain to be stacked, covering the fungus bags with the straw curtain for shading sun and cooling, and covering plastic cloth for moisturizing;

b. puncturing holes: each fungus bag is cultivated in the greenhouse with about 180 plus 200 holes, a round nail opening and a small straight-line-shaped opening are preferably adopted, the hole diameter is 3-4 mm, the hole depth is 6-8 mm, the holes can be sealed by hyphae under the shading condition after 5-7 days of punching, and the bags can be hung after the holes are sealed for 3-4 days;

c. accelerating germination: the management key points of the bag hanging to the agaric primordium forming period are as follows: cooling, moisturizing and ventilating lightly; in the stage, moisture preservation is mainly adopted, ventilation is adopted as an auxiliary, the temperature is increased in the morning and evening, and the temperature is controlled to be not higher than 25 ℃; in the germination accelerating period, the ground is watered thoroughly, the humidity of day and night in the shed is kept to be about 80% by combining spray water, the water is sprayed properly to prevent water from entering the fungus bags to generate moss, the fungus bags can be watered before 3 days after the hyphae are recovered, the water is sprayed intermittently every day to ensure that the humidity reaches 90%, the stage is forbidden to be watered heavily, the moisture is kept mainly, the ventilation is carried out for 2 times every day, and the fungus primordium can be formed after 7-10 days;

(3) hanging a bag;

in areas with low high altitude temperature, autumn ears can begin to hang bags in the middle ten days of 8 months at the earliest time, and harvesting is finished at the bottom of 12 months; the winter ears are hung in bags in 12 months, after picking in 4 months, the bags are hung in a mode of single hook and double lines generally, when the bags are hung, a fungus bag is placed between two strands of ropes, a hook made of a thin iron wire is placed on the bags, the ropes are pulled inwards by the hook to tighten the fungus bag, the fungus bag is placed on the bags, the hooks are placed on the fungus bag, the bag hanging is carried out in a mode that the opening of the bag is downward, and the bags are hung in rows in a delta shape; the density of the hanging bags is 70-75 bags per square meter, each string is hung with 7-8 bags, the distance between strings is 20-25 cm, and the distance between the bottommost fungus bag and the ground is more than 40 cm;

(4) ear emergence and harvesting;

a. watering: the edible fungus grows in an environment with proper temperature and alternate dryness and wetness, the growth speed of the edible fungus can be reduced by watering at a relatively low temperature or at night, the edible fungus is completely wetted during watering, then the edible fungus is watered for 10-20 minutes every hour, and the humidity in a shed is controlled to be about 90%; watering more in the daytime and less in the nighttime when the temperature is low in winter or early spring, and watering from 4 pm to 7 pm in spring according to the local temperature; watering from 5 pm to 7 pm after summer;

b. ventilating at normal times;

c. harvesting: harvesting when the edible fungus grows to 3 cm in time, placing a sunning net or a woven bag on the ground during harvesting, picking the edible fungus with two hands to save labor, and stopping watering one day before harvesting the edible fungus; when the agaric is harvested for half, the water is cut off once, the agaric is watered in a medium rain environment after being dried in the sun for 1 to 2 days, and two tide of agaric primordia can be formed after about 1 week; after 2-3 times of ear picking, if the fungus bag is still relatively hard and white, which indicates that the nutrient substances in the fungus bag are not completely converted, the fungus bag on the lifting rope can be fallen to the ground, a cross-shaped opening is opened at the top end by a blade, then the fungus bag is densely arranged in a shed, 4-5 times of watering is carried out in the morning and evening, 1 hour of watering is carried out each time, and the watering is stopped for 30 minutes;

d. and (3) airing: and (4) drying in the sun by adopting a drying net, picking agaric with silt at the bottom, cleaning and drying in the sun.

The invention has the advantages that:

the cultivation method replaces the traditional cultivation method which adopts the mixed wood chips such as bagasse, fruit trees and the like as raw materials, the rotting and accumulation are avoided, the environment can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the method has high adaptability to soil and air environment, the finished product obtained by the cultivation method is high in quality, and the agaric cultivated by using mulberry branches has the functions of reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting aging, removing free radicals, enhancing immunity and the like.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus comprises the following steps:

(1) building a greenhouse:

the ground of the greenhouse needs to be flat, embedded parts are arranged below the upright posts, diagonal tension is well done, and the greenhouse needs to be firm and not to incline; the two sides of the greenhouse are provided with ground anchors for compacting a greenhouse film and a sunshade net, the upper part of the greenhouse top is provided with a spray water hose for cooling, the inside and the outside of the greenhouse have good drainage, the micro-spray pipes are arranged on the inner bow or the cross beam, the number of the micro-spray pipes is 2 meters, the number of the micro-spray pipes is 1 meter, the greenhouse is firstly buckled with plastic and then buckled with the sunshade net, and meanwhile, the smooth ventilation of the greenhouse is ensured;

(2) rejuvenation, pricking and germination;

a. rejuvenation: covering a straw curtain on the greenhouse ground, then moving the fungus bags to the straw curtain to be stacked, covering the fungus bags with the straw curtain for shading sun and cooling, and covering plastic cloth for moisturizing;

b. puncturing holes: each fungus bag is cultivated in the hanging bag of the greenhouse, the hole diameter is 3 mm, the hole depth is 6 mm, the hypha can seal the hole under the shading condition 5 days after the hole is punctured, and the bag can be hung after the hole is sealed for 3 days;

c. accelerating germination: the management key points of the bag hanging to the agaric primordium forming period are as follows: cooling, moisturizing and ventilating lightly; in the stage, moisture preservation is mainly adopted, ventilation is adopted as an auxiliary, the temperature is increased in the morning and evening, and the temperature is controlled to be not higher than 25 ℃; in the germination accelerating period, the ground is watered thoroughly, the humidity of day and night in the shed is kept to be about 80% by combining with spray water, the water spraying is proper, the water is prevented from entering the fungus bags to generate moss, the fungus is watered on the bags after 3 days of hypha recovery, the water is sprayed intermittently every day, the humidity reaches 90%, the heavy water is forbidden to be poured in the stage, the moisture preservation is taken as the main purpose, and the ventilation is carried out for 2 times every day;

(3) hanging a bag;

in areas with low high altitude temperature, autumn ears can begin to hang bags in the middle ten days of 8 months at the earliest time, and harvesting is finished at the bottom of 12 months; the winter ears are hung in bags in 12 months, after picking in 4 months, the bags are hung in a mode of single hook and double lines generally, when the bags are hung, a fungus bag is placed between two strands of ropes, a hook made of a thin iron wire is placed on the bags, the ropes are pulled inwards by the hook to tighten the fungus bag, the fungus bag is placed on the bags, the hooks are placed on the fungus bag, the bag hanging is carried out in a mode that the opening of the bag is downward, and the bags are hung in rows in a delta shape; the density of the hanging bags is 70 bags/square meter, 7 bags are hung in each string, the distance between the strings is 20 cm, and the distance between the bottommost fungus bags and the ground is more than 40 cm;

(4) ear emergence and harvesting;

a. watering: the agaric grows in an environment with proper temperature and alternate dryness and wetness, the growth speed of the agaric can be reduced by watering at a relatively low temperature or at night, the agaric is completely wetted completely when watering is carried out, then watering is carried out for 10 minutes per hour, and the humidity in a shed is controlled to be about 90%; watering more in the daytime and less in the nighttime when the temperature is low in winter or early spring, and watering from 4 pm to 7 pm in spring according to the local temperature; watering from 5 pm to 7 pm after summer;

b. ventilating at normal times;

c. harvesting: harvesting when the edible fungus grows to 3 cm in time, placing a sunning net or a woven bag on the ground during harvesting, picking the edible fungus with two hands to save labor, and stopping watering one day before harvesting the edible fungus; when the agaric is harvested for half, the water is cut off once, and after the agaric is aired for 1 day, the agaric is watered in a middle-rain environment, and two tide of agaric primordia can be formed in about 1 week; after 2 tide of ears are picked up, if the fungus bags are still relatively hard and white, the nutrient substances in the fungus bags are not completely converted, at the moment, the fungus bags on the lifting ropes can be landed, a cross-shaped opening is formed at the top end of the fungus bags by a blade, then the fungus bags are densely placed in a shed, and are watered for 4 times in the morning and evening, 1 hour for each time, and the fungus bags are stopped for 30 minutes;

d. and (3) airing: and (4) drying in the sun by adopting a drying net, picking agaric with silt at the bottom, cleaning and drying in the sun.

Example 2

A greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus comprises the following steps:

(1) building a greenhouse:

the ground of the greenhouse needs to be flat, embedded parts are arranged below the upright posts, diagonal tension is well done, and the greenhouse needs to be firm and not to incline; the two sides of the greenhouse are provided with ground anchors for compacting a greenhouse film and a sunshade net, the upper part of the greenhouse top is provided with a spray water hose for cooling, the inside and the outside of the greenhouse have good drainage, the micro spray pipe is arranged on an inner bow or a cross beam, the spray head is 2 meters, the spray head is 1.5 meters, the greenhouse is firstly buckled with plastic and then buckled with the sunshade net, and meanwhile, the smooth ventilation of the greenhouse is ensured;

(2) rejuvenation, pricking and germination;

a. rejuvenation: covering a straw curtain on the greenhouse ground, then moving the fungus bags to the straw curtain to be stacked, covering the fungus bags with the straw curtain for shading sun and cooling, and covering plastic cloth for moisturizing;

b. puncturing holes: each fungus bag is about 200 holes in the hanging bag cultivation of the greenhouse, a round nail opening and a small straight-line-shaped opening are preferably used, the aperture is 3-4 mm, the hole depth is 8 mm, the hole can be sealed by hyphae under the shading condition 7 days after the hole is punctured, and the bag can be hung after the hole is sealed for 4 days;

c. accelerating germination: the management key points of the bag hanging to the agaric primordium forming period are as follows: cooling, moisturizing and ventilating lightly; in the stage, moisture preservation is mainly adopted, ventilation is adopted as an auxiliary, the temperature is increased in the morning and evening, and the temperature is controlled to be not higher than 25 ℃; watering the ground thoroughly in the germination accelerating period, keeping the humidity of the greenhouse in the day and night of about 80% by combining spray water, spraying proper water to prevent water from entering the fungus bags to generate moss, watering the fungus bags after 3 days of hypha recovery, intermittently spraying water every day to make the humidity reach 90%, and at this stage, watering heavy water is forbidden, mainly keeping moisture, ventilating for 2 times every day, and continuing for 10 days to form fungus primordium;

(3) hanging a bag;

in areas with low high altitude temperature, autumn ears can begin to hang bags in the middle ten days of 8 months at the earliest time, and harvesting is finished at the bottom of 12 months; the winter ears are hung in bags in 12 months, after picking in 4 months, the bags are hung in a mode of single hook and double lines generally, when the bags are hung, a fungus bag is placed between two strands of ropes, a hook made of a thin iron wire is placed on the bags, the ropes are pulled inwards by the hook to tighten the fungus bag, the fungus bag is placed on the bags, the hooks are placed on the fungus bag, the bag hanging is carried out in a mode that the opening of the bag is downward, and the bags are hung in rows in a delta shape; the density of the hanging bags is 75 bags/square meter, each string is hung with 8 bags, the distance between the strings is 25 cm, and the distance between the bottommost fungus bag and the ground is more than 40 cm;

(4) ear emergence and harvesting;

a. watering: the agaric grows in an environment with proper temperature and alternate dryness and wetness, the growth speed of the agaric can be reduced by watering at a relatively low temperature or at night, the agaric is completely wetted completely when watering is carried out, then watering is carried out for 20 minutes per hour, and the humidity in a shed is controlled to be about 90%; watering more in the daytime and less in the nighttime when the temperature is low in winter or early spring, and watering from 4 pm to 7 pm in spring according to the local temperature; watering from 5 pm to 7 pm after summer;

b. ventilating at normal times;

c. harvesting: harvesting when the edible fungus grows to 3 cm in time, placing a sunning net or a woven bag on the ground during harvesting, picking the edible fungus with two hands to save labor, and stopping watering one day before harvesting the edible fungus; when the agaric is harvested for half, the water is cut off once, and after the agaric is aired for 2 days, the agaric is watered in a middle rain environment, and two tide of agaric primordia can be formed in about 1 week; after 3 times of ear picking, if the fungus bag is still hard, solid and white, which indicates that the nutrient substances in the fungus bag are not completely converted, the fungus bag on the lifting rope can be fallen to the ground, a cross-shaped opening is formed at the top end by a blade, then the fungus bag is densely placed in a shed, 5 times of watering is carried out in the morning and evening, 1 hour of watering is carried out each time, and the watering is stopped for 30 minutes;

d. and (3) airing: and (4) drying in the sun by adopting a drying net, picking agaric with silt at the bottom, cleaning and drying in the sun.

Claims (1)

1. A greenhouse bag hanging cultivation method for mulberry twig and edible fungus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) building a greenhouse:

the ground of the greenhouse needs to be flat, embedded parts are arranged below the upright posts, diagonal tension is well done, and the greenhouse needs to be firm and not to incline; the two sides of the greenhouse are provided with ground anchors for compacting a greenhouse film and a sunshade net, the upper part of the greenhouse top is provided with a spray water hose for cooling, the inside and the outside of the greenhouse have good drainage, the micro spray pipe is arranged on an inner bow or a cross beam, the spray head is 2 meters, the spray head is 1-1.5 meters, the greenhouse is firstly buckled with plastic and then buckled with the sunshade net, and meanwhile, the smooth ventilation of the greenhouse is ensured;

(2) rejuvenation, pricking and germination;

a. rejuvenation: covering a straw curtain on the greenhouse ground, then moving the fungus bags to the straw curtain to be stacked, covering the fungus bags with the straw curtain for shading sun and cooling, and covering plastic cloth for moisturizing;

b. puncturing holes: each fungus bag is cultivated in the greenhouse with about 180 plus 200 holes, a round nail opening and a small straight-line-shaped opening are preferably adopted, the hole diameter is 3-4 mm, the hole depth is 6-8 mm, the holes can be sealed by hyphae under the shading condition after 5-7 days of punching, and the bags can be hung after the holes are sealed for 3-4 days;

c. accelerating germination: the management key points of the bag hanging to the agaric primordium forming period are as follows: cooling, moisturizing and ventilating lightly; in the stage, moisture preservation is mainly adopted, ventilation is adopted as an auxiliary, the temperature is increased in the morning and evening, and the temperature is controlled to be not higher than 25 ℃; in the germination accelerating period, the ground is watered thoroughly, the humidity of day and night in the shed is kept to be about 80% by combining spray water, the water is sprayed properly to prevent water from entering the fungus bags to generate moss, the fungus bags can be watered before 3 days after the hyphae are recovered, the water is sprayed intermittently every day to ensure that the humidity reaches 90%, the stage is forbidden to be watered heavily, the moisture is kept mainly, the ventilation is carried out for 2 times every day, and the fungus primordium can be formed after 7-10 days;

(3) hanging a bag;

in areas with low high altitude temperature, autumn ears can begin to hang bags in the middle ten days of 8 months at the earliest time, and harvesting is finished at the bottom of 12 months; the winter ears are hung in bags in 12 months, after picking in 4 months, the bags are hung in a mode of single hook and double lines generally, when the bags are hung, a fungus bag is placed between two strands of ropes, a hook made of a thin iron wire is placed on the bags, the ropes are pulled inwards by the hook to tighten the fungus bag, the fungus bag is placed on the bags, the hooks are placed on the fungus bag, the bag hanging is carried out in a mode that the opening of the bag is downward, and the bags are hung in rows in a delta shape; the density of the hanging bags is 70-75 bags per square meter, each string is hung with 7-8 bags, the distance between strings is 20-25 cm, and the distance between the bottommost fungus bag and the ground is more than 40 cm;

(4) ear emergence and harvesting;

a. watering: the edible fungus grows in an environment with proper temperature and alternate dryness and wetness, the growth speed of the edible fungus can be reduced by watering at a relatively low temperature or at night, the edible fungus is completely wetted during watering, then the edible fungus is watered for 10-20 minutes every hour, and the humidity in a shed is controlled to be about 90%; watering more in the daytime and less in the nighttime when the temperature is low in winter or early spring, and watering from 4 pm to 7 pm in spring according to the local temperature; watering from 5 pm to 7 pm after summer;

b. ventilating at normal times;

c. harvesting: harvesting when the edible fungus grows to 3 cm in time, placing a sunning net or a woven bag on the ground during harvesting, picking the edible fungus with two hands to save labor, and stopping watering one day before harvesting the edible fungus; when the agaric is harvested for half, the water is cut off once, the agaric is watered in a medium rain environment after being dried in the sun for 1 to 2 days, and two tide of agaric primordia can be formed after about 1 week; after 2-3 times of ear picking, if the fungus bag is still relatively hard and white, which indicates that the nutrient substances in the fungus bag are not completely converted, the fungus bag on the lifting rope can be fallen to the ground, a cross-shaped opening is opened at the top end by a blade, then the fungus bag is densely arranged in a shed, 4-5 times of watering is carried out in the morning and evening, 1 hour of watering is carried out each time, and the watering is stopped for 30 minutes;

d. and (3) airing: and (4) drying in the sun by adopting a drying net, picking agaric with silt at the bottom, cleaning and drying in the sun.