CN110937884A - 一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110937884A
CN110937884A CN201911246440.4A CN201911246440A CN110937884A CN 110937884 A CN110937884 A CN 110937884A CN 201911246440 A CN201911246440 A CN 201911246440A CN 110937884 A CN110937884 A CN 110937884A
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powder
titanium
inner cavity
isostatic pressing
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朱郎平
孙志雨
莫晓飞
丁贤飞
南海
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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Abstract

本发明是一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，该方法的步骤如下：步骤一、制备陶瓷涂料：该陶瓷涂料由陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份组成，其中：陶瓷粉组份为氮化硼粉、氧化铝粉、氧化锆粉、氧化钇粉、氧化硅粉、氧化镁粉、氧化钙粉中的一种及几种的混合物，粘合剂组份为水玻璃、锆溶胶、钇溶胶、醋酸锆或硅溶胶，陶瓷粉组份与粘合剂组份的重量比为0.5～2∶1；步骤二、将陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份混合，搅拌均匀、静置熟化后，通过喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的形式均匀的涂到钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔壁及型芯表面，常温固化或加热固化。该发明可实现包套与钛基粉末的隔离作用，防止高温下发生界面反应，隔离层附着效果好、无有机挥发性污染物、隔离效果好等优点。

Description

一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法
技术领域
本发明是一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，属于冶金技术领域。
背景技术
金属粉末热等静压技术兼具铸造和锻造的优势，一方面可实现复杂构件的近净成形；另一方面，合金高度致密，无成分偏析，组织均匀细小，从而可获得优异的性能。为了获得接近最终形状和尺寸的构件，需要对模具和包套进行特殊设计，其中模具的制备和去除是关键，特别对于具有复杂内腔结构的构件，无法通过机械加工的方式去除模芯材料。常规工艺采用碳钢作为模具及模芯材料，成形后通过酸溶液化铣去除，并的到所需要的构件。粉末热等静压成形用模具一般选择加工性能好，成本低的钢作为模具材料。根据Fe-Ti相图，二者在在高温下存在扩散固溶，到1085℃存在共晶反应，因此若直接接触成型，会在钛构件表面形界面反应。而钛合金及TiAl合金粉末的热等静压成形温度需达到1200℃以上。从而钢质模具不能直接作为TiAl合金粉末热等静压模具。在一般的实验研究过程中，选用了纯钛作为模具材质，但由于钛的加工性能差，且成本很高，无法用于产品制备，因此需要寻求更为经济可行的模具方案。
发明内容
本发明正是针对上述现有技术状况而设计提供了一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其目的是在钢质模具内壁表面生成一层具有高温惰性的陶瓷隔离层，以解决了现有技术问题。本发明技术方案攻克了制约钛基合金粉末热等静压近净成形技术的瓶颈问题，是一种经济、适用的包套表面隔离层制备技术，能大幅度提高钛基合金粉末零件的表面质量，降低制造成本，提高零件使用性能，为钛基合金的广泛应用提供坚实的基础。
本发明的技术解决方案如下：
该种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法的步骤如下：
步骤一、制备陶瓷涂料
该陶瓷涂料由陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份组成，其中：陶瓷粉组份为氮化硼粉、氧化铝粉、氧化锆粉、氧化钇粉、氧化硅粉、氧化镁粉、氧化钙粉中的一种及几种的混合物，粘合剂组份为水玻璃、锆溶胶、钇溶胶、醋酸锆或硅溶胶，陶瓷粉组份与粘合剂组份的重量比为0.5～2∶1；
步骤二、将陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份混合，搅拌均匀、静置熟化后，通过喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的形式均匀的涂到钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔壁及型芯表面，要求热等静压包套碳钢基体表面无油、无锈，基体温度为15～60℃，常温固化或加热固化。
在一种实施中，陶瓷粉组份中粉末的粉末粒度不大于100nm。
在一种实施中，所述搅拌形式为人工搅拌或机械搅拌，搅拌时间为5分钟以上。
在一种实施中，所述静置熟化的时间为5～30分钟。
在一种实施中，所述喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的层数为2～3层，进一步，所述喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的层数为3层，第一层的厚度为0.1～0.3mm，第二、第三层厚度为0.2～0.8mm，前一层涂完后需干燥后再涂下一层，干燥时间为60～180分钟。
在一种实施中，所述喷涂、辊涂或刷涂采用高压无气喷枪，喷涂量>3L/秒，要求环境湿度20～60％、温度15～30℃，并保持通风顺畅。
在一种实施中，所述常温固化的时间为12～36小时。
在一种实施中，所述加热固化的温度为50～100℃，固化时间为1～5小时。
在一种实施中，固化后对涂层进行煅烧，煅烧温度400～800℃，煅烧时间为15～30分钟。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，其不应被理解成对本发明的限制。
该陶瓷涂料由陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份组成，
实施例1
采用本发明方法制力求钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的步骤如下：
步骤一、陶瓷粉组份为氮化硼粉，粒度为20nm；粘合剂组份为水玻璃，将陶瓷粉组份与粘合剂组份按1:1重量混合，机械搅拌5分钟、静置熟化5分钟后，均匀的刷涂2层的到包套内壁，其中第一层厚度0.1mm，第二层厚度0.8mm，两层涂料之间干燥时间约为60分钟，涂完后50℃加热固化1小时，在400℃煅烧30分钟。
该涂料能强力有效的附着于模具表面，形成极佳的润滑效果；有效降低包套与基体之间界面反应。
实施例2
采用本发明方法制力求钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的步骤如下：
步骤一、陶瓷粉组份及重量百分比为氧化锆粉70％、氧化钇粉30％，粒度为5nm；粘合剂组份为醋酸锆，将陶瓷粉组份与粘合剂组份按2:1重量混合，机械搅拌20分钟、静置熟化30分钟后，均匀的刷涂2层的到包套内壁，其中第一层厚度0.2mm，第二层厚度0.8mm，两层涂料之间干燥时间约为60分钟，涂完后常温固化24小时，在800℃煅烧30分钟。
该涂料能强力有效的附着于模具表面，形成极佳的润滑效果；有效降低包套与基体之间界面反应。
实施例3
采用本发明方法制力求钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的步骤如下：
步骤一、陶瓷粉组份及重量百分比为氧化铝粉30％、氧化硅粉30％、氧化镁粉20％、氧化钙粉20％，粒度为5nm；粘合剂组份为醋酸锆，将陶瓷粉组份与粘合剂组份按0.5:1重量混合，机械搅拌120分钟、静置熟化30分钟后，均匀的刷涂3层的到包套内壁，其中第一层厚度0.2mm，第二、第三层厚度0.4mm，两层涂料之间干燥时间约为180分钟，涂完后常温固化24小时，在800℃煅烧30分钟。
该涂料能强力有效的附着于模具表面，形成极佳的润滑效果；有效降低包套与基体之间界面反应。

Claims (10)

1.一种钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：该制备方法的步骤如下：
步骤一、制备陶瓷涂料
该陶瓷涂料由陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份组成，其中：陶瓷粉组份为氮化硼粉、氧化铝粉、氧化锆粉、氧化钇粉、氧化硅粉、氧化镁粉、氧化钙粉中的一种及几种的混合物，粘合剂组份为水玻璃、锆溶胶、钇溶胶、醋酸锆或硅溶胶，陶瓷粉组份与粘合剂组份的重量比为0.5～2∶1；
步骤二、将陶瓷粉组份和粘合剂组份混合，搅拌均匀、静置熟化后，通过喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的形式均匀的涂到钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔壁及型芯表面，常温固化或加热固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：陶瓷粉组份中粉末的粉末粒度不大于100nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述搅拌形式为人工搅拌或机械搅拌，搅拌时间为5分钟以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述静置熟化的时间为5～30分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的层数为2～3层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述喷涂、辊涂或刷涂的层数为3层，第一层的厚度为0.1～0.3mm，第二、第三层厚度为0.2～0.8mm，前一层涂完后需干燥后再涂下一层，干燥时间为60～180分钟。
7.根据权利要求1或5所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述喷涂、辊涂或刷涂要求环境湿度20～60％、温度15～30℃，并保持通风顺畅。
8.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述常温固化的时间为12～36小时。
9.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：所述加热固化的温度为50～100℃，固化时间为1～5小时。
10.根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金粉末热等静压包套内腔隔离层的制备方法，其特征在于：固化后对涂层进行煅烧，煅烧温度400～800℃，煅烧时间为15～30分钟。
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