CN110903735A - 一种水性环氧涂料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供的一种水性环氧涂料,包括以下重量份的组份:水性环氧树脂20‑30份,固化剂20‑30份,乳化剂4‑6份,颜填料1‑10份。本发明提供的水性环氧涂料配方简单、成本低;具有耐水性、耐油性、耐酸碱性、耐盐雾腐蚀性等化学特性;耐磨性、耐冲压性、耐洗刷性等优异;表面光亮、平整、美观、无接缝、易清洗、易维修保养、经久耐用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料材料领域,特别涉及一种水性环氧涂料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着国家环保政策的相继出台和法律监管的日益严格,涂料企业纷纷投入大量人力、物力开发包括环氧涂料在内的环保型低VOC的涂料。
环保型环氧涂料的技术路线有很多种,例如水性环氧涂料、溶剂型高固体份涂料、无溶剂、粉末等等。这些不同种类的涂料有其各自独特的性能和特点,可以满足不同场合的应用需求。其中无溶剂和粉末涂料等技术路线几乎可以实现零VOC,虽然其对施工的环境条件要求高,但是技术是相对成熟的,所以它们需要的不是技术的创新而是应用的创新和推广。故而,含有VOC的溶剂型环氧涂料将是未来涂料VOC减排的重点针对对象。
环氧涂料有以下三个降低VOC可能的方向:
1)高VOC的低固体份含量的溶剂型涂料(VOC>420g/L)转向低VOC的低固体份含量的水性涂料(VOC<420g/L),该方向是“油转水”的范畴。
2)高VOC的低固体份含量的溶剂型涂料(VOC>420g/L)转向低VOC的高固体份的溶剂型涂料(VOC<420g/L),该方向是“油转油”的范畴。
3)低VOC的高固体份的溶剂型(VOC<420g/L)转向超低VOC高固体份水性涂料,该方向是“油转水”的范畴。
为进一步降低生产过程中的能耗和有害物质排放,提升水性环氧涂料品质,实现绿色生产,亟需对涂料生产工艺进行改进。
发明内容
技术问题:为了解决现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供了一种水性环氧涂料及其制备方法与应用。
技术方案:本发明提供的一种水性环氧涂料,包括以下重量份的组份:水性环氧树脂20-30份,固化剂20-30份,乳化剂4-6份,颜填料1-10份;
所述水性环氧树脂,其结构式如下:
R1-R10分别独立的为H、卤素、烷基、环烷基、芳基、羟基;n为自然数;
所述固化剂,包括以下重量份的组份:式(I)所示的化合物1份、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚2-3重量份、二甲基乙醇胺2-3重量份、壳聚糖1-2重量份;
式(I)所示的化合物为
所述乳化剂,其结构式如下:
其中,R11、R12分别独立的为烷基;m为自然数。
本发明还提供了一种水性环氧涂料,包括以下重量份的组份:水性环氧树脂20-30份,固化剂20-30份,乳化剂4-6份,颜填料1-10份;
所述水性环氧树脂,其结构式如下:
所述固化剂,包括以下重量份的组份:式(I)所示的化合物1份、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚2-3重量份、二甲基乙醇胺2-3重量份、壳聚糖1-2重量份;
式(I)所示的化合物为
所述乳化剂,其结构式如下:
m为自然数。
其中,所述水性环氧树脂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:在氢氧化钠存在下,式II所示的化合物与过量的环氧丙醇聚合反应,即得;反应式如下:
l为自然数。
优选地,将式II所示的化合物溶于甲苯中,加入氢氧化钠水溶液,边搅拌边加热,当温度升到60-70℃时恒温搅拌并滴加环氧丙醇,于2小时内滴加完毕;提高温度,于80-90℃保持1-2h;加入蒸馏水,搅拌,静止分层除去水层,甲苯层减压蒸干即得;式II所示的化合物与环氧丙醇的摩尔比为n:(2n+2至2n+4);氢氧化钠水溶液中氢氧化钠的含量为0.5n-1.5n摩尔;蒸馏水和甲苯的体积比为(2-4):1。
其中,所述固化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备式(III)所示的化合物:
(1.1):乙烯基二甲基氯硅烷与2-氨基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯反应制得式a的化合物;
(1.2):式a的化合物与DOPO反应制得式b的化合物;
(1.3):式b的化合物水解制得式c的化合物;
(1.4):式c的化合物与2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮反应制得式d的化合物;
(1.5):式d的化合物还原制得式III的化合物,
反应方程式如下:
(2)将式(III)所示的化合物溶于二氯甲烷中,加热至50-60℃恒温,边搅拌编滴入三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚,在2h内滴完,再加入二甲基乙醇胺,恒温搅拌1-2h;
(3)升温至70-80℃,搅拌同时再加入壳聚糖,恒温搅拌1-2h;降至室温,即得。
优选地,各原料的用量为:式(I)所示的化合物1份、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚2-3重量份、二甲基乙醇胺2-3重量份、壳聚糖1-2重量份。
其中,所述乳化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在90-100℃下,式(IV)所示的化合物与环氧丙醇回流反应,得式(V)所示化合物;
(2)降温至40-50℃,式(V)所示化合物中加入丁二酸,搅拌,即得;
优选地,步骤(1)中,反应时间为1-2h,式(IV)所示的化合物与环氧丙醇的用量比为1:(2-3);步骤(2)中,反应时间为0.4-0.6h,式(IV)所示的化合物与丁二酸的用量比为1:(0.8-1.0)。
有益效果:本发明提供的水性环氧涂料配方简单、成本低;具有耐水性、耐油性、耐酸碱性、耐盐雾腐蚀性等化学特性;耐磨性、耐冲压性、耐洗刷性等优异;表面光亮、平整、美观、无接缝、易清洗、易维修保养、经久耐用。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的水性环氧树脂的氢谱图。
图2为干燥实验结果图。
图3为盐雾性能结果结果图一。
图4为盐雾性能结果图二。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作出进一步说明。
实施例1水性环氧树脂的制备
将式II所示的化合物溶于甲苯中,加入氢氧化钠水溶液,边搅拌边加热,当温度升到60-70℃时恒温搅拌并滴加环氧丙醇,于2小时内滴加完毕;提高温度,于80-90℃保持1-2h;加入蒸馏水,搅拌,静止分层除去水层,甲苯层减压蒸干即得;式II所示的化合物与环氧丙醇的摩尔比为n:(2n+2至2n+4);氢氧化钠水溶液中氢氧化钠的含量为0.5n-1.5n摩尔;蒸馏水和甲苯的体积比为(2-4):1。
得反应产物1037.6g,氢谱见图1。
实施例2固化剂的制备
2.1式a化合物的制备
称取2-氨基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯11.30g于反应瓶中,加入四氢呋喃60mL、三乙胺30mL溶解后,室温下滴加10mL溶解有12.05g乙烯基二甲基氯硅烷的四氢呋喃溶液,滴毕,45℃搅拌过夜,反应结束后,冷却至室温,加水80mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),合并二氯甲烷层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸除溶剂即得,无需纯化,直接用于下一步。
ES:M/Z 281[M+H]+。
2.2式b化合物的制备
称取5gDOPO于反应瓶中,加入7.2g实施例1所得物式a化合物,80ml二氧六环,氮气保护下回流反应10h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析纯化得式b化合物。
ES:M/Z 497[M+H]+。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)(δ,ppm):8.36~8.34(m,1H),8.24~8.22(m,1H),7.98~7.96(m,1H),7.80~7.79(m,1H),7.67~7.65(m,1H),7.55~7.53(m,1H),7.42~7.40(m,1H),7.25~7.24(m,1H),7.09~7.07(m,1H),7.01~7.00(m,2H),4.05(s,1H),3.90(s,3H),1.85~1.83(m,2H),1.05~1.04(m,2H),0.09(s,6H)。
2.3式c化合物的制备
称取4.2g实施例2所得物式b的化合物于反应瓶中,加入40%的氢氧化钠水溶液20mL,70℃搅拌2h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,1M的盐酸调节pH至7左右,加入二氯甲烷萃取(3*20mL),合并有几层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸除溶剂,残渣用甲醇重结晶制得式c的化合物。
ES:M/Z 483[M+H]+。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)(δ,ppm):11.88(br,1H),8.59~8.57(m,1H),8.38~8.37(m,1H),7.97~7.96(m,1H),7.83~7.81(m,1H),7.66~7.65(m,1H),7.55~7.53(m,1H),7.42~7.40(m,1H),7.25~7.24(m,1H),7.09~7.07(m,1H),7.01~7.00(m,2H),4.05(s,1H),1.88~1.86(m,2H),1.10~1.09(m,2H),0.09(s,6H)。
2.4式d化合物的制备
称取2g实施3所得物式c化合物于反应瓶中,加入二氯亚砜30mL,DMF 2mL,升温回流2h,减压蒸除溶剂备用;称取2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮3.5g于反应瓶中,加入三乙胺3mL,四氢呋喃20mL,0-5℃下缓慢滴加15mL溶解有上步所得酰氯的四氢呋喃溶液,滴毕,0-10℃下继续搅拌4h,反应结束后,加入水30mL,二氯甲烷萃取(3*50mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析纯化即得式d化合物。
ES:M/Z 679[M+H]+。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)(δ,ppm):8.53~8.52(m,1H),8.28~8.26(m,1H),7.98~7.97(m,1H),7.80~7.78(m,1H),7.70~7.68(m,2H),7.65~7.63(m,1H),7.58~7.56(m,2H),7.52~7.50(m,3H),7.40~7.38(m,1H),7.24~7.22(m,1H),7.08~7.03(m,5H),5.36(s,1H),4.10(s,1H),1.84~1.82(m,2H),1.05~1.04(m,2H),0.09(s,6H)。
2.5式III化合物的制备
称取1.0g实施例4所得物式d的化合物于反应瓶中,加入乙醇50ml,还原铁粉0.5g,盐酸5ml,回流反应2h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,将反应液倒入冰水中,加碳酸氢钠调节pH至中性,抽滤,滤液用二氯甲烷萃取(30ml*3),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,柱层析纯化得标准化合物。
ES:M/Z 649[M+H]+。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)(δ,ppm):7.96~7.95(m,1H),7.83~7.81(m,1H),7.78~7.77(m,2H),7.68~7.67(m,1H),7.64~7.62(m,2H),7.59~7.57(m,3H),7.40~7.39(m,1H),7.24~7.22(m,1H),7.08~7.03(m,51H),6.68~6.66(m,1H),6.55~6.54(m,1H),6.27(br,2H),5.35(s,1H),4.10(s,1H),1.84~1.82(m,2H),1.05~1.04(m,2H),0.09(s,6H)。
2.6高固含水性涂料用固化剂的制备,包括以下重量份的组份:式(I)所示的化合物1份、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚2.5重量份、二甲基乙醇胺2.5重量份、壳聚糖1.5重量份。
其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将式(I)所示的化合物溶于二氯甲烷中,加热至55℃恒温,边搅拌编滴入三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚,在2h内滴完,再加入二甲基乙醇胺,恒温搅拌1.5h;
(2)升温至75℃,搅拌同时再加入壳聚糖,恒温搅拌1.5h;降至室温,即得。
实施例3水性环氧树脂用乳化剂的制备
水性环氧树脂用乳化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在95℃下,式(IV)所示的化合物与环氧丙醇回流反应,得式(V)所示化合物;反应时间为1.5h,式(IV)所示的化合物与环氧丙醇的用量比为1:2.5。
(2)降温至45℃,式(V)所示化合物中加入丁二酸,搅拌,即得;反应时间为0.5h,式(IV)所示的化合物与丁二酸的用量比为1:1。
实施例4水性环氧涂料的制备
制备一批水性环氧涂料,其配方如下表。
实验例测试实施例4的水性环氧涂料性能
1)粘度:样品1-3的混合粘度只有800cp左右,非常适合无气喷涂,在加入5%的水的情况下,空气喷枪也可以实现良好的喷涂,而施工体积固体份含量还可以在60%以上,从而实现低膜涂装或厚膜涂装的质量控制。
2)干燥时间:比较快的干燥时间,有利于缩短施工的等待时间和快速的运输堆放。表干时间为10分钟,硬干时间为2、3个小时,实干只有4个小时,见图2。
3)硬度:样品1-3具有非常快的硬度发展,一天之内可以达到3H,两个星期后可以达到4H。
4)冷热循环实验:涂料喷涂在冲砂钢板上,在干膜厚度600微米,9个循环不开裂(50℃,1时,-18℃,1小时)。
5)非常好的盐雾性能,见图3和4。
Claims (8)
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种水性环氧涂料,其特征在于:将式II所示的化合物溶于甲苯中,加入氢氧化钠水溶液,边搅拌边加热,当温度升到60-70℃时恒温搅拌并滴加环氧丙醇,于2小时内滴加完毕;提高温度,于80-90℃保持1-2h;加入蒸馏水,搅拌,静止分层除去水层,甲苯层减压蒸干即得;式II所示的化合物与环氧丙醇的摩尔比为n:(2n+2至2n+4);氢氧化钠水溶液中氢氧化钠的含量为0.5n-1.5n摩尔;蒸馏水和甲苯的体积比为(2-4):1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性环氧涂料,其特征在于:所述固化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备式(III)所示的化合物:
(1.1):乙烯基二甲基氯硅烷与2-氨基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯反应制得式a的化合物;
(1.2):式a的化合物与DOPO反应制得式b的化合物;
(1.3):式b的化合物水解制得式c的化合物;
(1.4):式c的化合物与2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮反应制得式d的化合物;
(1.5):式d的化合物还原制得式III的化合物,
反应方程式如下:
(2)将式(III)所示的化合物溶于二氯甲烷中,加热至50-60℃恒温,边搅拌编滴入三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚,在2h内滴完,再加入二甲基乙醇胺,恒温搅拌1-2h;
(3)升温至70-80℃,搅拌同时再加入壳聚糖,恒温搅拌1-2h;降至室温,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种水性环氧涂料,其特征在于:各原料的用量为:式(I)所示的化合物1份、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚2-3重量份、二甲基乙醇胺2-3重量份、壳聚糖1-2重量份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种水性环氧涂料,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,反应时间为1-2h,式(IV)所示的化合物与环氧丙醇的用量比为1:(2-3);步骤(2)中,反应时间为0.4-0.6h,式(IV)所示的化合物与丁二酸的用量比为1:(0.8-1.0)。
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