CN110896929A - American cockroach cultivation method and cultivation system - Google Patents
American cockroach cultivation method and cultivation system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating American cockroaches, which comprises the following steps: 1. selecting an ootheca; 2. hatching the ootheca; 3. transferring nymphs; 4. feeding nymphs; 5. feeding adults; 6. laying eggs by adults; 7. catching and killing adults; a Periplaneta americana culture system comprises a spawning box, an incubator, a culture box and a killing box; the driving box in the spawning box is provided with a cockroach driving agent, and the incubator is internally provided with a plurality of layers of incubation trays; a feeding groove is arranged in the feeding box; the automatic temperature and humidity control device comprises a microprocessor, a temperature and humidity alarm, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and the automatic temperature and humidity control device is arranged in each of the spawning box, the incubator and the breeding box and is provided with a steam engine for providing temperature and humidity control; the culture method can solve the problems of low survival rate and growth rate of the cockroach, large individual quality difference and low medicinal components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect breeding, in particular to a American cockroach breeding method and a American cockroach breeding system.
Background
The periplaneta americana, entomophyceae, blattaria, commonly known as cockroach, is the largest volume in the blattaceae, is also one of the most powerful and ancient winged insects in the world and is an ancient fossil animal. The length of the adult is 27-40 mm, and the adult is reddish brown. The head is hidden under the chest, the tentacles are slender and whip-like, and the wings are longer than the tail end of the abdomen. The middle of the anterior chest back plate is provided with larger butterfly brown stripes, and the rear edge of the stripes is provided with complete yellow stripes.
The periplaneta americana is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, is usually taken as a dried body or a fresh worm, is cold in nature, salty in taste, toxic and spicy, and has the effects of dissipating blood stasis, removing food retention, detoxifying, inducing diuresis, reducing swelling and the like. The periplaneta americana dry insect body extract contains active substances such as WHF (polyhydric alcohols and epidermal growth factor), muconic acid, mucoglycine, various amino acids and the like, and has the effects of resisting inflammation, resisting virus, reducing swelling, promoting cell proliferation and growth of new granulation tissues, accelerating repair of damaged tissues, accelerating shedding of necrotic tissues, improving the immune function of an organism and the like. Can be clinically used for treating scald, burn and bedsore. With the intensive development of pharmacological research, the clinical application is increasingly wide.
Research shows that the technology for developing the biological pharmacy and large-scale artificial cultivation of the American cockroach by taking the American cockroach as a medicine source has wide market prospect. At present, the American cockroach cultivation needs to be continuously summarized and researched for improving the survival rate and the growth rate of artificial cultivation because the feed ingredients fed by different farmers are different and the feeding environmental conditions are different, so that the quality of the cultivated American cockroach is greatly different through detection and analysis, the cultivation technology is not mature enough, and the medicinal ingredients of the cultivated adults are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a American cockroach cultivation method and a cultivation system, which are based on artificial cultivation and aim to solve the problems of low survival rate and growth rate, large individual quality difference and low medicinal components of the artificial cultivation in the prior art.
In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:
a method for cultivating American cockroaches specifically comprises the following steps:
1. selecting an ootheca: select a plurality of oothecas respectively and mix in the different case of laying eggs more than two, select the principle and do: the egg pods 15 days after spawning are bright in color, full, 0.5-1.0 cm long, free of impurities, mildew and peculiar smell;
2. hatching egg sheaths: immediately feeding the selected egg sheaths into an incubator, adjusting the temperature and humidity of the incubator before the egg sheaths are placed in the incubator to be 28-32 ℃ and 70-85% respectively, uniformly mixing the selected egg sheaths with a heat insulation material, flatly paving the mixture in an incubation tray, wherein the flatly paved thickness of the egg sheaths is 2.5-3.4 cm, placing a layer of egg support on the egg sheaths, and incubating for 20-45 days to obtain the nymphs of 1 year;
3. transferring nymphs: after the small egg tray pits on the incubation tray are full of nymphs, taking the nymphs out of the incubation tray and putting the nymphs into a culture box;
4. nymph feeding: placing 1-year nymphs of periplaneta americana in a breeding box for dark breeding, wherein the breeding temperature is 28-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 75-85%, feeding for 4-6 months to obtain 6-8-year nymphs, and the feed for feeding the periplaneta americana nymphs is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 45-55 parts of wheat bran: 12-22 parts of wheat flour: 10-20 parts of beet: 12-18 parts of bone meal: 0.8-1.2 parts of salt: 0.3-0.5 parts of choline chloride: 0.2-0.4 part of copper sulfate: 0.2-0.4 part, 0.1-0.3 part of potassium iodide, and grease: 4-8 parts;
5. adult feeding: when the American cockroaches reach nymphs of 6-8 ages, the adults are the adult periplaneta, the adult periplaneta is continuously fed in the absence of light, the feeding temperature is 28-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the adult American cockroach feeding feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 40-50 parts of wheat bran: 24-36 parts of bean-cypress: 13-17 parts of rice bran: 12-22 parts of beet, 35-50 parts of beet, and shells and egg shells of the incubated American cockroach nymphs: 1.0-1.2 parts of fish meal: 7-10 parts of salt: 0.3-0.5 parts of choline chloride: 0.15-0.25 parts of copper sulfate: 0.15-0.25 parts of potassium iodide: 0.1-0.3 parts of grease: 5-10 parts;
6. oviposition of adult: transferring the metamorphic adults in the breeding box to a spawning box, mating and spawning, wherein the temperature of the spawning box is 28-32 ℃, the humidity is 65-85%, and the spawning period lasts for three months;
7. adult trapping and killing: and (3) driving the adults to be killed into a killing box from the spawning box for whole batch killing by using a cockroach dispersing agent after one month after the spawning peak period, wherein the temperature of the killing box is set to be 40-50 ℃, the duration is about 30 minutes, and the American cockroaches can die and are added into the medicine after post-processing.
The heat insulation material in the step 2 is the insect manure of the American cockroach, and is obtained by sieving the insect manure to remove impurities and sterilizing, wherein the sterilization is performed by drying in the sun for 35-60 min.
In the step 2, water is sprayed onto the egg support in the process of hatching the ootheca, wherein the water spraying amount is 1200-1500 ml/m2 d.
In the step 4, the preparation method of the feed for the periplaneta americana nymphs comprises the following steps:
A. mixing all or several of corn, wheat bran, wheat flour, beet and grease according to the weight part ratio, adding water, stirring, uniformly mixing, and cooking, wherein the adding amount of the water is that the cooked feed can be stacked, immediately covering the cooked feed with a heat-insulating material, and stacking at normal temperature for 2-3 days;
B. and B, adding all or several of the bone meal, the salt, the choline chloride, the copper sulfate and the potassium iodide into the product obtained in the step A according to the weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed for feeding the periplaneta americana nymphs.
In the step 5, the preparation method of the feed for the adult periplaneta americana comprises the following steps:
a. mixing all or several of corn, wheat bran, bean cypress, beet, rice bran and grease according to the weight part ratio, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, covering with a heat-insulating material at normal temperature, stacking for 2-5 days, wherein the adding amount of water is preferably that the feed can be stacked;
b. and D, adding all or several of the hatched shells and egg shells of the periplaneta americana nymphs, fish meal, salt, choline chloride, copper sulfate and potassium iodide into the product obtained in the step A in parts by weight, and uniformly mixing the materials to be used for feeding the adult periplaneta americana.
In the step 6, the captured periplaneta americana is selected, dried and packaged:
(1) selecting: strictly removing foreign matters, rinsing with clean water, draining, and then delivering to be dried;
(2) drying: placing the rinsed and drained periplaneta americana bodies in each baking tray, flattening, placing each baking tray into a baking oven one by one for drying, and drying at a constant temperature of 80 +/-2 ℃ until the two sides of the abdomen and the back of the periplaneta americana bodies are cracked by fingers;
(3) packaging: taking out the dried product from the oven, cooling, packaging, inspecting, and warehousing for use.
The invention also discloses a culture system, which comprises a spawning box, an incubator, a culture box and a killing box;
the egg laying box is used in a place where the adult cockroaches mate and lay eggs, and a driving box is arranged in the egg laying box;
the incubator is used for incubating ootheca selected from the spawning box, and a plurality of layers of incubation trays are arranged in the incubator;
the breeding box is used for breeding nymphs hatched in the incubator, and a feeding groove for feeding the nymphs or adults of the cockroaches is arranged in the breeding box;
the trapping and killing box is used for trapping and killing the cockroach imagoes entering from the egg laying box, and the trapping and killing box is connected with the egg laying box through a channel.
Furthermore, all be provided with automatic temperature and humidity control device in case, incubator, the breed case of laying eggs, automatic temperature and humidity control device includes microprocessor, temperature and humidity alarm and temperature sensor, humidity transducer.
Further, the driving box is provided with a cockroach driving agent.
Furthermore, the spawning box, the incubator and the breeding box are all provided with a steam engine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through screening qualified ootheca in different spawning boxes and carrying out mixed incubation, the nymph after incubation can be reduced in the near-relative rate, so that after the nymph is raised into an adult, the probability of producing near-relative eggs is reduced during mating, the health of the periplaneta americana is kept, the population metamorphosis of the periplaneta americana is reduced, the individual quality of the next generation of adult is improved, and an ideal economic value is achieved.
2. The cultivation method adopts lightless cultivation, improves the hatching method, feeds and the like, effectively improves the survival rate of the American cockroach, and the cultivated American cockroach has large individual, high amino acid content, high nutritional value, obviously improved medicinal component sources, high medicinal material quality, short cultivation period and low production cost.
3. The breeding system is simple, scientific and feasible, the operation method is rapid and simple, the control on the hatching environment is facilitated, the hatching rate can be improved, the hatching period is shortened, in addition, the environment control is also achieved in the breeding process, the survival rate of the cockroach nymphs in the breeding link is ensured, meanwhile, the cockroach nymphs reach the adult stage through refined feed collocation, the nutrition is balanced, the individual quality of the cockroach bodies is ensured, and the requirement of large-scale artificial propagation of the American cockroaches can be met.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cultivation method of Periplaneta americana according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a Periplaneta americana culture system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The first embodiment of the invention provides a American cockroach cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s01: selecting an ootheca: select a plurality of oothecas respectively and mix in the different case of laying eggs more than two, select the principle and do: the egg pods 15 days after spawning are bright in color, full, 0.5-1.0 cm long, and free of impurities, mildew and peculiar smell.
S02: hatching egg sheaths: immediately feeding the selected egg sheaths into an incubator, adjusting the temperature and humidity of the incubator to 28 ℃ and 70% before the egg sheaths are placed in the incubator, uniformly mixing the selected egg sheaths with heat preservation materials, flatly paving the mixture in an incubation tray, wherein the flatly paved thickness of the egg sheaths is 2.5cm, placing a layer of egg tray on the egg sheaths, and incubating for 20-45 days to obtain the nymphs of 1 year;
s03: transferring nymphs: after the small egg tray pits on the incubation tray are full of nymphs, taking the nymphs out of the incubation tray and putting the nymphs into a culture box;
s04: nymph feeding: placing 1-year nymphs of periplaneta americana in a breeding box for dark breeding, wherein the breeding temperature is 2 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, feeding for 4-6 months to obtain 6-8-year nymphs, and the feed for feeding the nymphs of the periplaneta americana is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 45 parts of wheat bran: 12 parts of wheat flour: 10 parts of beet: 12 parts of bone meal: 0.8 part, salt: 0.3 part, choline chloride: 0.2 part, copper sulfate: 0.2 part, 0.1 part of potassium iodide, and grease: 4 parts of a mixture;
s05: adult feeding: when the American cockroach reaches 6-8-year nymphs, the adults are the adults, dark feeding is continued, the feeding temperature is 28 ℃, the relative humidity is 65%, and the adult American cockroach feeding feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 40 parts of wheat bran: 24 parts of bean cypress: 13 parts of rice bran: 12 parts, 35 parts of beet, and shells and egg shells of the hatched American cockroach nymphs: 1.0 part, fish meal: 7 parts and salt: 0.3 part, choline chloride: 0.15 part, copper sulfate: 0.15 part, potassium iodide: 0.1 part of grease: 5 parts of a mixture;
s06: oviposition of adult: transferring the metamorphic adults in the breeding box to a spawning box, mating and spawning, wherein the temperature of the spawning box is 28 ℃, the humidity is 65%, and the spawning period lasts for three months;
s07: adult trapping and killing: after one month after the spawning peak period, the adults to be killed are driven to a killing box from a spawning box by a cockroach dispersing agent for killing the adults in a whole batch, the temperature of the killing box is set to be 40 ℃, the killing box lasts for about 30 minutes, the American cockroaches can die, and the adults are processed and added into the medicine after later-stage processing.
The second embodiment of the invention provides a American cockroach cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s01: selecting an ootheca: select a plurality of oothecas respectively and mix in the different case of laying eggs more than two, select the principle and do: the egg pods 15 days after spawning are bright in color, full, 0.5-1.0 cm long, and free of impurities, mildew and peculiar smell.
S02: hatching egg sheaths: immediately feeding the selected egg sheaths into an incubator, adjusting the temperature and humidity of the incubator at 32 ℃ and 85% before the egg sheaths are placed in the incubator, uniformly mixing the selected egg sheaths with heat preservation materials, flatly paving the mixture in an incubation tray, wherein the flatly paved thickness of the egg sheaths is 3.4cm, placing a layer of egg tray on the egg sheaths, and incubating for 20-45 days to obtain the nymphs of 1 year;
s03: transferring nymphs: after the small egg tray pits on the incubation tray are full of nymphs, taking the nymphs out of the incubation tray and putting the nymphs into a culture box;
s04: nymph feeding: placing 1-year nymphs of periplaneta americana in a breeding box for dark breeding, feeding for 4-6 months at the breeding temperature of 32 ℃ and the relative humidity of 85% to obtain 6-8-year nymphs, wherein the feed for feeding the nymphs of the periplaneta americana is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 55 parts and wheat bran: 22 parts of wheat flour: 20 parts of beet: 18 parts of bone meal: 1.2 parts and salt: 0.5 part, choline chloride: 0.4 part, copper sulfate: 0.4 part, 0.3 part of potassium iodide, and oil and fat: 8 parts of a mixture;
s05: adult feeding: when the American cockroach reaches 6-8-year nymphs, the adults are the adults, the adults are continuously fed in the absence of light, the feeding temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the adult American cockroach feeding feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 50 parts of wheat bran: 36 parts of bean cypress: 17 parts of rice bran: 22 parts, 50 parts of beet, and shells and egg shells of the hatched American cockroach nymphs: 1.2 parts, fish meal: 10 parts and salt: 0.5 part, choline chloride: 0.25 part, copper sulfate: 0.25 part, potassium iodide: 0.3 part of grease: 10 parts of (A);
s06: oviposition of adult: transferring the metamorphic adults in the breeding box to a spawning box, mating and spawning, wherein the temperature of the spawning box is 32 ℃, the humidity is 85%, and the spawning period lasts for three months;
s07: adult trapping and killing: after one month after the spawning peak period, the adults to be killed are driven to a killing box from a spawning box by a cockroach dispersing agent for killing the adults in a whole batch, the temperature of the killing box is set to be 50 ℃, the duration is about 30 minutes, the American cockroaches can die, and the adults are processed and added into the medicine after the later period.
The third embodiment of the invention provides a American cockroach cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s01: selecting an ootheca: select a plurality of oothecas respectively and mix in the different case of laying eggs more than two, select the principle and do: the egg pods 15 days after spawning are bright in color, full, 0.5-1.0 cm long, and free of impurities, mildew and peculiar smell.
S02: hatching egg sheaths: immediately feeding the selected egg sheaths into an incubator, adjusting the temperature and humidity of the incubator to be 30 ℃ and 78% before the egg sheaths are placed in the incubator, uniformly mixing the selected egg sheaths with heat preservation materials, flatly paving the mixture in an incubation tray, wherein the flatly paved thickness of the egg sheaths is 3.0cm, placing a layer of egg tray on the egg sheaths, and incubating for 20-45 days to obtain the nymphs of 1 year;
s03: transferring nymphs: after the small egg tray pits on the incubation tray are full of nymphs, taking the nymphs out of the incubation tray and putting the nymphs into a culture box;
s04: nymph feeding: placing 1-year nymphs of periplaneta americana in a breeding box for dark breeding, wherein the breeding temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 80%, feeding for 4-6 months to obtain 6-8-year nymphs, and the feed for feeding the nymphs of the periplaneta americana is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 50 parts of wheat bran: 17 parts of wheat flour: 15 parts of beet: 15 parts of bone meal: 1.0 part and salt: 0.4 part, choline chloride: 0.3 part, copper sulfate: 0.3 part, 0.2 part of potassium iodide, and grease: 6 parts of (1);
s05: adult feeding: when the American cockroach reaches 6-8-year nymphs, the adults are the adults, dark feeding is continued, the feeding temperature is 29 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the adult American cockroach feeding feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 45 parts of wheat bran: 30 parts of bean cypress: 15 parts of rice bran: 17 parts, 42 parts of beet, and shells and egg shells of the hatched American cockroach nymphs: 1.1 parts of fish meal: 9 parts and salt: 0.4 part, choline chloride: 0.2 part, copper sulfate: 0.2 part, potassium iodide: 0.2 part of grease: 8 parts of a mixture;
s06: oviposition of adult: transferring the metamorphic adults in the breeding box to a spawning box, mating and spawning, wherein the temperature of the spawning box is 30 ℃, the humidity is 75%, and the spawning period lasts for three months;
s07: adult trapping and killing: after one month after the spawning peak period, the adults to be killed are driven to a killing box from a spawning box by a cockroach dispersing agent for killing the adults in a whole batch, the temperature of the killing box is set to be 45 ℃, the duration is about 30 minutes, the American cockroaches can die, and the adults are processed and added into the medicine after later-stage processing.
In the embodiment, the heat insulation material in S02 is the excrement of the periplaneta americana, and is obtained by sieving the excrement to remove impurities and sterilizing, wherein the sterilization is performed by drying in the sun for 35-60 min.
In the above embodiment, water is sprayed onto the egg tray during the hatching of the ootheca in S02, wherein the water spraying amount is 1200-1500 ml/m2 d.
In the above embodiment, in S04, the method for preparing the feed for the nymphs of periplaneta americana includes the following steps:
A. mixing all or several of corn, wheat bran, wheat flour, beet and grease according to the weight part ratio, adding water, stirring, uniformly mixing, and cooking, wherein the adding amount of the water is that the cooked feed can be stacked, immediately covering the cooked feed with a heat-insulating material, and stacking at normal temperature for 2-3 days;
B. and B, adding all or several of the bone meal, the salt, the choline chloride, the copper sulfate and the potassium iodide into the product obtained in the step A according to the weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed for feeding the periplaneta americana nymphs.
In the above embodiment, in the fifth step, the preparation method of the feed for the adults of the periplaneta americana comprises the following steps:
a. mixing all or several of corn, wheat bran, bean cypress, beet, rice bran and grease according to the weight part ratio, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, covering with a heat-insulating material at normal temperature, stacking for 2-5 days, wherein the adding amount of water is preferably that the feed can be stacked;
b. and D, adding all or several of the hatched shells and egg shells of the periplaneta americana nymphs, fish meal, salt, choline chloride, copper sulfate and potassium iodide into the product obtained in the step A in parts by weight, and uniformly mixing the materials to be used for feeding the adult periplaneta americana.
In the above embodiment, nymphs hatched from the hatching sheath generally need to be molted 6-8 times to be turned into adults, the larva of the larva grows up to one year after each molting, a wing bud grows in the later period, the larva growing out the wing bud becomes an adult after about 20 days, and the adult can mate and lay eggs generally after about 10 days.
In the above embodiment, in S06, the killed periplaneta americana is subjected to the steps of sorting, drying and packaging:
(1) selecting: strictly removing foreign matters, rinsing with clean water, draining, and then delivering to be dried;
(2) drying: placing the rinsed and drained periplaneta americana bodies in each baking tray, flattening, placing each baking tray into a baking oven one by one for drying, and drying at a constant temperature of 80 +/-2 ℃ until the two sides of the abdomen and the back of the periplaneta americana bodies are cracked by fingers;
(3) packaging: taking out the dried product from the oven, cooling, packaging, inspecting, and warehousing for use.
The invention also discloses a culture system, which comprises a spawning box, an incubator, a culture box and a killing box;
the egg laying box is used in a place where the adult cockroaches mate and lay eggs, and a driving box is arranged in the egg laying box;
the incubator is used for hatching the ootheca of selecting in the incubator, be provided with multilayer hatching tray in the incubator for place the ootheca, for better realization ootheca hatching, place the egg at the ootheca upper surface of tiling and hold in the palm, constitute ootheca incubation space, nymph after hatching simultaneously can hold in the palm the activity in the egg.
The breeding box is used for breeding nymphs hatched in the incubator, and a feeding groove for feeding the nymphs or adults of the cockroaches is arranged in the breeding box;
the trapping and killing box is used for trapping and killing the cockroach imagoes entering from the egg laying box, and the trapping and killing box is connected with the egg laying box through a channel.
Furthermore, all be provided with automatic temperature and humidity control device in case, incubator, the breed case of laying eggs, automatic temperature and humidity control device includes microprocessor, temperature and humidity alarm and temperature sensor, humidity transducer.
Further, the driving box is provided with a cockroach driving agent.
Furthermore, the spawning box, the incubator and the breeding box are all provided with a steam engine.
The steam engine can provide heat and moisture for the egg laying box, the incubator and the breeding box so as to keep the temperature and humidity requirements of the cockroach body in the egg laying, egg sheath incubation and growth processes of the cockroach body.
Through the wet device of automatic temperature and humidity control, through temperature sensor, humidity transducer can real time monitoring each link temperature and humidity, give microprocessor with monitored data transmission simultaneously, microprocessor can drive temperature and humidity alarm and send the warning and remind the personnel of breeding to notice the adjustment, microprocessor also can carry out the temperature and humidity adjustment according to the humiture automatic drive steam engine of current settlement voluntarily simultaneously to guarantee the temperature and the humidity requirement of each link, so that the cockroach is bred and goes on smoothly.
In order to maximize the medicinal value of the cockroaches, one month after the egg laying peak period of the adult cockroaches, the egg laying amount of the adult cockroaches can meet the incubation and feeding requirements of next generation of cockroaches, so that the cockroaches can be intensively killed, the input cost of feeding feed can be saved, the individual quality of the cockroaches is the best, amino acid nutrient components in the cockroaches are lost due to repeated egg laying, the dead cockroach amount is increased, and therefore the cockroach is intensively killed and used as a medicine one month after the egg laying peak period of the adult cockroaches, and the medicinal value of the cockroaches can be maintained to the maximum extent.
Through placing the box of driving in the case of laying eggs, drive and place big cockroach dispersing agent in the box to will lay eggs the case and kill the case through the passageway and carry out the intercommunication, utilize dispersing agent to drive the big cockroach adult in the case of laying eggs to killing the case, concentrate and kill.
The electric heating device, such as a heating net, is arranged in the killing box, and the temperature of the electric heating device is increased, kept above 40 ℃ for 30 minutes, so that the adult cockroach can be killed.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating American cockroaches is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting an ootheca: select a plurality of oothecas respectively and mix in the different case of laying eggs more than two, select the principle and do: the egg pods 15 days after spawning are bright in color, full, 0.5-1.0 cm long, free of impurities, mildew and peculiar smell;
step two, hatching the ootheca: immediately feeding the selected egg sheaths into an incubator, adjusting the temperature and humidity of the incubator before the egg sheaths are placed in the incubator to be 28-32 ℃ and 70-85% respectively, uniformly mixing the selected egg sheaths with a heat insulation material, flatly paving the mixture in an incubation tray, wherein the flatly paved thickness of the egg sheaths is 2.5-3.4 cm, placing a layer of egg support on the egg sheaths, and incubating for 20-45 days to obtain the nymphs of 1 year;
step three, transferring nymphs: after the small egg tray pits on the incubation tray are full of nymphs, taking the nymphs out of the incubation tray and putting the nymphs into a culture box;
step four, feeding nymphs: placing 1-year nymphs of periplaneta americana in a breeding box for dark breeding, wherein the breeding temperature is 28-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 75-85%, feeding for 4-6 months to obtain 6-8-year nymphs, and the feed for feeding the periplaneta americana nymphs is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 45-55 parts of wheat bran: 12-22 parts of wheat flour: 10-20 parts of beet: 12-18 parts of bone meal: 0.8-1.2 parts of salt: 0.3-0.5 parts of choline chloride: 0.2-0.4 part of copper sulfate: 0.2-0.4 part, 0.1-0.3 part of potassium iodide, and grease: 4-8 parts;
step five, feeding adults: when the American cockroaches reach nymphs of 6-8 ages, the adults are the adult periplaneta, the adult periplaneta is continuously fed in the absence of light, the feeding temperature is 28-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the adult American cockroach feeding feed is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
corn: 40-50 parts of wheat bran: 24-36 parts of bean-cypress: 13-17 parts of rice bran: 12-22 parts of beet, 35-50 parts of beet, and shells and egg shells of the incubated American cockroach nymphs: 1.0-1.2 parts of fish meal: 7-10 parts of salt: 0.3-0.5 parts of choline chloride: 0.15-0.25 parts of copper sulfate: 0.15-0.25 parts of potassium iodide: 0.1-0.3 parts of grease: 5-10 parts;
step six, adult spawning: transferring the metamorphic adults in the breeding box to a spawning box, mating and spawning, wherein the temperature of the spawning box is 28-32 ℃, the humidity is 65-85%, and the spawning period lasts for three months;
seventhly, catching and killing adults: and (3) driving the adults to be killed into a killing box from the spawning box for whole batch killing by using a cockroach dispersing agent after one month after the spawning peak period, wherein the temperature of the killing box is set to be 40-50 ℃, the duration is about 30 minutes, and the American cockroaches can die and are added into the medicine after post-processing.
2. The American cockroach cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the heat insulation material in the second step is the insect manure of the American cockroach, and is obtained by sieving the insect manure to remove impurities and sterilizing, wherein the sterilization is carried out by drying in the sun for 35-60 min.
3. The American cockroach cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the hatching process of the ootheca in the second step, spraying water onto the egg tray, wherein the water spraying amount is 1200-1500 ml/m2 d.
4. The American cockroach cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the preparation method of the feed for the nymphs of the periplaneta americana comprises the following steps:
A. mixing all or several of corn, wheat bran, wheat flour, beet and grease according to the weight part ratio, adding water, stirring, uniformly mixing, and cooking, wherein the adding amount of the water is that the cooked feed can be stacked, immediately covering the cooked feed with a heat-insulating material, and stacking at normal temperature for 2-3 days;
B. and B, adding all or several of the bone meal, the salt, the choline chloride, the copper sulfate and the potassium iodide into the product obtained in the step A according to the weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed for feeding the periplaneta americana nymphs.
5. The American cockroach cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the preparation method of the feed for the adult periplaneta americana comprises the following steps:
a. mixing all or several of corn, wheat bran, bean cypress, beet, rice bran and grease according to the weight part ratio, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, covering with a heat-insulating material at normal temperature, stacking for 2-5 days, wherein the adding amount of water is preferably that the feed can be stacked;
b. and D, adding all or several of the hatched shells and egg shells of the periplaneta americana nymphs, fish meal, salt, choline chloride, copper sulfate and potassium iodide into the product obtained in the step A in parts by weight, and uniformly mixing the materials to be used for feeding the adult periplaneta americana.
6. The American cockroach cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the captured periplaneta americana is selected, dried and packaged:
(1) selecting: strictly removing foreign matters, rinsing with clean water, draining, and then delivering to be dried;
(2) drying: placing the rinsed and drained periplaneta americana bodies in each baking tray, flattening, placing each baking tray into a baking oven one by one for drying, and drying at a constant temperature of 80 +/-2 ℃ until the two sides of the abdomen and the back of the periplaneta americana bodies are cracked by fingers;
(3) packaging: taking out the dried product from the oven, cooling, packaging, inspecting, and warehousing for use.
7. A periplaneta americana culture system is characterized in that: comprises a spawning box, an incubator, a breeding box and a killing box;
the egg laying box is used in a place where the adult cockroaches mate and lay eggs, and a driving box is arranged in the egg laying box;
the incubator is used for incubating ootheca selected from the spawning box, and a plurality of layers of incubation trays are arranged in the incubator;
the breeding box is used for breeding nymphs hatched in the incubator, and a feeding groove for feeding the nymphs or adults of the cockroaches is arranged in the breeding box;
the trapping and killing box is used for trapping and killing the cockroach imagoes entering from the egg laying box, and the trapping and killing box is connected with the egg laying box through a channel.
8. A Periplaneta americana farming system according to claim 7 wherein: all be provided with automatic temperature and humidity control device in case, incubator, the breed case of laying eggs, automatic temperature and humidity control device includes microprocessor, temperature and humidity alarm and temperature sensor, humidity transducer.
9. A Periplaneta americana farming system according to claim 7 wherein: the driving box is provided with a cockroach driving agent.
10. A Periplaneta americana farming system according to claim 7 wherein: and the spawning box, the incubator and the breeding box are all provided with a steam engine.
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