CN110313263A - A kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The present patent application belongs to technical field of soil remediation, specifically discloses a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil, comprising the following steps: (1) selection of land is handled；(2) it is laid with drainage blanket；(3) it is laid with every salt deposit；(4) it is laid with packing layer；(5) it is laid with transition zone；(6) it is laid with plantation layer；(7) it is laid with coating；(8) increase aquifer.Present invention is mainly used for the optimization of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil, solve the problems, such as that varieties in saline-alkali areas soil is easy to cause damages to vegetation.

Description

A kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil

Technical field

The invention belongs to the building of coastal saline-alkali area Rain Garden and technical field of soil remediation, specifically disclose a kind of rain The optimization method of spray garden plantation layer medium soil.

Background technique

Sponge city is to realize the important channel of Urban Storm Flood management, and realize the important medium of Construction of Eco-urban One of, refer to that city has good " elasticity " in terms of adapting to environmental change and reply rainwater bring.Sea Continuous city can be more reasonably utilized rainwater.For expansion, with material that can be permeable.For example, residential area, curbside Pavement, urban green space etc. can both provide the place of leisure joy as cavernous body for resident, again can be with when facing heavy rain Become the place of savings moisture.A large amount of rainwater can be absorbed in the cavernous structure of urban construction, not will form big face thus Long-pending city ponding, while also avoiding flood damage caused by rainwater catchment.The rainwater absorbed by city cavernous body can be with It reuses, water conservation can be played in this way, make full use of the effects of water resource.

The construction in sponge city can bring considerable economic benefit.Previous urban construction, drainage pipeline and reinforcing bar are mixed The construction amount of solidifying earth-dammed reservoir is essential, very high so as to cause the construction cost in city.The construction in sponge city, adequately protects Natural stream networks, more reasonable to the utilization of water resource, high degree reduces city construction engineering amount, builds saving city It is set as on the basis of this, can also mutually be set off with urban landscape, improve urban beautification degree.In terms of environmental protection, sponge City can play the role of water resource purification, to reduce processing cost, reduce the loss of natural calamity bring.

The construction core in sponge city is exactly that low influence exploitation is exactly specifically the ecological ring reduced to exploitation place The destruction in border is maintained and is improved the hydrological characteristics of exploitation front and back, mitigates the pollution level of surface water, while can be provided with purified water Source mitigates Municipal pressure.By forming a complete storm water man- agement system, improves rainwater and manage ability, reduce water money Source pollution level.City is built in this way, Ecological Civilization Construction is placed on significant height, while also complying with urban development requirement, pushed away The extensively low influence development technique based on Rain Garden, low influence development technique can effectively regulate and store initial stage of rainstorm rainwater, reduce Phenomena such as road ponding, bottom building rainwater flow backward, while reducing water pollution, preventing water eutrophication, so as to improve shore Haicheng City living environment.Therefore, it by combining the climatic condition and storm water man- agement ability of strand, studies and is suitble to coastal region Low influence development & construction technical method lays the foundation for the popularization of sponge urban construction.

For coastal saline-alkali area, the Rain Garden for being suitble to varieties in saline-alkali areas is studied, the construction viewpoint of sustainable development is met. Contain soluble salts in salt affected soil, and salt concentration is higher, can directly inhibit plant growth, or danger is generated to plant Evil.Harbor area is in subtropical zone, and annual rainfall is big, and the leaching of soil is strong, and beach is invaded stain by tide and forms shore Sea salt alkaline earth drenches salt by rainwater and gradually desalinates as salinized soil.Due to containing many soluble harmful salt in saline-alkali soil Class, to anti-salt season in spring, causes serious harm to the plant seedling of not saline-alkali tolerant with the replacement in season.In addition, existing There is the plantation layer of Rain Garden in technology to use the form of large area soil moved in improve the original, it is not only at high cost, and secondary salination is easy to plant It causes damages, influences the stability of plants landscape and the ecosystem.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of optimization methods of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil, to solve varieties in saline-alkali areas Soil is easy the problem of causing damages to vegetation, while reducing the construction cost of large area soil moved in improve the original.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of optimization side of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil Method, comprising the following steps:

(1) selection needs to build the position of Rain Garden, which is annular side slope, and the ground of side slope bottom is rammed It is real；

(2) ground tamped in step (1) is laid with drainage blanket, and drainage blanket uses cobble as filler, drainage blanket thickness For 100-300mm；

(3) be laid on the drainage blanket of step (2) every salt deposit, every the filler of salt deposit be river sand, clinker or zeolite, with a thickness of 100-200mm；

(4) be laid with packing layer on the drainage blanket of step (3), packing layer with a thickness of 200-500mm；

(5) be laid with transition zone on the packing layer of step (4), the filler of transition zone is middle sand, transition zone with a thickness of 50- 100mm；

(6) plantation layer is laid on the transition zone of step (5), plantation layer includes vegetation and medium soil；

(7) coating is laid on the plantation layer of step (6), coating is western stone or organic mat, overburden cover For 200-300mm；

(8) increase aquifer on the coating of step (7), the depth of water of aquifer is 150-200mm.

Further, in step (2) cobble partial size be 10-20mm, drainage blanket with a thickness of 100mm.Select cobble conduct On the one hand drainage blanket raw material can be improved the efficiency for excluding rainwater, on the other hand can also purify flowing water matter.

Further, the filler of step (3) interval salt deposit is zeolite, with a thickness of 100mm.

Further, in step (4) packing layer be improvement planting soil, improve planting soil with a thickness of 300mm.Packing layer infiltration Ability is strong, and detergent power is prominent.

Further, in step (6) plantation layer with a thickness of 200mm.

Further, in step (7) coating with a thickness of 300mm.

Further, the annular side slope in step (1) is pre-processed before use, and when pretreatment covers in annular side slope One layer of gravel.

Further, a vertical drainpipe is buried in annular side slope middle when step (1) is pre-processed, drainpipe Lower end extend into the lower section of drainage blanket.When rainfall exceeds Rain Garden limit of power, it is necessary to which overfall facility is extra to handle Rainwater rainwater can be made to enter the lower section of drainage blanket by overflow above drainpipe in case of overflow in this programme.

Further, be added in the planting soil in step (6) volume accounting be the yellow sand of 4-15%, 6-15% turf, The organic fertilizer of 2-17%, the sludge of 2-15%, the coco bran of 2-10% and/or composite soil.To saline-alkali soil improvement, soil fertilizer Power, soil organic matter content improvement effect are significant, meet the requirement of this experiment improvement plantation layer medium soil.Use above-mentioned accounting Mixture can reduce the total salt quantity in soil, reduce pH value, improve the soil organism, increase soil fertility.

The working principle and beneficial effect of the technical program is:

(1) in the present solution, being tested by the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil, dielectric material is studied to the improved effect of saline-alkali soil, is obtained suitable The Rain Garden for closing improvement saline-alkali soil plants layer medium soil evolutionary approach；

(2) cross the experiment of flowing water quality detection, plant growth experiment, the change of research Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil is to water The influence of literary feature, water quality characteristic, vegetation growth state, obtain be suitble to improve hydrological characteristics, water quality characteristic, plant growth rain Plant layer medium soil evolutionary approach in spray garden；

(3) this programme is directed to the demand in different places, and the Rain Garden plantation layer that further building is applicable in different zones is situated between Matter soil evolutionary approach solves the problems such as enhancement of environment ability is weak, Rain Garden construction is difficult, landscape effect is bad, optimizes simultaneously The processing capacity of living environment of the plant in saline-alkali environment and Rain Garden to rainfall runoff and pollutant；

(4) this programme provides reference value to the research in salt-soda soil sponge city, and to strand Harbor area sponge city Construction certain theoretical basis is provided, have more significant more practical value, also, the improvement mould of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil The salt-soda soil and strand sponge urban construction that formula can improve for other needs provide Experience.

Detailed description of the invention

Rain Garden experimental provision cuts open in a kind of optimization method embodiment of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil of Fig. 1 present invention Face figure；

Fig. 2 is the present invention a kind of saline-alkali soil and improved materials of the optimization method embodiment of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil Mix schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 is experimental group soil alkaline index trend chart in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the organic index trend chart of experimental group soil in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is soil total salt amount column analysis chart in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 6 is soil pH value column analysis chart in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 7 is soil organic matter content column analysis chart in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 8 is soil available phosphorus content column analysis chart in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 9 is Soil Available potassium content column analysis chart in the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 10 is content of soil nitrate-N column analysis chart in the embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

It is further described below by specific embodiment:

Appended drawing reference in Figure of description include: coating 1, plantation layer 2, transition zone 3, spice layer 4, every salt deposit 5, row Water layer 6, saline and alkaline soil layer 7.

A kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil, comprising the following steps:

(1) selection needs to build the position of Rain Garden, should be annular side slope for position surrounding, can also on level land people Work builds annular side slope；The ground of side slope bottom is tamped；One layer of gravel is covered in annular side slope, is buried in annular side slope middle If a vertical drainpipe；Drainpipe is preferably the PVC pipeline of 100mm in the present embodiment；

(2) ground tamped in the step (1) is laid with drainage blanket, and it is 1-2cm cobble as filler that drainage blanket, which use partial size, Drainage blanket is with a thickness of 100-300mm；Drainage blanket with a thickness of 100mm in the present embodiment；

(3) be laid on the drainage blanket of step (2) every salt deposit, every the filler of salt deposit be river sand, clinker or zeolite, with a thickness of 10-20cm；Chosen in the present embodiment zeolite be every salt deposit, every salt deposit thickness be preferably 100mm；

(4) be laid with packing layer on the drainage blanket of step (3), packing layer with a thickness of 200-500mm；In the present embodiment Packing layer preferably improves planting soil, with a thickness of 100mm；

(5) it is laid with transition zone on the packing layer of step (4), the filler of transition zone is middle sand, and the partial size 0.35- of middle sand 0.5mm is best；Transition zone with a thickness of 50-100mm；It is transition zone that melon seeds piece is chosen in the present embodiment, with a thickness of 50mm；

(6) plantation layer is laid on the transition zone of step (5), plantation layer includes vegetation and planting soil；On the one hand layer is plant Object provides necessary growth environment, on the other hand can be gone by modes such as soil filtering, root system of plant absorption, microbial degradations Except the polluter in runoff；It is the yellow sand of 4-15%, the turf of 6-15%, 2-17% that volume accounting is added in planting soil Organic fertilizer, the sludge of 2-15%, the coco bran of 2-10% and/or composite soil.；

(7) coating is laid on the plantation layer of step (6), coating is western stone or organic mat, overburden cover For 200-300mm；The thickness of coating is preferably 300mm in the present embodiment,

(8) increase aquifer on the coating of step (7), the depth of water of aquifer is 150-200mm, in the present embodiment Drainpipe upper end is flushed with the highest water surface of aquifer.

Using Shanghai Harbor area as sample plot in the present embodiment, plantation layer mainly uses seven kinds of different processing modes, Plantation layer medium soil evolutionary approach in final selected suitable Shanghai Harbor area Rain Garden.To in planting soil in the present embodiment The different material of addition carries out following simulated experiment, and specific application ratio is as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, and imitative experimental appliance used is such as Shown in Fig. 1.By measuring triple (fresh weight, weight in wet base, the dry weights) of every kind of medium soil, according to formula mentioned above, nature has been calculated The medium soils fundamental characteristics such as water content, saturation moisture content, water storage space, bulk density, porosity and stable infiltration rate.

1 kind of plant layer experimental design of table

2 kinds of table are planted the experimental design that different material is added in layer

(control) saline-alkali soil natural moisture content, saturation moisture content are low it can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, and respectively only 15.6% With 42.2%.Soil water storage space is small, and porosity is low, and infiltration capacity difference is also the saline-alkali soil characteristic that can be seen that in table.These Behavioral illustrations saline-alkali soil cannot give plant to provide good growing environment, cannot play good buffering work to Rainfall Disaster With.

After various dielectric materials are added, it can be found that the natural moisture content of soil, saturation moisture content, water storage space, hole Rate has different degrees of increase.Illustrate after medium soil is added, from physical angle, saline-alkali soil has obtained certain improvement.

Two kinds of new materials, (control) inorganic light weight soil and (control) organic media soil have the characteristics that different protrusions. Inorganic light weight soil has extremely strong water-holding capacity, and organic media soil has very strong infiltration capacity.

As shown in Fig. 2, saline-alkali soil and each dielectric material are uniformly mixed according to experimental design ratio.Wherein, processing 1 be The turf that volume ratio is 15% is added in saline-alkali soil, processing 2 is the organic fertilizer that volume ratio is added and is 17%, and processing 3 is that body is added Product is than the gypsum for being 11%, and processing 4 is the yellow sand that volume ratio is added and is 15%, and processing 5 is the sludge that volume ratio is added and is 15%, Processing 6 is the coco bran that volume ratio is added and is 10%, and it is respectively 4% yellow sand, 6% grass that processing 7, which is by saline-alkali soil and volume ratio, Charcoal, 2% organic fertilizer, 2% sludge, 2% coco bran mix.In addition, control group 1-4 is saline-alkali soil, former planting soil, nothing respectively Machine light soil, organic media soil.

It is tested, is determined after dielectric material is added, soil total salt amount, pH value, soil are organic by the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil The indexs such as matter content, soil fertility are as shown in table 3.

3 reclamation of salinep-alkali soil effect of table

Note: processing 1 is to the dielectric material that processing 7 sequentially adds: turf, organic fertilizer, gypsum, yellow sand, sludge, coco bran, Composite soil.Control 1 to control 4 is successively saline-alkali soil, former planting soil, inorganic light weight soil, organic media soil.

4 experimental group soil alkaline target trend table of table

In conjunction with shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, for the soil organic matter content and soil fertility of 2 original planting soils of control, it is added each The result of variations of kind dielectric material, as shown in the table:

The 5 organic target trend table of experimental group soil of table

For soil, the total salt quantity of detection includes K⁺、Na⁺、CO₃ ^2-、HCO^3-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-And SO₄ ^2-Deng eight Kind ion.

According to upper table 5, it can be found that the saline-alkali soil (control one) in Shanghai Harbor area has compared to other materials Higher total salt quantity and pH value.It is derived from deep layer saline-alkali soil, and the soil organism and soil fertility is not high.

Turf is added in processing 1, it can be found that the soil organism increases 294%, saline and alkaline also makes moderate progress.

Organic fertilizer is added in processing 2, and it is saline-alkali soil respectively that the content of organic matter and quick-acting potassium content in soil, which obviously increase, 5.1 times and 4.2 times, saline and alkaline is improved.

Gypsum is added in processing 3, and the main component of gypsum is calcium sulfate, and two kinds of ions belong to total salt quantity detection scope, because This total salt quantity is higher.Gypsum is simultaneously free of a large number of nutrients, in itself based on inorganic salts, therefore to the soil organism and soil fertilizer The promotion of power is unobvious.

Processing 4 is added yellow sand, has certain dilution to soil total salt amount, but because the yellow sand content of organic matter is very low, therefore to soil The promotion of earth organic matter and soil fertility is unobvious.

Processing 5, is added sludge, and sludge used passes through fermentation process, organic matter rich in, it can be seen that soil The content of organic matter is obviously improved, and is 7.8 times of saline-alkali soil.Available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen in soil fertility is also different The raising of degree.

Processing 6, is added coco bran, and coco bran is a kind of very high material containing plant nutrient ingredient, it can be seen that the soil organism It is significantly improved, is 6.8 times of saline-alkali soil.It is more outstanding to influence to be that quick-acting potassium content dramatically increases, increase compared to saline-alkali soil 438%.

Processing 7, joined a variety of materials, therefore indices variation is more balanced, total salt quantity decline, during pH value is intended to Property, the soil organism and soil fertility are promoted steadily.

Control 2 is derived from existing planting soil, and existing planting soil salt content is lower, and the soil organism and soil fertility are moderate.

Control 3 is derived from a kind of inorganic light weight soil, and this material total salt quantity is low, because being inorganic material, has to soil The promotion of machine matter does not help, but containing largely for the available phosphorus of plant absorption, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen.

Control 4 is derived from a kind of organic media soil, can increase soil organic matter content, increase soil fertility.

Influence of the medium soil to total salt quantity is reduced is obtained by experiment in the present embodiment, it is specific as follows: by experiment institute Different medium soil total salt quantity progress variance analysis, the results showed that, the conspicuousness of the variation of medium soil, therefore can less than 0.01 See that influence of the variation of facility medium soil to total salt quantity is extremely significant.

6 total salt quantity variance analysis of table

Note: it is significant that conspicuousness≤0.05 indicates that the factor influences result, and conspicuousness≤0.01 indicates the influence of the factor It is extremely significant.(the same below)

The effect analysis to total salt quantity is reduced is obtained by experiment in the present embodiment, it is specific as follows: according to the reality of total salt quantity It tests, obtains the column diagram of the total salt quantity of different medium soil.As shown in figure 5, which show the mean value of different medium soil total salt quantity, column What the error line on shape figure indicated is experimental group error condition, it can be seen that, experimental error situation is in acceptable range Within.

7 different medium soil total salt quantity of table compares two-by-two

Note: the class mean in similar subset will be shown.

A. harmomic mean sample size=3.000 will be used.B.Alpha=0.05.(the same below)

Different medium soil is compared two-by-two according to Tukey HSD a, b method and is learnt, the total salt quantity of different medium soil is two-by-two Difference is more significant, is analyzed by table 7, it can be deduced that the total salt quantity of saline-alkali soil is very high, has reached 13.3g/kg.It is being mixed into various Jie After matter soil, total salt quantity has decline other than gypsum media is added, and is evident as 3.0g/ the most wherein declining after being mixed into yellow sand kg.The possible reason is yellow sand main component is SiO2, there is certain diluting effect to medium soil total salt quantity, and gypsum is main Ingredient is calcium sulfate, and two kinds of ions are total salt quantity detection ion, so rising situation occurs in soil total salt amount.It is multiple in research Modifying agent is closed to discovery soil total salt amount in beach saline land improvement by Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄ ^2-Ion influence is more significant, and adds After entering gypsum, the waste in gypsum and soil interacts, and promotes CaSO₄Dissolution, so that Ca²⁺、SO₄ ^2-It dramatically increases, thus Increase soil total salt amount, it is similar to this experimental conditions.

The effect analysis that pH value is reduced by experiment in the present embodiment, it is specific as follows: according to the experiment of soil pH value, to obtain To the column diagram of the pH value of different medium soil.As shown in fig. 6, which show the mean value of different medium soil pH value, on column diagram What error line indicated is experimental group error condition, it can be seen that, experimental error situation is within the scope of acceptable.

8 different medium soil pH value of table compares two-by-two

Different medium soil is compared two-by-two according to Tukey HSD a, b method and is learnt, the pH value of different medium soil is poor two-by-two It is different more significant, it is analyzed by table 8, the pH value of saline-alkali soil is up to 8.78, and after different medium soil is added, pH value is dropped It is low, so that soil is intended to neutrality, it is that coco bran, variable quantity 0.96 is added that wherein pH value variation is maximum.

Influence of the medium soil to soil organic matter content is obtained by experiment in the present embodiment, it is specific as follows: by reality The content of organic matter for testing gained different medium soil carries out variance analysis, the results showed that, the conspicuousness of the variation of medium soil is less than 0.01, therefore the influence of the Change on Soil content of organic matter of visible facility medium soil is extremely significant.

9 soil organic matter content variance analysis of table

The effect analysis that soil organic matter content is changed by experiment in the present embodiment, it is specific as follows: to be had according to soil The experiment of machine matter content obtains the column diagram of the content of organic matter of different medium soil.As shown in fig. 7, which show different mediums The mean value of the native content of organic matter, what the error line on column diagram indicated is experimental group error condition, it can be seen that, experimental error feelings Condition is within the scope of acceptable.

The 10 different medium soil content of organic matter of table compares two-by-two

Different medium soil is compared two-by-two according to Tukey HSD a, b method and is learnt, the soil organism of different medium soil Difference is more significant two-by-two for content, is analyzed by table 9, it can be deduced that the soil organic matter content of saline-alkali soil is very low, only 6.7g/ kg.After the medium soils such as gypsum, yellow sand are added, the soil organism reduces 0.9g/kg and 2.4g/kg with respect to saline-alkali soil respectively, may The reason of be that both medium soils are mostly made of inorganic constituents, therefore while diluting saline-alkali soil, soil organic matter content It can accordingly reduce.The dielectric materials such as turf, organic fertilizer, sludge, coco bran, composite soil are added, so that soil organic matter content increases 8~33.7g/kg respectively, wherein it is up to 52.1g/kg that sludge media soil organic matter content, which is added,.Inorganic light weight soil and have Machine medium is made of inorganic light weight and organic media respectively, therefore the minimum only 2.4g/ of inorganic light weight soil soil organic matter content Kg, and organic matter medium soil soil organic matter content has reached 46.8g/kg.

Influence of the medium soil to soil fertility is obtained by experiment in the present embodiment, it is specific as follows: as to obtained by experiment The available phosphorus of different medium soil, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen content carry out variance analysis, the results showed that, the variation of medium soil it is significant Property is less than 0.01, therefore influence of the variation of visible facility medium soil to available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen is extremely significant.

11 available phosphorus content variance analysis of table

12 quick-acting potassium content variance analysis of table

13 nitrate nitrogen content variance analysis of table

The effect analysis that available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen content are changed by experiment in the present embodiment, specific as follows: According to the experiment of soil available phosphorus content, the column diagram of the available phosphorus content of different medium soil is obtained.As shown in figure 8, it is indicated The mean value of different medium soil available phosphorus content, what the error line on column diagram indicated is experimental group error condition, it can be seen that, Experimental error situation is within the scope of acceptable.

Different medium soil is compared two-by-two according to Tukey HSD a, b method and is learnt, the soil available phosphorus of different medium soil Difference is more significant two-by-two for content, is analyzed by table 14, it can be deduced that it is added in the minimum 9.0mg/kg of available phosphorus contained by saline-alkali soil After his medium soil, soil available phosphorus content is improved, wherein it is highest be organic fertilizer be 71.2mg/kg, minimum is yellow sand For 9.1mg/kg.Former planting soil available phosphorus content is 18.0mg/kg, and organic fertilizer, gypsum, sludge, coco bran, composite soil etc. is added and is situated between Matter increases soil available phosphorus content, and what wherein increment was most is organic fertilizer, increases 53.2mg/kg compared to former planting soil.

14 different medium soil available phosphorus content of table compares two-by-two

According to the experiment of Soil Available potassium content, the column diagram of the quick-acting potassium content of different medium soil is obtained.Such as Fig. 9 institute Show, which show the mean value of different medium soil quick-acting potassium content, what the error line on column diagram indicated is experimental group error condition, It can be seen that experimental error situation is within the scope of acceptable.

Different medium soil is compared two-by-two according to Tukey HSD a, b method and is learnt, the soil available nitrogen of different medium soil Difference is more significant two-by-two for content, is analyzed by table 15, it can be deduced that quick-acting potassium content contained by saline-alkali soil is 204.1mg/kg, is added The media such as sludge, composite soil, organic fertilizer, coco bran, so that Soil Available potassium content increases.Quick-acting potassium content contained by former planting soil is most Low is 121.7mg/kg, after illustrating that other media are added in saline-alkali soil, Soil Available potassium content is improved, and wherein content is most Be coco bran be 1097.2mg/kg, increase 975.5mg/kg compared to former planting soil.

15 different medium soil quick-acting potassium content of table compares two-by-two

According to the experiment of content of soil nitrate-N, the column diagram of the nitrate nitrogen content of different medium soil is obtained.Such as Figure 10 institute Show, which show the mean value of different medium soil nitrate nitrogen content, what the error line on column diagram indicated is experimental group error condition, It can be seen that experimental error situation is within the scope of acceptable.

Different medium soil is compared two-by-two according to Tukey HSD a, b method and is learnt, the soil nitrate-N of different medium soil Difference is more significant two-by-two for content, and after being analyzed by table 16 it can be concluded that sludge is added, content of soil nitrate-N is up to 94.5mg/ Kg, compared to improving 91.0mg/kg for saline-alkali soil, compared to increasing 29.2mg/kg for former planting soil, the possible reason is Sludge used passes through fermentation process, and nitrate nitrogen content is compared with horn of plenty.Remaining medium is added, for relatively former planting soil, nitrate nitrogen Content has different degrees of decline, the possible reason is contained nutriment is not based on nitrogen in other media.

16 different medium soil nitrate nitrogen content of table compares two-by-two

Variance analysis is carried out as the stream flood peak delay time that goes out to the soil of different medium obtained by experiment in the present embodiment, as a result Show the conspicuousness of the variation of medium soil less than 0.01, therefore the variation of visible facility medium soil to go out stream flood peak delay time Influence it is extremely significant.

Table 17 goes out to flow the analysis of flood peak variance of delay time

Note: it is significant that conspicuousness≤0.05 indicates that the factor influences result, and conspicuousness≤0.01 indicates the influence of the factor It is extremely significant.(the same below)

As shown in table 18, go out stream flood peak delay time of the different medium soil to Rain Garden, difference was more significant two-by-two, wherein Composite soil up to 63min, reason may be that medium soil type contained by composite soil is more, increase the viscous ability of soil.Original seed is planted Soil goes out to flow flood peak delay time for 55min, and the medium soils such as organic fertilizer, sludge, coco bran, gypsum go out stream flood peak delay time and original Close, respectively 51min, 56min, 56min, 59min of planting soil.

18 different medium soil of table goes out to flow comparing two-by-two for flood peak delay time

Note: the class mean in similar subset will be shown.

A. harmomic mean sample size=3.000 will be used.B.Alpha=0.05.(the same below)

Therefore, when to improve out the efficiency of stream flood peak delay time as the main purpose, Rain Garden plants layer medium soil It can choose composite soil.

As shown in table 5-4, difference is more significant two-by-two for flood peak accumulation runoff reduction rate of the different medium soil to Rain Garden, Middle saline-alkali soil is up to 91% to flood peak accumulation runoff reduction rate, and reason may be saline-alkali soil large viscosity, be unfavorable for rainwater infiltration. In experimental group, turf, yellow sand, sludge are higher to flood peak accumulation runoff reduction rate, and respectively 89%, 87%, 78%, reason may Be be added three after, it is more coarse relative to other materials surface, so make accumulation reduction increase, and respectively than original seed plant Soil increases 17%, 15%, 6%.

19 different medium soil flood peak of table accumulation reduction rate compares two-by-two

Therefore when to improve the efficiency of time of peak accumulation runoff reduction as the main purpose, Rain Garden plants layer medium Soil can choose turf, yellow sand, sludge.

Variance analysis is carried out as the total reduction rate of the runoff to different medium soil obtained by experiment in the present embodiment, as a result table Bright, the conspicuousness of the variation of medium soil is less than 0.01, therefore the influence of the total reduction rate of change on runoff of visible facility medium soil It is extremely significant.

The total reduction rate variance analysis of table 20

As shown in table 21, difference is more significant two-by-two for total reduction rate of the different medium soil to Rain Garden, wherein saline-alkali soil pair Total reduction rate is up to 85%, and reason may be saline-alkali soil large viscosity, under conditions of same time, equal rainfall, is led to It crosses experimental provision and goes out the yielding flow flowed less than other medium soils.In experimental group, yellow sand, sludge are higher to total reduction rate, respectively It is 76%, 65%, reason may be, more coarse relative to other materials, and then make to go out by experimental provision after the two is added The yielding flow of stream is reduced, and increases 21%, 9% than former planting soil respectively.

The table 21 different medium total reduction rate of soil compares two-by-two

Therefore, when to improve efficiency that runoff is always cut down as the main purpose, Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil can be selected Select yellow sand, sludge.

Inorganic light weight soil and organic media soil in control group are two kinds of new materials, it may be possible to because of both novel-sections Material is more smooth relative to other materials, low for the viscous ability of runoff, therefore it goes out to flow flood peak delay time, time of peak tires out Product runoff reduction rate and total reduction rate are lower than former planting soil.

Variance analysis is carried out as the permeability to different medium soil obtained by experiment in this mountain embodiment, the results showed that, it is situated between The conspicuousness of the variation of matter soil is less than 0.01, therefore the influence of the total reduction rate of change on runoff of visible facility medium soil is extremely aobvious It writes.

22 soil permeability variance analysis of table

As shown in table 23, difference is more significant two-by-two for permeability of the different medium soil to Rain Garden, wherein inorganic light weight soil It is up to 1.5E-06m/s to Rain Garden permeability, organic light soil takes second place for 1.4E-06m/s, and reason may be two kinds of letters New material porosity is high, and infiltration rate is very fast therebetween for runoff.In experimental group, organic fertilizer is up to Rain Garden permeability 9.2E-07m/s, the medium soils such as composite soil, coco bran, turf, gypsum also have different journeys relative to former planting soil (5.8E-07m/s) The increase of degree, reason may be after various medium soils are added, and the porosity of soil increased, to accelerate rainwater infiltration Rate.

The Rain Garden permeability of table 23 different medium soil compares two-by-two

Therefore, when to improve the efficiency of rain penetration as the main purpose, Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil be can choose Organic fertilizer, composite soil, coco bran, turf, gypsum.

According to the result tested in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the conspicuousness of each experiment is respectively less than 0.01, this illustrates rain The change of layer medium soil is planted in spray garden, cuts down efficiency, total reduction to stream flood peak delay time out, time of peak accumulation runoff Rate, the influence of soil permeability are extremely significant.

Stream flood peak delay time sorts from low to high out are as follows: (control) saline-alkali soil < (control) inorganic light weight soil < (control) has Former planting soil < sludge < coco bran < gypsum < the composite soil of machine medium soil < turf < yellow sand < organic fertilizer < (control).

Time of peak accumulation runoff reduction rate sorts from low to high are as follows: and organic fertilizer < (control) organic media soil < composite soil < Former planting soil < sludge < yellow sand < turf < (control) saline-alkali soil of gypsum < (control) inorganic light weight soil < coco bran < (control).

Total reduction rate sorts from low to high are as follows: organic fertilizer < (control) organic media soil < (control) inorganic light weight soil < mixing Soil < gypsum < coco bran < turf < (control) original planting soil < sludge < yellow sand < (control) saline-alkali soil.

Soil permeability sorts from low to high are as follows: and the former planting soil < gypsum of yellow sand < (control) saline-alkali soil < sludge < (control) < Turf < coco bran < composite soil < organic fertilizer < (control) organic media soil < (control) inorganic light weight soil.

Compare former planting soil, the change of facility medium soil, the character of soil is changed it is more obvious, be added sludge, coco bran, The media such as gypsum, composite soil make to show that stream flood peak delay time increases 1~8min, wherein highest is that composite soil is 63min；The media such as sludge, yellow sand, turf are added, so that time of peak accumulation runoff reduction rate increases 6%~17%, wherein It is highest be turf be 89%；The media such as sludge, yellow sand are added, so that total reduction rate increases 9%~21%, wherein highest Be yellow sand be 76%；The media such as gypsum, turf, coco bran, composite soil, organic fertilizer are added, keep Rain Garden permeability different degrees of Increase, wherein it is highest be organic fertilizer be 9.2E-07m/s.

Saline-alkali soil, since soil viscosity is big, viscous force is strong, and time of peak runoff accumulation reduction rate and total reduction rate reach respectively The disadvantages of to 91% and 85%, but rain infiltration ability is poor, is unfavorable for plant growth is not appropriate for being directly used in rainwater flower Plant layer in garden.According to each group experimental result, after various medium soils are added, the character of soil significantly improves.

Two groups of new material (control) inorganic light weight soil and (control) organic media are native, maximum feature be have it is very strong Osmotic efficiency, therefore when Shanghai coastal region needs to construct the Rain Garden of very strong rain penetration efficiency, it can choose this Two kinds of new materials are as plantation layer medium soil.

Hydrological process ability parameter is obtained by experiment in the present embodiment.

24 hydrological process ability parameter of table

According to table 24 as can be seen that different medium material to hydrological process ability can make its be divided into optimal media soil, it is secondary Excellent medium soil and three excellent medium soils.

Table 25 is suitble to improve the evaluation method of hydrology Rain Garden medium soil

The Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil for being suitble to Shanghai Harbor area is selected in the present embodiment using point system, is Use stream flood peak delay time, time of peak accumulation runoff reduction rate, total reduction rate, permeability this cubic face ring it is more flat Weighing apparatus, therefore 25% is set to this 4 weight；It is extremely significant 100% by influence degree, aobvious for each medium soil influence degree Write 50%, not significant 0% score；5 points optimal to hydrological process ability to each medium soil, suboptimum 3 divide, three excellent 1 point, other 0 point Score.

Table 26 is suitble to improve the evaluation result of hydrology Rain Garden medium soil

According to the score result of table 26, improving the best medium soil of ability to hydrological characteristics is composite soil and yellow sand, point Number score value is up to 2.0；What is taken second place is turf, score value 1.5；Again be organic fertilizer, score value 1.3.In experiment, Overflow phenomena has occurred with the native experimental provision of yellow sand medium soil, therefore deducts 0.5 to it, i.e., its score value becomes 1.5.Score value embodies The integration capability that medium soil improves hydrology spy.Therefore in Shanghai Harbor area, it is to improve Rain Garden to hydrological characteristics When main purpose, it can choose addition mixing soil-structure interactions.

In the present embodiment, by showing that the COD in stream rainwater carries out variance analysis to experiment, the results showed that, medium soil Variation conspicuousness less than 0.01, therefore the variation of visible facility medium soil to go out stream rainwater in COD influence it is extremely significant.

Table 27 goes out COD variance analysis in flowing water

Note: it is significant that conspicuousness≤0.05 indicates that the factor influences result, and conspicuousness≤0.01 indicates the influence of the factor It is extremely significant.(the same below)

28 different medium soil of table goes out comparing two-by-two for COD content in flowing water

Note: the class mean in similar subset will be shown.

28 different medium soil of table goes out comparing two-by-two for COD content in flowing water

Note: the class mean in similar subset will be shown.

A. harmomic mean sample size=3.000 will be used.B.Alpha=0.05.(the same below)

As shown in table 28, difference is more significant two-by-two for going out COD content in flowing water for different medium soil.Wherein former planting soil goes out COD content is 29.4mg/L in flowing water, for former planting soil, the media such as gypsum, yellow sand is added, make to obtain COD in flowing water Content decline, fall is between 0.8~1.1mg/L；The media such as coco bran, turf, organic fertilizer, sludge, composite soil, meeting is added Increase COD content, wherein increasing at most is that organic fertilizer is added, increment reaches 36.8mg/L.The possible reason is these are situated between Contain a large amount of organic matters in matter, so that COD content increases in flowing water out.

Inorganic light weight soil and organic media soil, use in flowing water COD content and increase, inorganic light weight soil is added so that it becomes Originally 2 times, organic media soil is added so that it becomes 1.2 times originally.The possible reason is containing a large amount of in inorganic light weight soil Reducing inorganic object amount, so that COD content increases in flowing water out.

By to experiment obtain stream rainwater in TP progress variance analysis, the results showed that, the variation of medium soil it is significant Property less than 0.01, therefore the variation of visible facility medium soil to go out stream rainwater in TP influence it is extremely significant.

Table 29 goes out TP variance analysis in flowing water

As shown in table 30, difference is more significant two-by-two for going out TP content in flowing water for different medium soil.Wherein former planting soil goes out TP content is 0.14mg/L in flowing water, and for former planting soil, the media such as turf, gypsum, yellow sand, coco bran, composite soil are added, Influence to TP is smaller, and amplitude of variation is between 0.04~0.07mg/L；The media such as organic fertilizer, sludge are added, TP can be made obvious Increase, organic fertilizer, which is added, increases it by 1.59mg/L, and sludge, which is added, increases it by 0.44mg/L.It can be in conjunction with chapter 4 table 4-2 It analyzes, a large amount of available phosphorus is contained in organic fertilizer and sludge, therefore TP content will increase compared to former planting soil in flowing water out.

Inorganic light weight soil and organic media soil are used TP content in flowing water and are increased, and inorganic light weight soil, which is added, makes its increase Significantly, become original 14 times, and organic media soil, which is added, makes the slightly increased 0.03mg/L of TP.Analyzing reason by table 4-2 may It is that available phosphorus content (22.2mg/kg) is close with former planting soil (18.0mg/kg) in organic media soil, and has in inorganic medium soil Effect phosphorus content (105.8mg/kg) is apparently higher than former planting soil, therefore to go out TP content in flowing water very a height of for inorganic light weight soil 1.94mg/L。

30 different medium soil of table goes out comparing two-by-two for TP content in flowing water

By to experiment obtain stream rainwater in TN progress variance analysis, the results showed that, the variation of medium soil it is significant Property less than 0.01, therefore the variation of visible facility medium soil to go out stream rainwater in TN influence it is extremely significant.

Table 31 goes out TN variance analysis in flowing water

As shown in table 32, difference is more significant two-by-two for going out TN content in flowing water for different medium soil.Wherein former planting soil goes out TN content is 41.3mg/L in flowing water, and for former planting soil, organic fertilizer medium is added, and influences smaller, amplitude of variation to TN For 1.6mg/L；Sludge media is added, TN can be made to increase 11.92mg/L；Gypsum, composite soil, turf, yellow sand, coco bran etc. is added to be situated between Matter substantially reduces TN, and fall is between 28.11~38.9mg/L.It may be sludge in conjunction with chapter 4 table 4-2 analysis In contain a large amount of nitrate nitrogen (94.5mg/L), therefore TN content will increase compared to former planting soil in flowing water out, and other are situated between Nitrate nitrogen content is low in matter, therefore TN content can be lower than former planting soil in flowing water out.

Inorganic light weight soil and organic media soil, addition inorganic light weight soil use TN in flowing water and increase 3.01mg/L, and addition has Machine medium soil can be such that TN substantially reduces, and only become original 7.8%.Analyzing reason by table 4-2 may be in organic media soil Nitrate nitrogen content is low, only 6.3mg/kg, and nitrate nitrogen content is 65.3mg/kg in former planting soil, therefore organic media is added Soil can use TN content in flowing water and substantially reduce.Nitrate nitrogen containing 298.2mg/kg in inorganic light weight soil, is former planting soil 4.6 times, but TN content is slightly increased in flowing water out, and reason may be that the nutriment in inorganic light weight soil is easy to be inhaled by plant It receives, therefore TN content is increased unobvious in flowing water out.

32 different medium soil of table goes out comparing two-by-two for TN content in flowing water

According to the experiment that SS in flowing water out influences, the numerical value that different medium soil goes out SS in flowing water is obtained.As shown in table 33, Illustrate out the mean value of SS in flowing water.

33 different medium soil of table goes out the content of SS in flowing water

It can be seen that the media such as addition turf, gypsum, yellow sand, coco bran, composite soil by analyzing table, it will not be to stream out SS in water is significantly affected, and as former planting soil, SS is respectively less than 4mg/L, and after the media such as organic fertilizer, sludge are added, it flows out SS content is respectively 34mg/L and 21mg/L in water, reason may be respectively due in organic fertilizer filamentary discharges and sludge be situated between Caused by matter aging.

Inorganic light weight soil and organic media soil, addition inorganic light weight soil are unobvious on SS influence, and SS content is small in flowing water out In 4mg/L, organic media soil, which is added, so that SS is increased, and reason may be to be caused by the filamentary discharges in machine medium.

Show that sludge media goes out to flow water quality situation by experiment in the present embodiment.

34 sludge media of table goes out to flow water quality situation

Organic matter rich in sludge water sample, but also easily containing to natural environment and the huge sum of money being harmful to the human body Belong to, such as the substances such as mercury, pincers, chromium.The flowing water sample that goes out for flowing through sludge media is taken out, heavy metal analysis is carried out to it, as a result such as Shown in table 34.According to " groundwater quality standard " GB/T14848-2017, it is only V class water that this, which goes out flowing water, and wherein mercury content is exceeded It is more, if therefore using sludge used is tested, purified treatment need to be carried out.

Rainwater, which flows through Rain Garden, can make its water quality change, and this chapter is to the Rain Garden changed after planting layer medium soil Water flow water quality is analyzed.The important water quality indicators such as COD, TP, TN, SS in water are chosen as research object, are situated between by changing Matter soil species class, measures its situation of change.The result tested according to this chapter, it can be seen that the conspicuousness of each experiment is respectively less than 0.01, this illustrates that the change of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil, the influence to COD, TP, TN, SS in flowing water out are extremely significant.

Improve situation table according to table 4-2 medium soil, it can be seen that the soil organic matter content of (control) used original planting soil For 18.4g/kg, available phosphorus content 18.0mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 122mg/kg, nitrate nitrogen content 65.3mg/kg. Indices contained in remaining medium soil and (control) former planting soil are closer, and Index Influence is smaller in flowing water out.

Contain more nitrate nitrogen in organic fertilizer and sludge both media, there is 38.8mg/kg and 94.5mg/kg respectively, So influencing to protrude on the TN in flowing water out in the experiment that TN influences.And nitrate nitrogen contained in remaining medium is seldom, so The content of TN can be remarkably decreased in flowing water out.

It similarly, is still organic fertilizer and sludge both media to it is outstanding to go out stream water quality impact in the experiment that TP influences, Equally because available phosphorus contained by it is higher than the content in (control) original planting soil, 71.1mg/kg and 67.4mg/kg have been respectively reached. Available phosphorus contained in remaining medium and the content in (control) former planting soil are close therefore unknown to the influence for going out TP in stream It is aobvious.

What COD reacted is the COD in water, and the organic matter contained in medium soil is higher, is also also contained in flowing water out Higher COD.The soil organic matter content of both media of gypsum and yellow sand is very low, only 5.5g/kg and 4.6g/kg, so The COD in flowing water is lower compared in (control) former planting soil out.

SS, solid suspension are the important indicators for detecting water standard.SS is water the main reason for causing water turbidity It is easy anaerobic fermentation after the organic suspended matter deposition of matter, leads to water quality deterioration.SS influence experiment in, organic fertilizer, sludge, It is more that the media such as (control) organic media soil go out the SS in flowing water, and analysis is easily old the reason is that this three kinds of medium organic contents are abundant Change, is easily accessible water body.

It is directed to weather conditions, soil characteristic and the ambient conditions in Shanghai Harbor area in the present embodiment, proposes 3 kinds and is suitble to face The Rain Garden in port area is to purify every salt form Rain Garden, integrate every salt form Rain Garden and regulate and store every salt form rainwater respectively Garden.It wherein purifies and is suitble to greater coasting area every salt form Rain Garden, soil salinity and alkalinity is big (salt content >=0.4%), such as harbour Bank section, bay bank section, island bank section；The comprehensive region for being suitble to have certain distance away from seashore every salt form Rain Garden, soil alkaline Moderate (0.3%~0.4%) is spent, run-off is big, such as residential area, pavement etc.；It regulates and stores and is suitble to every salt form Rain Garden From the farther away region in sea, soil salinity and alkalinity is low (0.1%~0.2%), and rainwash is more, such as park green land.

Show that the Rain Garden suitable for the area reclamation of salinep-alkali soil of Shanghai Harbor plants the screening of layer medium soil, tool by testing Body is as follows: purification is suitable for close with a distance from sea, the high region of soil salinity and alkalinity (salt content >=0.4%) every salt form Rain Garden, Such as harbour bank section, bay bank section, island bank section etc..Therefore, purification should have good saline and alkaline land reform every salt form Rain Garden Kind ability, and flowing water matter should have preferable improvement out.By Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to the marking result of 10 experts 5 sides such as saline-alkali soil improvement, hydrological characteristics, plant growth index, plant physiology index, water correction are obtained after being weighted and averaged Face weight is set to 24.52%, 47.17%, 6.23%, 6.23%, 15.85%.

Table 35 is suitble to purification every the score result of salt form Rain Garden medium soil

As shown in table 35, most preferably yellow sand, score value are up to 1.62 to integration capability；It secondly is turf, score value is 1.55；It is again sludge, score value 1.55.Therefore, in Shanghai Harbor greater coasting area, Rain Garden plants layer should be yellow using being added Husky mode optimizes, so that building is suitable for the purification in this region every salt form Rain Garden.

It is comprehensive to be suitable for having certain distance away from seashore every salt form Rain Garden, soil salinity and alkalinity it is moderate (0.3%~ 0.4%), big region of run-off, such as residential area, curbside pavement etc..Therefore, synthesis should have every salt form Rain Garden Standby good plant growth environment and the hydrology, water correction ability, various aspects ability are more balanced.Pass through Delphi method and layer Fractional analysis obtains saline-alkali soil improvement after being weighted and averaged to the marking result of 10 experts, hydrological characteristics, plant growth refer to The five aspect weights such as mark, plant physiology index, water correction are set to 19.51%, 26.99%, 17.48%, 17.48%, 18.54%.Improve ability score value according to saline-alkali soil is obtained after the weighting of table 4-19 result above；It is obtained after being weighted according to 26 result of table Improve hydrological characteristics ability score value.

Table 36 is suitble to the comprehensive score result every salt form Rain Garden medium soil

As shown in table 36, most preferably turf, score value are up to 1.84 to integration capability；It secondly is sludge, score value is 1.56；It is again yellow sand, score value 1.55.Therefore, the region with a certain distance from Shanghai Harbor has far from seashore, Rain Garden kind Planting layer should be optimized by the way of turf is added, so that building is suitable for the synthesis in this region every salt form Rain Garden.

It regulates and stores and is suitble to from sea farther out every salt form Rain Garden, soil salinity and alkalinity is low (0.1%~0.2%), and rainwash is more Region, such as park green land etc..Therefore good hydrology ability should be had every salt form Rain Garden by regulating and storing.By Delphi method and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) obtains saline-alkali soil improvement, hydrological characteristics, plant growth after being weighted and averaged to the marking result of 10 experts The five aspect weight such as index, plant physiology index, water correction is set to 14.56%, 63.8%, 7.13%, 7.13%, 7.38%.Improve ability score value according to saline-alkali soil is obtained after the weighting of table 4-19 result above；It is obtained after being weighted according to 26 result of table Improve hydrological characteristics ability score value；Improve water quality ability score value according to obtaining after the weighting of table 6-11 result；According to table 7-21 result Obtaining after weighting improves plant growth index ability score value；Improve plant physiology index energy according to obtaining after the weighting of table 7-24 result Power point is planted.

Table 37 is suitble to the score result regulated and stored every salt form Rain Garden medium soil

As shown in table 37, most preferably composite soil, score value are up to 1.58 to integration capability；It secondly is turf, score value is 1.57；It is again yellow sand, score value 1.47.Therefore, in Shanghai Harbor far from the longer-distance region in seashore, Rain Garden plantation Layer should be optimized by the way of composite soil is added, thus building regulating and storing every salt form Rain Garden suitable for this area.

The present embodiment interval salt form Rain Garden should have pretreatment facility, aquifer, coating, plantation layer, transition Layer, packing layer, drainage blanket, infiltration facility and overfall facility etc..Wherein pretreatment facility is by clod cover in its annular side slope Upper composition, aquifer are 15cm thick, and coating is the cobble of 3cm partial size 1cm or so, plant the improvement planting soil that layer is 20cm, Transition zone is the melon seeds piece of 0.35~0.5mm of 5cm partial size, and packing layer is the improvement planting soil of 30cm, every the boiling that salt deposit is 10cm Stone, drainage blanket are 10cm cobble.

Seepage flow facility Rain Garden bottom, including soakaway trench and infiltration drainpipe.It often assigns the bottom of drainage blanket The perforated pipe of diameter 100mm is as soakaway trench, and after rainfall runoff passes through Rain Garden, thus pipe is circulated to infiltration drainpipe (tool Have 1~3% gradient), it is finally coupled in neighbouring lower well.

The overfall facility of Rain Garden through the overflow pipe of aquifer and the relief sewer positioned at bottom by forming, overflow Tube top end the porous type baffle of 1~2cm of overflow port upper installing hole diameter and is higher by aquifer 15cm there are overflow port.Overflow pipe has 1 ~3% gradient, higher one end are connected to overflow pipe, and lower one end is connected to neighbouring branch drain or catch-basin.

Table 38 is every salt form Rain Garden structural parameters

According to analysis of experimental data in the present embodiment, purifies and plant the planting soil in layer and packing layer every salt form Rain Garden It joined the yellow sand medium soil that volume ratio is 15%.

After yellow sand is added in Rain Garden plantation layer, changes of soil properties is more apparent.For saline-alkali soil, total salt quantity Decline 77.6% and 2.6% respectively with soil pH value.In terms of hydrological characteristics, for former planting soil, time of peak accumulation Runoff reduction rate and preceding 1h reduction rate are significantly increased, and 15% and 20% is respectively increased.In terms of going out stream water correction, for original For planting soil, COD, TP, TN content all decline, and SS content is also without departing from 4mg/L.

The purification of table 39 is every the estimated index of salt form Rain Garden

Purification is to purify water every salt form Rain Garden main purpose, improves saline-alkali soil, but since yellow sand is mostly inorganic Jie Matter, therefore the soil organism and soil fertility have different degrees of decline, therefore when selection plant, it to select in soil depletion Survival ability is strong, and the plant of saline-alkali tolerant.

In the present embodiment, according to analysis of experimental data, purifies and plant the plantation in layer and packing layer every salt form Rain Garden Soil is the turf medium soil that joined volume ratio and be 15%.

After turf is added in Rain Garden plantation layer, changes of soil properties is obvious.For saline-alkali soil, total salt quantity and Soil pH value declines 76.1% and 7.9% respectively, and the soil organism improves 294%, and available phosphorus improves 29.7%, and nitrate nitrogen improves 150%.In terms of hydrological characteristics, for former planting soil, time of peak accumulates runoff reduction rate and improves 17%, and permeability mentions It is high by 18.9%.In terms of going out stream water correction, for former planting soil, TP and TN content declines 28.6% He respectively 75.9%, and SS content is also without departing from 4mg/L.

The purification of table 40 is every the estimated index of salt form Rain Garden

Purification is to purify water every salt form Rain Garden main purpose, improves saline-alkali soil, but since yellow sand is mostly inorganic Jie Matter, therefore the soil organism and soil fertility have different degrees of decline, therefore when selection plant, it to select in soil depletion Survival ability is strong, and the plant of saline-alkali tolerant.

According to analysis of experimental data in the present embodiment, purifies and plant the planting soil in layer and packing layer every salt form Rain Garden It is the turf medium soil that joined volume ratio and be 15%.

After turf is added in Rain Garden plantation layer, changes of soil properties is obvious.For saline-alkali soil, total salt quantity and Soil pH value declines 76.1% and 7.9% respectively, and the soil organism improves 294%, and available phosphorus improves 29.7%, and nitrate nitrogen improves 150%.In terms of hydrological characteristics, for former planting soil, time of peak accumulates runoff reduction rate and improves 17%, and permeability mentions It is high by 18.9%.In terms of going out stream water correction, for former planting soil, TP and TN content declines 28.6% He respectively 75.9%, and SS content is also without departing from 4mg/L.

Table 41 is comprehensive every the estimated index of salt form Rain Garden

Comprehensive to be used primarily in the ground such as residential area, curbside pavement every salt form Rain Garden, various aspects ability is more equal Weighing apparatus, can both improve soil alkaline situation, can also improve hydrological characteristics, and unobvious to stream water quality impact is gone out.It is selected in plant Aspect is selected, it is as various as possible, beautiful under the premise of guaranteeing survival, meet urban construction principle.

According to analysis of experimental data in the present embodiment, purifies and plant the planting soil in layer and packing layer every salt form Rain Garden Be joined volume ratio be respectively 4% yellow sand, 6% turf, 2% organic fertilizer, 2% sludge, 2% coco bran composition.

After composite soil is added in Rain Garden plantation layer, changes of soil properties is obvious.For saline-alkali soil, total salt quantity Decline 73.9% and 8.2% respectively with soil pH value, the soil organism improves 451%, available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen content It is respectively increased 296%, 56.9%, 520%.In terms of hydrological characteristics, for former planting soil, stream flood peak delay time is mentioned out High by 14.6%, permeability improves 25.9%.In terms of going out stream water correction, for former planting soil, TN content declines respectively 74.3%, and SS content is also without departing from 4mg/L.

Table 42 is regulated and stored every the estimated index of salt form Rain Garden

It regulates and stores every salt form Rain Garden in processing hydrological characteristics, it is desirable that soil has higher permeability, main In Urban Parks, farther out from sea, soil salinity and alkalinity is low.

Comprehensive research is not carried out to plant growth in the present embodiment, three kinds of plants are in medium soil after only having studied 30 days In some growth and physical signs, judge the influence difference in soil of the plant after improvement and former growing environment, and study Its survival ability in saline-alkali soil.

43 Rain Garden plant contrast table of table

As research object, living environment is as follows for 3 kinds of photinia glabra, Afriocan agapanthus, pink reineckea herb plants:

Photinia glabra likes the growing environment of warm moist, it has extremely strong anti-negative ability and drought-resistant ability, and resists Saline alkali is preferable, resistance to trimming, barren-resistant, of less demanding to soil, is suitble to be grown in various soil, it is easy to transplant strain.

Afriocan agapanthus is sensitive to sunlight, likes warm, wet and sunny environment.Temperature and humidity is controlled in winter, No more than 25 DEG C, otherwise can undue growth, influence beauty, be advisable with loose, fertile sandy soil.

Pink reineckea herb is of less demanding to soil, and adaptive faculty is very strong, but it is noted that soil drainability.

It purifies and uses the planting soil of addition yellow sand every salt form Rain Garden, synthesis is used every salt form Rain Garden The planting soil of turf is added, regulates and stores and uses the planting soil of addition composite soil every salt form Rain Garden.The plantation of three types For the relatively former planting soil of soil, there are change, three kinds of photinia glabra, Afriocan agapanthus, pink reineckea herb plants in terms of soil property To survive in different soils, but upgrowth situation is slightly different.Nutriment is less in yellow sand, therefore three kinds of plants are in strain Height, blade quantity, light and rate, transpiration rate etc. are compared for original seed plants soil, there is a different degrees of reduction, therefore Purification is every will select impoverishment tolerant, saline-alkali tolerant in salt form Rain Garden, the plant of less demanding to soil.Contain in turf and composite soil There are the soil organism abundant and the nutriment conducive to plant absorption, also be can analyze out by table 8-8, the items of 3 kinds of plants Index has increasing to have to subtract, influence on the whole unobvious compared with former planting soil.Therefore comprehensive every being selected in salt form Rain Garden Function synthesized, visual appearance require lower plant to soil, and it is fast conducive to rainwater every to select in salt form Rain Garden to regulate and store The plant of speed infiltration.

In terms of plant safety, plant should select to influence the ecological balance low plant, fully take into account rainwater flower Garden nearby residents, pedestrian safety.Rain Garden should plant polytype plant, avoid single vegetation, single level, pass through The ecological community of plant building, improves the ecologic stability of Rain Garden, preferably resists alien species.In addition, can be with residence The people, pedestrian contact Rain Garden in, avoid using with plant malicious, barbed, with peculiar smell, guaranteeing life safety.

In Rain Garden, the plant that select well developed root system, detergent power outstanding.Wang Jia, Wang Sisi et al. discovery, plant The upgrowth situation of object root system has the influence of highly significant to its decontamination stain resistance, and root system of plant is more flourishing, purifies energy Power is stronger.But the plant that Rain Garden can not select root system too long avoids damage to transition zone, packing layer, drainage blanket, leads to function It can decline.

It, be in view of the Saline alkali tolerance and the waterlogging energy of drought resisting of plant since Rain Garden used is in Harbor area Power.Rain Garden will guarantee that whole year can run, and plant is outstanding in the various aspects ability such as salt resistance alkali, fighting drought, insect pest.

The plant that Rain Garden will select ornamental value high according to season avoids using excessive single cropping growing plants, in life In the case that elongate member allows, consideration colour match as far as possible improves the overall beautiful degree of Rain Garden.

Plant growth in Rain Garden needs certain growth environment, and the Rain Garden in the cell of curbside is also possible to There is sanitary condition, therefore to Rain Garden maintenance, to its long term growth important role.It is noted that: (1) it clears up miscellaneous Object；Over time, the phenomenon that rubbish, the sundries in Rain Garden being cleared up, being detained for a long time in case of rainwater, Consider to clean coating, to guarantee that Rain Garden various functions are normal.(2) periodically watering；When hot weather, it is long-term not under Phenomena such as when rain, pouring Rain Garden in time, preventing the withered necrosis of plant hydropenia and dry and cracked soil.(3) vegetation pruning； Plant growth in Rain Garden for a period of time after, branches and leaves are mutually more in great numbers than before, too closely will affect the growth of plant, The lower plant of some plant heights may can not see sunlight, influence its photosynthesis.In addition, overstocked branches and leaves, meeting mulching soil, So that soil can not receive direct sunlight, causes its humidity excessively high, influence plant root growth and soil remediation.Therefore it periodically wants Plant is trimmed, and is weeded out the rank grass.

In conclusion have improvement to the salt alkali number of saline-alkali soil after joined not same media, soil pH value tended to Property.According to the characteristic of different materials, for saline-alkali soil, improvement to soil organic matter content and soil fertility has not With the variation of degree.Turf, organic matter, coco bran, the medium soil full of nutrition such as sludge is added, can make soil organic matter content and Soil fertility is promoted.Soil organic matter content is promoted by arranging in descending order are as follows: sludge > coco bran > composite soil > organic fertilizer > turf.

Using salt affected soil area as research background in the present embodiment, by the way that turf, organic fertilizer, stone are added in saline-alkali soil The medium soils such as cream, yellow sand, sludge, coco bran, composite soil carry out reclamation of salinep-alkali soil experiment, carry out research institute's selected introductions confrontation saline-alkali soil Improvement；The experimental results showed that coating is 3cm cobble in aquifer 15cm, plantation layer is plantation of the 20cm by improvement Soil, transition zone are 5cm melon seeds piece, and packing layer is the planting soil of 30cm improvement, are 10cm zeolite every salt deposit, drainage blanket is 10cm ovum In the Rain Garden structure of stone, the sludge that volume ratio is 15% is most preferably added in plantation layer to saline-alkali soil improvement, Hydrological characteristics are influenced that volume ratio is most preferably added to be respectively 4% yellow sand, 6% turf, 2% organic fertilizer, 2% sludge, 2% coconut palm The turf that volume ratio is 15% is most preferably added to plant growth Index Influence, to plant physiology index shadow in the composite soil of chaff The gypsum that the organic fertilizer that the turf, volume ratio that volume ratio is 15% are 17% is most preferably added in sound, volume ratio is 11%, to out The yellow sand that volume ratio is 15% is most preferably added in stream water quality impact.

In conjunction with Harbor area status, in Rain Garden plantation layer the medium soil that is added can according to the characteristic of using area come It determines, according to the height of saline and alkaline in soil in the present embodiment, distance with a distance from extra large proposes purification every salt form rainwater flower Garden integrates every salt form Rain Garden, regulates and stores every three kinds of Rain Garden application models such as salt form Rain Garden, wherein purifying every salt form Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil optimum optimization mode is that yellow sand is added, and synthesis is that grass is added every salt form Rain Garden best mode Charcoal, regulating and storing every salt form Rain Garden best mode is that composite soil is added.

In addition to this, also using two kinds of new material inorganic light weight soil and organic media soil as experiment contrast in the present embodiment Group is studied.The result shows that inorganic light weight soil can reduce by 62.1% soil total salt amount in terms of saline-alkali soil improvement, drop Low 12.5% soil pH value improves 65.8% soil organism, and available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen content become respectively It is 11 times, 3 times, 84 times of saline-alkali soil；Organic media soil can reduce by 84.1% soil total salt amount, reduce by 15.3% soil PH value improves 595% soil organism, improves 147% available phosphorus, 7.3% available potassium and 80.6% nitrate nitrogen. In terms of hydrological characteristics, former planting soil is compared, inorganic light weight soil makes to show that stream flood peak delay time reduces 19min, time of peak It accumulates runoff reduction rate and reduces 9.2%, total reduction rate reduces 21.7%, and permeability improves 9.0E-07m/s；Organic media soil makes Show that stream flood peak delay time reduces 16min, runoff reduction rate of time of peak accumulating reduces 15.5%, and total reduction rate is reduced 24.8%, permeability improves 7.9E-07m/s.In terms of plant growth index, former planting soil is compared, inorganic light weight soil and organic The plant plant height planted in medium soil has decline, but inorganic light weight soil can make the blade quantity of photinia glabra and pink reineckea herb obvious Increase.In terms of plant physiology index, former planting soil is compared, inorganic light weight soil can make pink reineckea herb photosynthetic rate, pink reineckea herb rising Rate increases；Organic media soil can make photinia glabra photosynthetic rate, Afriocan agapanthus photosynthetic rate, Afriocan agapanthus transpiration rate, pink reineckea herb Transpiration rate increases.In terms of flowing water matter out, former planting soil is compared, inorganic light weight soil goes out COD content in flowing water and increases 30.8mg/ L, TP content increase 1.8mg/l, and TN content increases 3.0mg/l；Organic media soil goes out COD content in flowing water and increases 6.9mg/l, TP Content increases 0.03mg/l, and TN content reduces 38.1mg/l, and SS content is more than 4mg/l, reaches 12mg/l.In general, two Kind new material has good improvement result to saline-alkali soil, and is conducive to the plant leave of less demanding to soil, and it is photosynthetic to accelerate its Rate and transpiration rate.

What has been described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as well known specific structure and characteristic are not made herein in scheme Excessive description.It, without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art Several modifications and improvements are made, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence what the present invention was implemented Effect and patent practicability.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selection needs to build the position of Rain Garden, which is annular side slope, and the ground of side slope bottom is tamped；

(2) ground tamped in the step (1) is laid with drainage blanket, and drainage blanket uses cobble as filler, drainage blanket with a thickness of 100-300mm；

(3) be laid on the drainage blanket of step (2) every salt deposit, every the filler of salt deposit be river sand, clinker or zeolite, with a thickness of 100- 200mm；

(4) be laid with packing layer on the drainage blanket of step (3), packing layer with a thickness of 200-500mm；

(5) be laid with transition zone on the packing layer of step (4), the filler of transition zone is middle sand, transition zone with a thickness of 50- 100mm；

(6) plantation layer is laid on the transition zone of step (5), plantation layer includes vegetation and medium soil；

(7) coating is laid on the plantation layer of step (6), coating is microlith or organic mat, and overburden cover is 200-300mm；

(8) increase aquifer on the coating of step (7), the depth of water of aquifer is 150-200mm.

2. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) in the partial size of cobble be 10-20mm, drainage blanket with a thickness of 100mm.

3. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3) filler of interval salt deposit is zeolite, with a thickness of 100mm.

4. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) in packing layer be improvement planting soil, improve planting soil with a thickness of 300mm.

5. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (6) in plantation layer with a thickness of 200mm.

6. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (7) coating with a thickness of 300mm in.

7. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) the annular side slope in is pre-processed before use, covers one layer of gravel when pretreatment in annular side slope.

8. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 7, which is characterized in that step (1) a vertical drainpipe is buried in annular side slope middle when being pre-processed, the lower end of drainpipe extend into drainage blanket Lower section.

9. a kind of optimization method of Rain Garden plantation layer medium soil according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (6) organic fertilizer, the 2-15% that volume accounting is the yellow sand of 4-15%, the turf of 6-15%, 2-17% are added in the planting soil in Sludge, 2-10% coco bran and/or composite soil.