CN110944865B - 燃料箱和车辆 - Google Patents

燃料箱和车辆 Download PDF

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CN110944865B
CN110944865B CN201880054549.5A CN201880054549A CN110944865B CN 110944865 B CN110944865 B CN 110944865B CN 201880054549 A CN201880054549 A CN 201880054549A CN 110944865 B CN110944865 B CN 110944865B
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vehicle
fuel tank
tank
layers
fuel
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CN110944865A (zh
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A.布希霍尔茨
C.舍恩瓦尔德
I.L.扎里奥格卢
M.克劳斯
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Audi AG
Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/073—Tank construction specially adapted to the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
    • B60K15/07—Mounting of tanks of gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/16—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having fluid storage compartment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/084—Mounting arrangements for vessels for small-sized storage vessels, e.g. compressed gas cylinders or bottles, disposable gas vessels, vessels adapted for automotive use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03032—Manufacturing of fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03046—Manufacturing of fuel tanks made from more than one layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B60K2015/03144—Fluid connections between the tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03164—Modular concepts for fuel tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
    • B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0632—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged below the front seat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0633—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged below the rear seat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0634—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged below the vehicle floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0636—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank being part of the chassis or frame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
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    • F17C2205/0119—Vessel walls form part of another structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
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    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
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    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有至少两个彼此堆叠的层(12)的燃料箱(10)，其中，层(12)相应地具有多个依次排列的单罐(14)。此外，本发明涉及一种具有燃料箱(10)的车辆(100)。

Description

燃料箱和车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料箱(Brennstofftank)和一种具有燃料箱的车辆。
背景技术
燃料电池利用燃料与氧气化学反应成水，以便于产生电能。为此，燃料电池作为核心部件包含所谓的膜电极组件(MEA代表membrane electrode assembly(膜电极组件))，其是由传导离子的(大多数传导质子的)膜和相应地在两侧布置在膜处的催化电极(阳极和阴极)构成的结构。后者大多数包括所携带的贵金属、尤其铂。此外，气体扩散层(Gasdiffusionslagen)(GDL)可在膜电极组件的两侧布置在电极的背对膜的侧处。一般而言，燃料电池通过大量布置在堆垛(燃料电池堆)中的MEA构成，其电功率叠加。在各个膜电极组件之间一般而言布置有双极板(也被称作流场板或分隔板)，其确保单电池以工作介质、即反应物的供应且通常同样用于冷却。此外，双极板负责用于相对膜电极组件的导电接触。
在燃料电池的运行中，燃料(阳极工作介质)、尤其氢气H2或含氢气的气体混合物经由阳极的双极板的在阳极侧敞开的流体场来供应，在其处在释出电子的情形下进行由H2至质子H+的电化学氧化(H2→2H++2e-)。经由电解质或将反应空间气密地彼此分开且电气绝缘的膜实现质子从阳极空间到阴极空间中的(结合水的或无水的)输送。在阳极处所提供的电子经由电线被传送给阴极。对于阴极而言经由双极板的在阴极侧敞开的流体场供应氧气或含氧气的气体混合物(例如空气)作为阴极工作介质，从而在接收电子的情形下进行由O2至O2-的还原(1/2O2+2e-→O2-)。同时，在阴极空间中氧阴离子与经由膜被输送的质子在构成水(O2-+2H+→H2O)的情形下起反应。
作为用于燃料的存储器，目前在车辆后部中和在传动装置通道中在不带有结构连结的情形中使用带有700bar最大压力的CFK压力存储器。CFK代表碳纤维增强的塑料或碳材料纤维增强的塑料。同样地，金属混合物存储器的非结构连结是已知的。同样地，在安装位置处的结构连结是已知的，其不显著有助于总刚性。由此得出关于较小的内部空间体积的缺点且此外得出结构空间限制。此外，潜在的结构节省未被利用。
为了补偿这点，目前多个较小的罐子作为单独的箱子的替代被用于呈现出期望的容量和里程，这自身来看引起明显的成本上升。此外，碳纤维箱被用于补偿带有相对必要的结构空间较小的有效容积比的较小的罐子的重量缺点。
DE 10 2005 003 669 A1公开了一种带有框架组装件的机动车，其中，用于燃料的流体存储容积在框架组装件的细长的轨道区段中被限定。
DE 10 2011 051 436 A1公开了一种用于车辆的储氢器(压力存储器)，其充当支承结构的框架的加强。在车辆撞击到障碍物上的情况中，在太高的力被导入到压力存储器中(其可能导致压力存储器的损伤)之前，连接元件失效。
发明内容
本发明此时基于如下目的，即，提出一种相对已知的燃料箱具有提高的刚性的燃料箱。
该目的通过一种根据本发明的燃料箱来实现。
根据本发明，一种带有至少两个彼此堆叠的层的燃料箱可供使用，其中，这些层相应地具有多个依次排列的单罐(Einzeltank)。
通过使燃料箱具有两个彼此堆叠的层、即两个层其主面(最大的面)相对而置，箱子的刚性、尤其弯曲刚性被大大提高。这些层尤其彼此面平行地布置。其存在到车辆的乘员舱(Fahrgastzelle)中的结构集成、即乘员舱的加固的可行性方案。这些层被彼此堆叠不强制意味着如下，即，这些层在空间上彼此相叠，其中，然而这尽管如此可能是这种情况。更确切地说这可意味着如下，即，至少两个层的主面面型地依次排列。单罐尤其平行地依次排列，由此该层被最佳地填充以单罐。这些层尤其在一个平面内延伸，即具有平面的延伸。
优选地，单罐细长(构造)。单罐细长意味着如下，即，其长度大于其宽度、厚度或其直径。优选地，单罐的长度至少五倍地、尤其至少十倍地、特别优选地至少二十倍地与其宽度、厚度或其直径一样大。在此，单罐可具有矩形的、尤其正方形的或圆形的横截面。单罐也可被称作单独的罐子，即尤其是彼此被分开的容积。细长的单罐优选如此地被依次排列，即，单罐的纵向侧被依次排列，由此创造紧凑的燃料箱。
单罐尤其是金属混合物储能器。这样的单罐特别适合用于存储氢气。
优选地，各个层和/或单罐以传导力的方式彼此相连接、尤其被粘住或被拧紧，以便于作为整体进一步提高燃料箱的刚性。
优选地作如下设置，即，细长的单罐的纵向延伸限定了相应的层的定向且至少两个层具有不同的定向。这些层中的其中一个层的单罐于是相对至少一个另外的层的单罐横向地(转动地)布置。由此，燃料箱变得还要更刚性，尤其在第二方向上更弯曲刚性，由此乘员舱的加固(加强)可被进一步提高。
优选地作如下设置，即，这些层的定向彼此具有90°的角度。单罐于是布置在多个彼此以90°转动的层中。因此达到燃料箱的最佳的刚性，因为燃料箱在两个彼此垂直布置的方向上被加固。由此可实现车辆的乘员舱的特别良好的结构集成、即加固。
根据本发明的一种优选的设计方案作如下设置，即，单罐中的至少一个具有在端侧布置的接口，其布置在燃料箱的结构内。该结构尤其被构造用于由燃料箱之外将作用到其上的力传输到单罐处。在此，该结构尤其如此(刚性地)实施，即，接口被保护免受这些力。该接口尤其用于单罐的填充和/或排空。
优选地，该接口构造成一种螺纹套管接头(Verschraubung，有时称为螺纹部)，其是接口的一种特别简单的变体方案。尤其地，该接口包括阀或构造成阀。这是特别有利的，因为相比于燃料电池的运行在加注燃料箱的情形中的工作压力是相对高的。
为了将单罐连结到燃料电池系统的燃料系统处尤其地使用处在内部的在单罐处的接口(即在单罐的结构内，然而通常不在单罐的填充容积内)。因此，该接口被单罐保护且单罐、尤其燃料箱在结构侧具有平面的连结面。由此，该箱子可被用于在碰撞情况中、即在撞击的情形中的负荷传导。
优选地因此作如下设置，即，燃料箱的结构是单罐的结构(尤其单罐的罐盖)。罐盖尤其构造成单罐的突起(Fortsatz)且因此与单罐一件式地(整体式地)实施。由此，到单罐中的特别良好的力传输和接口的特别良好的保护被确保。借助于罐盖(接口盖、尤其阀盖)，因此实现例如到车辆的承载结构处的结构连结。罐盖可尤其地在单罐的端侧处敞开地构造，从而使得至接口的可接近性被确保。因此，单罐不仅可包括单罐的包围单罐的部分区域的填充容积，而且还可包括至少一个另外的与其整体式构造的结构。通过单罐的另外的结构，接口尤其如所描述的那样被保护。
优选地作如下设置，即，燃料箱的结构是与单罐分开的辅助结构。因此，该接口是处在外部的接口(在单罐之外)，其通过额外的结构措施、即辅助结构、尤其通过辅助框架来保护。由此，设计耗费且因此单罐的成本被降低。辅助结构优选构造成轨道，在其内布置有(一层的)单罐的多个、尤其所有的接口。
在(箱子的连结的)接口到罐盖中的先前所提及的集成的情形中尤其未设置有额外的辅助结构(辅助框架)。
优选地作如下设置，即，至少一个单罐具有至少一个供应管道(Versorgungsleitung)，其横向于单罐的纵向延伸被引导穿过结构。该至少一个供应管道尤其包括两个供应管道(尤其输入管道和输出管道)，其可将(一层的)单罐的接口(尤其阀)彼此连接。(用于燃料)的供应管道在一种构造成罐盖的结构的情形中(即在单罐的整体式结构的情形中)被引导穿过罐盖的侧向上的开口且尤其由一个罐盖被引导至下一罐盖。当该结构构造成辅助结构、尤其构造成轨道时，则这些供应管道可在轨道内且由该轨道保护地被引导。
优选地，所有单罐具有所提及的在端侧布置的接口，其中，接口尤其均布置在所提及的结构中的一个或多个内且由其被保护。
此外，一种包括根据本发明的燃料箱的车辆可供使用。优选地，该车辆是燃料电池车辆。该车辆通常具有用于提供用于车辆的(电)驱动马达的电能的燃料电池。因此，燃料箱被设立用于存储用于燃料电池的燃料、尤其氢气。氢气于是充当用于燃料电池车辆的运行燃料。因此，通过本发明创造了一种特别刚性的燃料电池车辆，其通过其在同时提高的变形阻力的情形中、尤其在事故中的降低的质量而出众。
燃料箱优选在结构上被集成到车辆的承载结构、即例如其底盘、其乘员舱或其框架中。由此，车辆的承载结构被加强。换而言之，燃料箱构成车辆的承载结构的一部分。
优选地，燃料箱充当在撞击(碰撞)的情形中(不仅在侧碰而且正碰中)的负荷路径。
优选地，燃料箱如此地布置在车辆中，即，彼此堆叠的层彼此相叠地布置，由此确保燃料箱的紧凑的安装位置。
优选地作如下设置，即，车辆包括燃料箱布置在其下方的乘员舱。因此，燃料箱尤其被集成到车辆底部的承载结构中。由此实现在车辆中部的区域中(即在乘员舱的区域中)的重量节省且此外实现更大的可利用的车辆内部空间。
优选地作如下设置，即，燃料箱的这些层中的其中一个层的定向与车辆纵向相符而燃料箱的另一层的定向与车辆横向相符。因此，车辆不仅在车辆纵向上而且在车辆横向上被加强。此外，乘员舱不仅在侧碰而且在正碰的情形中被更好地保护免受变形。
优选地在此作如下设置，即，带有在车辆纵向上的定向的那层的单罐在乘员舱的整个长度上延伸。此外优选地作如下设置，即，带有在车辆横向上的定向的那层的单罐在乘员舱的整个宽度(尤其在车辆的侧门槛之间)上延伸。因此，乘员舱被最佳地加固(加强)且在撞击的情形中被保护。
本发明的另外的优选的设计方案由说明书得出。
本发明的不同的在该申请中所提及的实施形式只要在个别情况中不另外实施可有利地彼此组合。
附图说明
下面在实施例中借助附图对本发明进行说明。其中：
图1 显示了根据一种优选的设计方案的燃料箱；
图2 显示了燃料箱的详细视图；
图3 显示了根据另一优选的设计方案的燃料箱；且
图4 显示了根据一种优选的设计方案的车辆的示意性图示。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的一种优选的设计方案的燃料箱10。燃料箱10具有至少两个彼此堆叠的层12，其中，层12中的每个相应地具有多个平行地依次排列的单罐14。单罐14细长地构造且如此地依次排列，即，单罐14的纵向侧被依次排列。单罐14可构造成例如用于存储氢气的金属混合物存储器(Metall-Hybrid-Speicher)。在此，金属混合物布置在构造成空心棒的单罐14中。
细长的单罐14的纵向延伸限定了相应的层L1或L2的定向O1或O2。在此，两个层L1和L2具有不同的定向。定向O1和O2于是围成在示出的情况中为90°(度)的角度。如下是容易可见的，即，各个层按照负荷方向具有不同的刚性。通过使两个层12彼此转动以90°布置，燃料箱10在两个正交的方向上具有大约相同的刚性。
单罐14具有在端侧布置的接口16，其在下面可构造成阀16，其布置在燃料箱10的结构18内。结构18在针对燃料箱10的提高的力作用的情况中、例如在撞击的情形中保护阀16。此外，结构18使得燃料箱10到毗邻的(车辆)结构处的连结成为可能且因此用于在(车辆)结构与单罐14之间的力传输。
如在图1中且尤其在图2中显而易见的那样，结构18是单罐14的结构。该结构为此构造成单罐14的在端侧布置的突起且与其整体地连接。因此其也可被称作罐盖、接口盖或阀盖。该结构可在端侧敞开地构造，以便于使得至阀16的接近成为可能。
此外，该结构具有侧向上的开口，其是用于燃料箱10的供应管道24的通口。供应管道24可由此被引导穿过该结构且相应的层12(L1或L2)的单罐14的所有阀16彼此相连接。在此，每个层12可设置有两个供应管道24，一个作为流入管道且一个作为流出管道。
结构18然而无须是单罐14的组成部分。备选地，燃料箱10的结构18同样可构造成与单罐14分开的辅助结构26。辅助结构26与单罐14分开自然不排除如下，即，该辅助结构与单罐14以传导力的方式相连接。
更确切地说这意味着如下，即，作为辅助结构26设置有独立于单罐14被成型的构件。
各个层12(L1和L2)可以传导力的方式彼此相连接(例如被粘住或被拧紧)，以便于进一步提高燃料箱10的刚性。
在图4中可见车辆100，其可构造成燃料电池车辆。在该情况中，车辆100包括用于提供用于车辆100的驱动马达(未示出的牵引马达)的电能的燃料电池(未示出)。燃料箱10用于存储由燃料电池在其运行的情形中被转化成电能的氢气。
车辆100具有乘员舱102，其包围车辆100的座椅104且因此以已知的方式构成对于车辆乘员而言的被保护的空间。在座椅104和乘员舱102下方布置有燃料箱10。在此，燃料箱10可大致占据在乘员舱102下方的整个面。第一层L1的细长的单罐14因此大致在乘员舱102的整个长度上延伸，而第二层L2的单罐14大致在乘员舱102的整个宽度上延伸。因此，借助于燃料箱10存在在车辆100的车头(Vorderwagen，有时称为车辆前部)106与车尾(Hinterwagen，有时称为车辆后部)108之间的力传导。这主要借助于第一层L1实现。此外，两个侧门槛110同样以传导力的方式借助于燃料箱10相连接，其中，这主要通过第二层L2被确保。
为此，燃料箱100的第一层L1的定向O1与车辆纵向FL相符而燃料箱100的第二层L2的定向O2与车辆横向FQ相符。当然，层L1和L2在其布置上可被互换，从而使得第二层L2设置在第一层L1上方。
此外，在根据图1至4的设计方案中还可设置有至少一个另外的层12。在此，该至少一个另外的层的定向可与定向O1或O2相符或与其不同。
总的来说，通过根据本发明的燃料箱10实现燃料箱10的提高的刚性。该提高的刚性可被用于加强且/或更轻地设计根据本发明的车辆100。这在事故的情况中在同时提高的对于车辆100的乘员而言的安全性的情形中实现。
此外，这些实施例的解决方案可彼此组合。
附图标记列表
10 燃料箱
12 层
14 单罐
16 接口/阀
18 燃料箱的结构
24 供应管道
26 辅助结构
L1 第一层
L2 第二层
O1 第一定向/第一层的定向
O2 第二定向/第二层的定向
100 车辆
102 乘员舱
104 座椅
106 车头
108 车尾
110 侧门槛。

Claims (6)

1.带有至少两个彼此堆叠的层(12)的燃料箱(10)，其中所述层(12)相应地具有多个依次排列的单罐(14)，其中所述单罐(14)细长地构造且细长的单罐(14)的纵向延伸限定相应的层(L1或L2)的定向(O1或O2)，其中，所述至少两个层(12)具有不同的定向(O1,O2)，且其中所述层(12)的定向(O1,O2)彼此具有90°的角度，其中，层(12)的多个单罐(14)具有在端侧布置的接口(16)，其布置在所述燃料箱(10)的结构(18)内，其中，所述燃料箱(10)的结构(18)是与所述单罐(14)分开的辅助结构(26)，所述辅助结构构造成轨道并且在所述辅助结构内布置有层的(12)的所述单罐(14)的多个接口(16)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料箱(10)，其特征在于，至少一个所述单罐(14)具有至少一个供应管道(24)，其横向于所述单罐(14)的纵向延伸被引导穿过所述结构(18)。
3.车辆(100)，包括根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的燃料箱(10)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆(100)，其特征在于，所述车辆是燃料电池车辆。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的车辆(100)，其特征在于，所述车辆(100)包括所述燃料箱(10)布置在其下方的乘员舱(102)。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的车辆(100)，其特征在于，所述层中的其中一个层(L1)的定向(O1)与车辆纵向(FL)相符且另一层(L2)的定向(O2)与所述车辆横向(FQ)相符。
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