CN1109074C - 阻燃聚酰胺组合物 - Google Patents

阻燃聚酰胺组合物 Download PDF

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CN1109074C
CN1109074C CN97194099A CN97194099A CN1109074C CN 1109074 C CN1109074 C CN 1109074C CN 97194099 A CN97194099 A CN 97194099A CN 97194099 A CN97194099 A CN 97194099A CN 1109074 C CN1109074 C CN 1109074C
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J·蒂森
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种以含溴苯乙烯聚合物为基础的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其中含溴的苯乙烯聚合物是溴含量大于61%(重量)的聚合物溴苯乙烯。该组合物具有优良的腐蚀性能,其韧性优于按照现在技术的组合物。

Description

阻燃聚酰胺组合物
本发明涉及一种阻燃高熔点的聚酰胺组合物,该组合物包含至少一种聚酰胺和一种高分子量的含溴苯乙烯聚合物。从各个专利出版物可知这种组合物。例如:WO-A-9518178公开了一种包含下述物质的组合物:
a.至少一种聚酰胺,
b.玻璃纤维增强材料,
c.含溴的聚苯乙烯,和
d.氢氧化镁或氧化镁。
通常含溴阻燃剂的缺点是,在电子和电气零件中渗入它们以后,会引起所谓的铜板腐蚀。这种现象特别发生在因聚酰胺熔点高而必须在高温下加工组合物时,例如在300℃和更高下。那么,尤其是,所谓的模具沾污也会影响加工设备。
另一个缺点是,组合物常常发生严重变色。
为了补救,在WO-A-91/13915和其他资料中,推荐非常仔细地洗涤含溴化合物,以便除去无机溴和氯。Great Lakes化学公司的关于其产品PDBS-80(聚二溴苯乙烯)的公司小册子指出,所述产品不会产生铜板腐蚀,此外,仅发生轻微变色。
按照美国专利A-5369202,可以发现,聚(溴苯乙烯)化合物,即聚合的溴苯乙烯,比起溴化聚苯乙烯化合物来,大大改善了抗腐蚀性,这一事实的解释在于,前者不存在热稳定性较差的、无机溴能够分离出来的溴化侧链(所指的多半是溴化脂族烃)这一情况。这类“溴化侧链”在常用的聚苯乙烯溴化过程中产生。
然而,使用市售商品名为PDBS的、溴含量为约58~60%(重量)的聚合的二溴苯乙烯的缺点是,它渗入的玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺组合物的机械性能,特别是韧性,劣于,例如,其中用溴化聚苯乙烯作阻燃剂的具有相同阻燃性的组合物。
对于电子行业中的应用,特别是例如插头连接,在其中发生暂时变形,这造成了在生产过程中插头插入时显现出的一个严重缺点。
本发明的目的是一种没有上述缺点的阻燃聚酰胺组合物。
本发明人现已十分惊异地发现,当含溴苯乙烯聚合物是一种每个苯乙烯单体含有至少2个以上溴原子的溴化苯乙烯的聚合物时,即聚溴苯乙烯的溴含量高于61%(重量),优选至少62%(重量),更优选至少63%(重量)时,即使超出了以溴化聚苯乙烯为基础的参照组合物的水平,机械性能也能获得大幅改善。难以指出溴含量的最高限,原则上由键合到苯乙烯单体的Br原子的最大数目决定,该数为5~6。然而,优选最大溴含量为70%(重量),更优选为68%(重量),因为,否则,聚酰胺组合物变成褐色的作用太强,并且侧链溴化会起作用。
按照本发明的组合物的聚溴苯乙烯的含量可以在很大范围内变化,原则上,特别由所需要的组合物的阻燃水平决定。一般说,该含量为组合物的1~40%(重量),优选2~30%(重量)。
组合物的阻燃作用还能够通过存在第二组分进一步强化。为此,在关于强化含卤阻燃剂作用的领域中已知的所有物质在原则上均可使用。这些物质的实例是金属氧化物,例如氧化锑和碱土金属氧化物,金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝,含磷化合物等。其含量可以在很宽范围内变化,但是一般说不超过聚溴苯乙烯含量。
组合物还可以含有常用添加剂,例如:玻璃纤维增强材料、稳定剂、脱模剂、流动促进剂、着色剂和颜料、无机填料,例如云母、白垩和粘土,以及核化剂,例如滑石,其含量以对性能没有有害影响为度。
添加剂含量一般不超过50%(重量)。
如果在组合物中存在玻璃纤维,其含量可以在很宽范围内变化,部分上由欲达到的机械性能水平决定。一般来说,玻璃纤维含量不应超过总组合物的50%(重量)。
尤其是,采用US-A-5369202公开的方法,能够制得用于按照本发明的组合物的聚溴苯乙烯。在无溶剂存在下实施的所述方法中,在预聚合工序之后,即,例如,在单螺杆挤出机中,或者在静态混合器中,在约150℃下,直到至少20%单体聚合之后,将溴化苯乙烯单体的混合物进一步压缩到后续反应器中,其中存在聚合引发剂,例如过氧化苯甲酰,其温度较高,例如200℃以上。为此目的非常适宜的还是挤出机。这两个聚合工序能够在一台具有不同温度区的设备中实施。
溴化苯乙烯单体混合物一般含有单、双和三溴苯乙烯。随着在组合物中比例的变化,能够得到用于按照本发明组合物的所需要的聚溴苯乙烯的溴含量。通常该混合物基本上由二和三溴苯乙烯组成。
关于制备聚溴苯乙烯的更详细资料参见US-A-5369202。
聚溴苯乙烯的分子量,以重均分子量(Mw)表示,一般在10,000和250,000之间。分子量小于约10,000易于引起所谓的渗出作用,这说明了为什么优选分子量为至少20,000;而分子量超过250,000,在苯乙烯聚合物加工中会引起问题。
在加工温度例如高于300℃的聚酰胺组合物中,一般优选高分子量聚溴苯乙烯,在加工温度较低时,例如250℃,优选分子量较低的聚溴苯乙烯。
所使用的热稳定剂是从空间位阻酚化合物中优选的化合物,例如,1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二-6-丁基-4-羟基苯甲基)苯和N,N′-六亚甲基-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基肉桂酰胺),后者可从汽巴-嘉基(Ciba Geigy)公司以商品名Irganox 1098购得。
按照本发明的组合物通常用范围如下:
a.20~99%(重量)聚酰胺,
b.1~40%(重量)溴含量大于61%(重量)的聚溴苯乙烯,
c.0~40%(重量)阻燃改性剂化合物,
d.0~50%(重量)玻璃纤维增强材料,
e.0~50%(重量)其他添加剂,
(a+b+c+d+e)=100%。
本发明对内含熔点高于约280℃的聚酰胺的组合物很有效。熔点如此高的聚酰胺的实例是脂族聚酰胺4.6、聚己二酰丁二胺(polytetramethyleneadipamide)和半芳族(共)聚酰胺;后者含有衍生自下述的单元,即衍生自至少一种芳族二羧酸,例如对苯二甲酸或间苯二甲酸或萘二羧酸,和脂族或脂环族二胺,以及任选脂族二羧酸和脂族或环脂族二胺;以及具有衍生自脂族二胺和环脂族二羧酸的单元的聚酰胺。
这些半芳香族共聚酰胺的实例是聚酰胺6.T,6.6/6.I/6.T,6/6.T,6.6./6.T,6.I/6.T/2MP.T或6/6.6/6.T,其中T代表对苯二甲酸,I代表间苯二甲酸,2MP.T代表对苯二甲酰2-甲基戊二胺。这些半芳族(共)聚酰胺有为各种商品名的市售品。
现借助下述实例和比较例进一步解释本发明,然而并不限于此。
实例
实例I和II以及比较例A、B和C
表I的组合物采用Werner和Pfleiderer ZSK-25双螺杆挤出机制备。挤出机的设定参数为:370转1分,机桶温度300℃,挤出量24公斤/小时,熔体温度335℃。
将各种组分在转鼓式干燥机中预混合,经料斗加入挤出机中。在聚酰胺4.6情况下,玻璃纤维侧加料进入熔体。在氮气氛围中进行挤出。物料在105℃下预干燥。
对于所得到的干燥组合物,采用Battenfeld BA 350注塑机注塑得到的试条,ISO 3167A,测试机械性能的试条厚4毫米,按照UL-94测定阻燃性的试条厚0.8毫米。注塑条件:熔体温度315℃,模温120℃。
采用ARBURG CMD 370注塑机测定在直径10.3×1.6毫米的扁平螺旋中的流程(flow length),注射压设定为800巴(熔体温度315℃,模温120℃)。
在表I中,给出了各种组合物,其中聚酰胺4.6和半芳族聚酰胺恰恰符合按照UL-94的V-0级要求。
                                          表1
比较例A 比较例B 实例I 比较例C 实例II
聚酰胺4.61)芳族共聚酰胺2) %(重量) 42.75 39.75 41.25 40.05 41.05
玻璃纤维 %(重量) 30.00 30.00 30.00 32.40 32.40
Irganox 1098 %(重量) 0.38 0.38 0.38
溴化聚苯乙烯3) %(重量) 18.75
聚溴苯乙烯4)Br<60%(重量) %(重量) 21.75 19.50
聚溴苯乙烯5)(Br>60%重量) %(重量) 20.25 18.50
三氧化锑聚酰胺6母粒(80/20) %(重量) 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.80
脱模剂 %(重量) 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32
螺旋流程 mm 190 219 204 190 202
拉伸强度6) MPa 178 159 182 172 183
伸长6) 2.19 2.09 2.45 1.5 1.95
模量 MPa 11405 10971 10965 11670 11705
1)STANYL KS 200,DSM公司,荷兰
2)ZYTEL HTN51G35,杜邦公司,美国,一种具有以对苯二甲酰2-甲基戊二胺(2-methylpentamethyleneterephtalicdiamide)和对苯二甲酰己二胺(hexamethyleneterephtalicdiamine)单元为基础的热稳定共聚酰胺
3)Pyrocheck 68 PBFerro公司,美国,溴化聚苯乙烯,溴含量68%(重量)
4)PDBS 80,Great Lakes公司,聚合的溴苯乙烯,溴含量58%(重量)
5)溴含量63%(重量),Mw=38000,其余单体含量<0.8%(重量)
6)ISO-527(5毫米/分钟)通过检查经注塑拉伸试验所必须的ISO 3167 A试样50次所使用的模具,肉眼测定模具沾污。比较例A模具沾污严重。实例I和II难以或没有发现沾污。
还应当注意到,以聚酰胺4.6为基础的组合物的断裂伸长比具有半芳族聚酰胺的组合物好得多。

Claims (8)

1.阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其含有至少一种聚酰胺和聚合的溴苯乙烯,其特征在于该阻燃聚酰胺组合物含有:
a)20~99%(重量)聚酰胺,
b)1~40%(重量)溴含量大于61%(重量)的重均分子量为10000~250000之间的聚合的溴苯乙烯,
c)0~40%(重量)强化含卤素阻燃剂的阻燃作用的化合物,
d)0~50%(重量)玻璃纤维增强材料,
e)0~50%(重量)其他添加剂;
其中(a+b+c+d+e)=100%。
2.按照权利要求1的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其特征在于聚合的溴苯乙烯的溴含量为至少62%(重量)。
3.按照权利要求2的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其特征在于聚合的溴苯乙烯的溴含量为至少63%(重量)。
4.按照上述权利要求中任何一项的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其特征在于组合物还含有强化含卤素阻燃剂的阻燃作用的化合物。
5.按照权利要求4的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其特征在于该化合物选自金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物和含磷化合物。
6.按照权利要求1-3中任何一项的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其特征在于组合物还含有玻璃纤维增强材料。
7.按照权利要求1-3中任何一项的阻燃聚酰胺组合物,其特征在于聚酰胺熔点高于280℃。
8.阻燃聚酰胺组合物在电子和电气零件中的应用。
CN97194099A 1996-02-26 1997-02-19 阻燃聚酰胺组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1109074C (zh)

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TW521082B (en) * 2000-09-12 2003-02-21 Kuraray Co Polyamide resin composition
KR101151531B1 (ko) * 2004-09-30 2012-07-09 켐트라 코포레이션 제어된 분자량을 갖는 브로모스티렌의 개선된 폴리머
CN100425654C (zh) * 2006-09-07 2008-10-15 浙江俊尔新材料有限公司 高cti值高阻燃性增强聚酰胺
CN109337359A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2019-02-15 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 可激光标记的聚酰胺组合物

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US4098762A (en) * 1975-05-30 1978-07-04 Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Magnesium hydroxides having novel structure, process for production thereof, and resin compositions containing them
US4137212A (en) * 1977-01-28 1979-01-30 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Flameproofed nylon molding compositions
US4696966A (en) * 1985-05-14 1987-09-29 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Flame retardant, impact resistant polyamide compositions
WO1995018178A1 (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-06 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company A flame retardant polyamide resin composition

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JPH03239755A (ja) * 1990-02-19 1991-10-25 Toray Ind Inc 難燃性ナイロン樹脂組成物

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098762A (en) * 1975-05-30 1978-07-04 Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Magnesium hydroxides having novel structure, process for production thereof, and resin compositions containing them
US4137212A (en) * 1977-01-28 1979-01-30 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Flameproofed nylon molding compositions
US4696966A (en) * 1985-05-14 1987-09-29 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Flame retardant, impact resistant polyamide compositions
WO1995018178A1 (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-06 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company A flame retardant polyamide resin composition

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EP0883651B1 (en) 2000-04-12
JP2000504779A (ja) 2000-04-18
BE1010047A3 (nl) 1997-12-02
DE69701677T2 (de) 2000-11-30
TW411354B (en) 2000-11-11
KR19990087259A (ko) 1999-12-15
CN1216562A (zh) 1999-05-12
WO1997031063A1 (en) 1997-08-28
KR100481327B1 (ko) 2005-05-16
DE69701677D1 (de) 2000-05-18
EP0883651A1 (en) 1998-12-16
AU3751797A (en) 1997-09-10

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