CN110896771A - Landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to North China and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to North China and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/066—Quays
Abstract
The invention discloses a landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to North China and a construction method thereof, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a construction area, and selecting a bank land area extending 15-40 meters from the highest water level line of a river in North China as a construction area of a bank buffer zone; (2) adjusting the terrain, namely adjusting the selected area into a flat slope surface with the slope of 3-10 degrees by combining the original terrain, and removing surface soil when the slope surface has bulges; when the slope surface has pits, filling and leveling with soil; (3) constructing a plant community, and arranging an arbor grass zone, a tall grass zone, a short grass zone and an artificial footpath in sequence from near to far according to the distance from a river in the construction area; (4) and (4) planting the local dominant plants according to the community construction scheme determined in the step (3). The river bank buffer zone realizes the landscape effect and simultaneously has the same absorption effect as the existing common river bank buffer zone in the aspect of absorbing surface source pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental engineering, in particular to a landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to North China and a construction method thereof.
Background
At present, due to predatory reclamation, water and soil loss in rocky mountain areas in northern China is increasingly serious, the landform of a river bank in the northern China is more in a steep slope form, and a river bank buffer zone is an ecological transition zone between a river and land and is a land area which can interact with a water environment and is covered by plants. It has the functions of preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, building bank landscape, providing biological habitat, connecting ecological corridor, improving soil environment, maintaining water and soil, etc. The vegetation is the core of the ecological system of the river bank buffer zone, and the functions of the river bank buffer zone formed by different plant species and community configuration modes are different. At present, land area non-point source pollutants are intercepted by a river bank buffer zone at home and abroad as a means for improving the water quality of a river channel, and the landscape effect of the river bank buffer zone is less considered while the water quality is purified. Along with the construction of beautiful villages and urban suburban parks, a method for constructing a river bank buffer zone which can improve water quality well and form a good landscape effect is very important.
A suburb river bank is built into a wild park, how to construct a landscape footpath at the river side and construct a river bank vegetation buffer zone around the landscape footpath into an ecological system with landscape function is a mainstream design direction which accords with the current ecological development. The demand is particularly outstanding in view of the ecological environment of the north China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bank vegetation buffer zone and a construction method thereof in north China with landscape function. The river bank buffer zone has the advantages that the river bank buffer zone has a remarkable effect in the aspect of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control and can provide landscape rest for people.
The invention provides a landscape type river bank buffer zone in North China, which comprises: the artificial footpath comprises an artificial footpath and a slope surface which is inclined downwards between the artificial footpath and a river, wherein the slope surface has a slope of 3-10 degrees, and a short grass-irrigating belt, a tall grass-irrigating belt and a tall grass-irrigating belt are sequentially arranged from the position adjacent to the artificial footpath to the direction of the river.
Preferably, the plant community is constructed above the highest water level of the river.
Wherein, the dwarf shrub and grass belt is preferably selected to be composed of short local shrub and shrub species with high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and low height; the high-growth grass-irrigating belt is preferably composed of shrub species which have high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and high height; and in the arbor-bush belt: the arbor species is selected from arbors which are resistant to water and humidity, drought and developed in root systems, the shrub species is selected from shrubs which are more resistant to yin, and arbors and shrubs are planted in a crossed mode.
The invention also provides a construction method of the landscape type river bank buffer zone in the North China, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and selecting a construction area, wherein the construction area is selected in the North China area and is selected from a bank land area with the highest river water level extending by 15-40 m, and the bank land area is used as a construction area of a bank buffer zone.
Preferably, the width of the construction area defined by the invention is at least 15 meters, and if the width of the construction area is less than 15 meters, the effect of removing pollutants is difficult to guarantee. Meanwhile, the width of the construction area is not more than 40 meters, so that the waste of capital and land is avoided.
(2) And adjusting the terrain by combining the original terrain and adjusting the selected area to a flat slope surface with the slope of 3-10 degrees.
In order to facilitate surface runoff, the selected area needs to be adjusted to a flat slope with the gradient of 3-10 degrees. And when the terrain entry of the constructed area is adjusted, earth and stone excavation is reduced as much as possible, and the terrain and the gradient after adjustment are as close as possible to the original terrain and gradient. The slope surface is provided with bulges, and only surface soil is removed; when the slope surface has pits, the slope surface is filled with soil.
(3) In order to not influence the ornamental effect, the plant community is constructed, and an arbor grass zone, a tall grass zone, a short grass zone and an artificial footpath are sequentially arranged in the constructed area from near to far away from the river.
(4) And (4) planting the local dominant plants according to the community construction scheme determined in the step (3). Specifically, arbors and shrubs with high ornamental value are planted in the arbor, shrub and grass belt in a crossed mode; shrubs with higher growth height and high ornamental value are uniformly planted in the high-growth shrub and grass zone; shrubs with lower growth height and high ornamental value are uniformly planted in the short shrub and grass zone; the footpath is laid by water permeable bricks or grass planting bricks.
Among them, preferably, in the above landscape type bank buffer zone and the construction method thereof, the short shrub zone is planted by inter-plant mixing of at least 2 shrubs; the high-growth grass-irrigating belt is formed by planting at least 2 shrubs in a plant-to-plant mixed mode; at least 2 kinds of trees in the arbor, shrub and grass belt are selected for inter-plant hybridization, shrubs are more resistant to female shrubs, and the trees and the shrubs are planted in a crossed mode; the herbaceous plant in the grass belt can be selected from Daghestan Sweetclover, herba Medicaginis, Lao valley grass, North seed of Chinese Symplocos, herba Clematidis Intricatae, herba Clematis chinensis, herba Potentillae chinensis, herba Violae, herba Taraxaci, Scutellariae radix, herba Belamcandae, herba Agrimoniae and herba Patriniae.
Wherein the artificial footpath is preferably 3-4 m, the width of the low shrub and grass belt is generally 4-8 m, the width of the tall shrub and grass belt is generally 4-8 m, and the width of the arbor and grass belt is generally 4-15 m.
The low shrub belt can select local shrub species with high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and low height (the plant height is generally lower than 2m in natural growth), and mainly comprises Lespedeza virgata, spiraea huabeiensis, Spilanthes cuneata, scanty urine, Spilanthes villosa, spiraea trilobata, Rosa davurica, Forsythia huabei, Chrysanthemum indicum, Cotoneaster multiforus, veneers, and the like; the high-growth shrub and grass belt can be selected from shrub species which have high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and high height, and mainly comprises sea buckthorn, lespedeza, elderberry, honeysuckle, vitex negundo, rhododendron, prunus tomentosa, lilac, common shoulder pole, shinyleaf yellowhorn, pearly plum, shinyleaf yellowhorn and the like; arbor species in arbor-bush-belt can be selected from arbor which is resistant to water and humidity, drought and developed in root system, mainly including Chinese ash, salix matsudana, tamarix, pear, ash tree, sericin, white wax, Chinese wax, elm and the like, and arbor-bush-belt arbor species can be selected from more yin-resistant shrubs such as oriental paperbush, meadowsweet potato leaf, tiger hazel, spiraea trilobata, forsythia, rhododendron, pacific flower, veneer and the like. The herbaceous plants in the bands can be selected from the following herbs: sweet clover, alfalfa, Laoshanyu sedge, seed of Chinese Paris, clematis flavipes, clematis macrophylla, potentilla chinensis, Chinese violet, dandelion, scutellaria baicalensis, bellflower, agrimony, patrinia, and the like.
Preferably, the footpath is laid by water permeable bricks or grass planting bricks.
The invention proposes that the planting distance of shrubs in the low shrub area is 0.5m multiplied by 1.0m, the inter-plant distance in the horizontal direction is 0.5m, and the line spacing is 1.0 m; the planting distance of the high-growth shrub and grass belts is 1.0m multiplied by 1.5m, the inter-plant distance in the horizontal direction is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.5 m. The planting distance of arbor in arbor, shrub and arbor area is 2.0m multiplied by 3.0m, the inter-plant distance in horizontal direction is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 3.0 m; shrubs are planted between trees, and one shrub is planted between two trees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that by means of the technical scheme, the following effects are realized:
(1) the landscape effect is realized, and meanwhile, the absorption effect of the landscape structure can be the same as that of the existing common riverbank buffer zone in the aspect of absorbing surface source pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and the like.
(2) By selecting the local tree species with high ornamental value in the construction of the river bank buffer zone, the river bank buffer zone can be ensured to provide people with a leisure and rest place while absorbing pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like.
(3) The invention considers the requirement of people for viewing after the construction of the river bank buffer zone is completed, is people-oriented, and gradually increases the natural growth height of various plants in the range from the artificial footpath to the river, thereby being beneficial to viewing the landscape by people standing on the artificial footpath.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a riparian buffer zone according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the riparian buffer zone according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is a pollution source area, 2 is an artificial footpath, 3 is a low shrub area, 4 is a tall shrub area, 5 is an arbor shrub area, 6 is a river, a is shrubs in the low shrub area, b is shrubs in the tall shrub area, c is trees in the arbor shrub area, and d is shrubs in the arbor shrub area.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
According to the construction method of the landscape type river bank buffer zone in the North China, the width of the defined construction area is at least 15 meters, and if the width of the construction area is less than 15 meters, the pollutant removal effect is difficult to guarantee; meanwhile, the width of the construction area is not more than 40 meters, so that the waste of capital and land is avoided.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to verify the above method of the present invention, the inventor made a corresponding experiment on the hebei stone village and the metallurgical river in the north china, the steps of which are as follows:
(1) a build area is selected that is to be built,
a construction area is selected in the Shijiazhuang river, which is a river bank land area with the maximum water level of the river extending by 16 meters and is used as a construction area of a river bank buffer zone in the specific embodiment.
(2) The build area is leveled out of the way,
in this step, the terrain adjustment is combined with the original terrain, and the selected area is adjusted to a flat slope with a slope of 3-10 °.
The method is mainly used for conveniently controlling surface runoff, and a selected area is adjusted to a flat slope with the gradient of 3-10 degrees.
And based on the consideration of economy, when the terrain of the construction area is adjusted, earth and stone excavation is reduced as much as possible, so that the adjusted terrain and gradient are as close as possible to the original terrain. If the slope surface has a bulge, only surface soil needs to be removed; when the slope surface has pits, the soil can be used for filling and leveling.
In the embodiment, the terrain of the area is adjusted by measuring the slope of the original terrain by 5-6 degrees, so that the selected area is leveled by combining the original terrain.
(3) A region division is constructed in such a way that,
in order to ensure that the construction of the plant community does not influence the ornamental effect, an arbor and shrub zone 5, a tall and tall shrub zone 4, a short shrub zone 3 and an artificial footpath 2 are sequentially arranged in the construction area from near to far away from a river 6, and a pollution source zone 1 is arranged outside the artificial footpath 2.
The plant community is constructed above the highest water level line of a river, wherein an arbor and shrub zone 5 is arranged 0-4 m away from the highest water level line, the arbor and shrub zone 5 can select mixed crossing between elms and birch plants, the horizontal inter-plant distance is 2.0m, the line spacing is 3.0m, and 2 lines are counted; the shrub can be planted with the three-split spiraea, arbor and shrub in a crossed manner. The area of 4-8 m above the highest water level is a high-growth grass-irrigating belt 4, shrubs such as elderberry (which blooms in spring and looks at fruits in autumn), prunus tomentosa (which blooms in spring and looks at fruits in autumn), and prunus margarita (which blooms in summer) can be selected for mixed cross planting among plants, the distance among plants in the horizontal direction is 1.0m, the line spacing is 1.5m, and 3 lines are counted. The bush-grass belt 3 is arranged 8-16 m above the highest water level line of a river, shrub plants such as forsythia suspense (blossoming in spring, yellow), mallow (blossoming in summer, red) and lespedeza multiflora (blossoming in autumn, purple) can be selected for mixed crossing and planting, the distance between plants in the horizontal direction is 0.5m, the line spacing is 1.0m, and the total number is 7 lines.
(4) Laying a manual footpath on the ground,
planting the local dominant plants according to the community construction scheme determined in the step (3), specifically, cross-planting trees and shrubs with high ornamental value in the arbor, shrub and grass zone; shrubs with higher growth height and high ornamental value are uniformly planted in the high-growth shrub and grass zone; shrubs with lower growth height and high ornamental value are uniformly planted in the short shrub and grass zone; and the better artificial footpath should adopt permeable bricks to lay.
Wherein the width of the artificial footpath is 3-4 m, the width of the low shrub and grass belt is 4-8 m generally, the width of the tall shrub and grass belt is 4-8 m generally, and the width of the arbor shrub and grass belt is 4-15 m generally.
In conclusion, the low shrub belt can select local shrub species which have high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and low height (the plant height is generally lower than 2m in natural growth), and mainly comprises lespedeza multiflora, lespedeza, meadowsweet, scandent urine, mallow, meadowsweet, trilobate meadowsweet, yellow thorn rose, forsythia suspense, chrysanthemums, Cotoneaster multiforus, veneer barks and the like; the high-growth shrub and grass belt can be selected from shrub species which have high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and high height, and mainly comprises sea buckthorn, lespedeza, elderberry, honeysuckle, vitex negundo, rhododendron, prunus tomentosa, lilac, common shoulder pole, shinyleaf yellowhorn, pearly plum, shinyleaf yellowhorn and the like; arbor species in arbor-bush-belt can be selected from arbor which is resistant to water and humidity, drought and developed in root system, mainly including Chinese ash, salix matsudana, tamarix, pear, ash tree, sericin, white wax, Chinese wax, elm and the like, and arbor-bush-belt arbor species can be selected from more yin-resistant shrubs such as oriental paperbush, meadowsweet potato leaf, tiger hazel, spiraea trilobata, forsythia, rhododendron, pacific flower, veneer and the like. The herbaceous plants in the bands can be selected from the following herbs: sweet clover, alfalfa, Laoshanyu sedge, seed of Chinese Paris, clematis flavipes, clematis macrophylla, potentilla chinensis, Chinese violet, dandelion, scutellaria baicalensis, bellflower, agrimony, patrinia, and the like.
Wherein, the planting distance of the shrubs in the low shrub belts in the experiment is 0.5m multiplied by 1.0m, the inter-plant distance in the horizontal direction is 0.5m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m; the planting distance of the high-growth shrub and grass belts is 1.0m multiplied by 1.5m, the inter-plant distance in the horizontal direction is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.5 m. The planting distance of arbor in arbor, shrub and arbor area is 2.0m multiplied by 3.0m, the inter-plant distance in horizontal direction is 2.0m, and the row spacing is 3.0 m; shrubs are planted between trees, and one shrub is planted between two trees.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a be applied to view type river bank buffer zone in North China area which characterized in that contains: the artificial footpath comprises an artificial footpath and a slope surface which is inclined downwards between the artificial footpath and a river, wherein the slope surface has a slope of 3-10 degrees, and a short grass-irrigating belt, a tall grass-irrigating belt and a tall grass-irrigating belt are sequentially arranged from the position adjacent to the artificial footpath to the direction of the river.
2. The landscape type riverside buffering zone applied to the north China area according to claim 1, wherein the width of the slope used as a construction area of a plant community is more than or equal to 15 meters and is not more than 40 meters.
3. The landscape bank buffering zone applied to the northern China area according to claim 2, wherein the plant community is constructed above the highest water level of a river.
4. The landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to the north China area according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the dwarf shrub is selected to be composed of short native shrub species with high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and low dwarf; the high-growth grass-irrigating belt is composed of shrub species which have high ornamental value, strong tillering capability, drought resistance and are tall; in the arbor and shrub area: the arbor species is selected from arbors which are resistant to water and humidity, drought and developed in root systems, the shrub species is selected from shrubs which are more resistant to yin, and arbors and shrubs are planted in a crossed mode.
5. The landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to the North China area according to claim 4, wherein: the short shrub belt is formed by plant intercropping and planting at least 2 shrubs of lespedeza multiflora, daucus diversicolor, spiraea huabeiensis, scandent urine, mallow flowers, spiraea villosa, spiraea triloba, rosa davurica, forsythia huabeian, chrysanthemums, Cotoneaster multiforus and thinningwood; the high-growth grass-filling belt is formed by plant intercropping and planting at least 2 shrubs in sea buckthorn, lespedeza, elderberry, honeysuckle, chaste tree twigs, rhododendron, prunus tomentosa, lilac, shoulder pole stems, shinyleaf yellowhorn, prune and shinyleaf yellowhorn; the arbor of arbor-shrub belt is selected from at least 2 of Chinese ash, salix matsudana, tamarix chinensis, pyrus communis, fraxinus chinensis, Chinese ash and elm for plant-plant mixed crossing, while the shrub is selected from one or more of lespedeza virgata, spiraea huabeiensis, corylus mandshurica, spiraea trifoliata, forsythia, rhododendron, pacific flower and thinleaf bark; the herbaceous plant in the grass belt is selected from the group consisting of sweet clover, alfalfa, Laoshan valley moss, North China aquilegia, clematis malacophylla, clematis macrophylla, potentilla chinensis, Chinese violet, dandelion, scutellaria baicalensis, bellflower, agrimony and patrinia.
6. A construction method of a landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to North China is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a build area is selected that is to be built,
selecting a river bank land area which extends 15-40 meters from the highest water level line of a river in North China as a construction area of a river bank buffer zone;
(2) the terrain is adjusted by the aid of the terrain adjusting device,
combining the original topography, adjusting the selected area to a flat slope surface with the slope of 3-10 degrees, and removing surface soil when the slope surface has bulges; when the slope surface has pits, filling and leveling with soil;
(3) constructing a plant community, and constructing a plant community,
in the construction area, an arbor grass belt, a tall grass belt, a short grass belt and an artificial footpath are sequentially arranged from near to far according to the distance from a river;
(4) and (4) planting the local dominant plants according to the community construction scheme determined in the step (3).
7. The method for constructing the landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to the north China area according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the width of the construction area is at least 15 meters so as to ensure the effect of removing pollutants; and the build area is no more than 40 meters wide.
8. The method for constructing the landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to the north China area according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
the local dominant plants planted in the step (4) are trees and shrubs which are high in ornamental value and are planted in a crossing manner in the arbor, shrub and grass zone; shrubs with higher growth height and high ornamental value are uniformly planted in the high-growth shrub and grass zone; shrubs with lower growth height and high ornamental value are uniformly planted in the short shrub and grass zone.
9. The method for constructing the landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to the north China area according to the claim 8, which is characterized in that: the short shrub belt is formed by plant intercropping and planting at least 2 shrubs of lespedeza multiflora, daucus diversicolor, spiraea huabeiensis, scandent urine, mallow flowers, spiraea villosa, spiraea triloba, rosa davurica, forsythia huabeian, chrysanthemums, Cotoneaster multiforus and thinningwood; the high-growth grass-filling belt is formed by plant intercropping and planting at least 2 shrubs in sea buckthorn, lespedeza, elderberry, honeysuckle, chaste tree twigs, rhododendron, prunus tomentosa, lilac, shoulder pole stems, shinyleaf yellowhorn, prune and shinyleaf yellowhorn; the arbor of the arbor and shrub belt is selected from at least 2 of Chinese ash, salix matsudana, tamarix chinensis, pyrus communis, fraxinus chinensis, Chinese ash and elm for plant-plant mixed crossing, and the shrub is selected from Lespedeza floribunda, spiraea huabeiensis, Corylia corylifolia, spiraea trifida, weeping forsythia, rhododendron, Pacific, and Bomba; the herbaceous plant in the grass belt is selected from the group consisting of sweet clover, alfalfa, Laoshan valley moss, North China aquilegia, clematis malacophylla, clematis macrophylla, potentilla chinensis, Chinese violet, dandelion, scutellaria baicalensis, bellflower, agrimony and patrinia.
10. The construction method of the landscape type bank buffer zone applied to the north China area according to any one of claims 6 to 9, is characterized in that: the footpath is laid by adopting water permeable bricks or grass planting bricks.
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