CN114885728A - Construction method of riverside zone vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control - Google Patents
Construction method of riverside zone vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885728A CN114885728A CN202210385956.2A CN202210385956A CN114885728A CN 114885728 A CN114885728 A CN 114885728A CN 202210385956 A CN202210385956 A CN 202210385956A CN 114885728 A CN114885728 A CN 114885728A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a riverside vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control, and belongs to the field of non-point source pollution treatment and ecosystem construction. The method comprises the tree species selection principle of a vegetation buffer zone, a tree species configuration method, the width design of the buffer zone, a field trimming scheme, a planting technology, maintenance measures and the like. The river bank vegetation buffer zone constructed by the invention has the characteristics of being suitable for local conditions, simple, convenient and practical, can effectively intercept and remove nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements, organic pesticides, runoff silt and other substances generated by agricultural non-point sources, has landscape benefits and ecological benefits, and has certain practical value and popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-point source pollution treatment and ecosystem construction, and relates to a construction method of a riverside vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control.
Background
Fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, agricultural antibiotics, and the like used in agricultural activities are important sources of surface-source pollution of ground surfaces and underground water bodies in agricultural areas (Tuncel, Oztas et al 2008). In an agricultural intensive area, organic matters used in agricultural activities can enter a hydrological circulation system along with rainfall infiltration, surface runoff, subsurface runoff and other ways and are transferred, so that the water quality is deteriorated, the drinking water safety is threatened, and the microbial functions and community structures participating in the biogeochemical circulation in the environment are influenced. Therefore, the method has important significance for effectively treating the problems of agricultural non-point source nutrient salt, organic pesticide pollution, water and soil loss and the like.
The phytoremediation technology is to absorb pollutants from a polluted environment medium into a plant body by utilizing the absorption of plant roots and the transpiration of plants, and can effectively inhibit the migration of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like and organic pollutants in surface soil and shallow groundwater. The riverside zone is an ecological transition zone between a stream and a land area, is a staggered zone of a land ecological system and an aquatic ecological system, has low terrain, slow surface runoff, small dissolved oxygen, shallow underground water level, high organic matter accumulation amount, high biological geochemical reaction strength, high microbial biomass and related enzyme activity and reaction rate, has obvious pollutant removal effect, is a key area for intercepting the area source pollution of an agricultural area, and is an important area for researching plant restoration technology.
At present, there are many reports on soil and groundwater phytoremediation in the riverside buffer zone, such as: according to review research on the biomass of the riverside zone, Benjamin Christen and Dalgaard 2013 and the like, the mechanical composition and the infiltration capacity of soil are found to be two important factors influencing the remediation effect, and examples prove that the upstream riverside zone can effectively reduce the risks of silt influx and downstream flood under the rainstorm condition, and has an obvious regulation and storage effect. The plant root area in the riparian zone soil may be the active area for many pesticides removal. The vegetation riverside is reported to have rich organic matters, the activity of microorganisms is active, the degradation of alachlor is higher than that of common soil, and the half life period is reduced from 23 days to 10 days. The Din and Chen (1979,1981) study showed that the 3m buffer zone was sufficient for short-term sequestration of common contaminants, whereas the more soluble pesticide required a 30m wide filter zone to remove, sometimes even extending to 60m to enhance the effect. Xuyang Zhang et al (Zhang, Liu et al 2010) systematically reviews reports about the restoration effect of the plant riverside zone by applying a meta-analysis method, evaluates the removal effect of the plant riverside zone on agricultural non-point source pollution, and quantifies the relationship among the pollutant removal rate, the width of the riverside zone, the gradient, the soil type and the plant type. The statistical result shows that more than 85% of pollutants can be effectively removed by the riverside buffer zone with the width of 30m and the gradient of about 0.1. Application publication number is CN 105923777A's utility model patent application document discloses a plant community structure mode in bank buffering area, including slope design and the plant community structure in bank buffering area, through the slope of bank buffering area effectively set up and the plant community mode of planting, can make nitrogen, phosphorus get rid of the efficiency best in the non-point source pollution, the effective control non-point source pollution.
The above studies have lacked sufficient discussion on the specific arrangement mode of the vegetation on the river bank filter belt and the removal efficiency of agricultural non-point source pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to research a specific construction method of the riverbank filtering vegetation buffer zone aiming at agricultural non-point source pollution remediation so as to ensure the pollutant removal effect of the riverbank filtering zone and improve the agricultural non-point source pollution remediation and management efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the plain river network surface source pollution of an agricultural concentration area is increasingly severe under the background of grain yield increase and chemical fertilizer application increase, the invention aims to provide a construction method of a high-efficiency riverside zone planting buffer zone, which is suitable for local conditions, simple, convenient and practical and can effectively intercept and remove nutrient salt, runoff silt and organic pollutants generated by an agricultural surface source.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing a riverside zone vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) screening and configuration design of plant varieties of a vegetation buffer zone of a riverside zone: the method mainly comprises the steps of selecting indigenous varieties as main basis, wherein the selection basis mainly comprises the adaptation degree of plants to regional soil and climate, the growth speed and transpiration amount of the plants and the developed degree of plant roots; according to different restoration targets of the vegetation buffer zone, carrying out variety allocation on a tree layer, an shrub layer and a ground layer; wherein, in order to slow down the vegetation buffer zone that the bank corrodes as the purpose, the priority chooses arbor and bush, with the meadow assistance; the vegetation buffer zone aims at intercepting agricultural non-point source pollution and filtering nutrient substances, pesticides, microorganisms, runoff silt and the like, grasslands are preferentially selected, and arbors and shrubs are used for assisting; the vegetation buffer zone aims at building the ecological habitat of the river, beautifying the landscape and preventing flood, and is comprehensively designed by preferentially selecting arbors and shrubs in combination with grasslands;
designing the width of the vegetation buffer belt of the riverside zone: designing the width of the vegetation buffer zone according to different construction requirements of the vegetation buffer zone of the riverside zone; wherein the width of a vegetation buffer zone for water quality protection is 5-30 m, the width of a vegetation buffer zone for bank slope protection is 10-20 m, the width of a vegetation buffer zone for constructing ecological habitat of river banks is 30-500 m, the width of a vegetation buffer zone for preventing erosion of river banks is 3-10 m, and the width of a vegetation buffer zone for flood control is preferably 20-150 m;
and after the riverside zone planting buffer zone is designed, field trimming, tree planting and nursery stock maintenance are carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the construction requirements of vegetation buffer zones of different riverside zones, the design width range of the buffer zone is determined, the adaptability and the operability are high, and the restoration targets of different riverside zones can be met.
(2) According to the restoration target of the vegetation buffer zone of different riverside zones, by combining the local feature object clock and the natural vegetation types, the vegetation community structure suggestion of the riverside zone buffer zone is provided, so that the non-point source pollution interception efficiency of the riverside zone vegetation buffer zone is guaranteed, the construction cost is reduced, the landscape ecological function is increased, and the method has good application prospect and ecological environmental benefit.
(3) Through the scientificity and the careful degree of improving the nursery stock cultivation mode, the success rate of constructing the riverside planted quilt buffer zone is ensured, and meanwhile, the manpower and material resource resources are effectively utilized, so that the method is simple, convenient and practical according to local conditions.
(4) The river bank vegetation buffer zone constructed by the invention has the characteristics of being suitable for local conditions, simple, convenient and practical, can effectively intercept and remove nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements, organic pesticides, runoff silt and other substances generated by agricultural non-point sources, has landscape benefits and ecological benefits, and has certain practical value and popularization prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a vegetation buffer zone of the riverside zone according to the embodiment.
Wherein: 1. river, 2, vegetation buffer zone, 3, farmland, 4, vegetation layer, 5, shrub layer, 6, arbor layer, 7, surface runoff, 8, subsurface runoff, 9 and diving aquifer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the figures and examples.
Example one
A construction method of a riverside zone vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) screening and configuration design of plant varieties of the riverside vegetation buffer zone:
the plant variety selection is mainly based on the native variety, the screening basis mainly comprises the adaptation degree of the plant to regional soil and climate, the growth speed of the plant, the transpiration amount and the developed degree of the plant root system, and particularly, the principles of adapting to regional soil and climate conditions, higher growth speed, lower transpiration amount and developed root system are followed.
The contribution rates of arbors, shrubs and grasslands to different restoration targets are different, and the arbors, shrubs and ground coats are divided into different varieties according to the difference of the restoration targets of the vegetation buffer zone. The vegetation buffer zone for slowing down the erosion of the river bank has obvious effects of arbors and shrubs and needs to be selected preferentially, and grasslands have weak effects and need to be used as auxiliary varieties; the vegetation buffer zone which aims at intercepting agricultural non-point source pollution and filtering nutrient substances, pesticides, microorganisms, runoff silt and the like has obvious grassland effects and should be selected preferentially, and arbors and shrubs have weak effects and should be used as auxiliary varieties; the vegetation buffer zone for building ecological habitat, landscaping and flood control of river banks is preferably selected from arbors with excellent comprehensive effect, and then shrubs are selected and combined with grasslands for comprehensive design.
Designing the width of the riverside vegetation buffer zone:
the width of the buffer belt is designed according to different construction requirements of the vegetation buffer belt, wherein the width of the buffer belt for the purpose of water quality protection is preferably 5-30 m, the width of the buffer belt for the purpose of bank slope protection is preferably 10-20 m, the width of the buffer belt for the purpose of building an ecological habitat of a river bank is preferably 30-500 m, the width of the buffer belt for the purpose of preventing erosion of the river bank is preferably 3-10 m, and the width of the buffer belt for the purpose of flood control is preferably 20-150 m.
After the riverside zone is planted and is designed by the buffer zone, field trimming, tree planting and nursery stock maintenance are carried out:
the arbor layer is cultivated in a mode of mixed crossing between rows and mixed crossing between plants, the functional tree species are poplar, the landscape tree species are peach tree and willow, and the mixed crossing ratio is 2:1: 1. The planting points are arranged in a band shape, and the initial planting density is 600-800 clusters/hm 2 And from the second year of forestation, timely replanting according to the preservation rate, wherein the replanting proportion is 10 percent, and the replanting density is 60-80 clusters/hm 2 . In order to ensure the survival rate of the nursery stock, the plant with the soil ball is adopted for cultivation, and the complete fibrous root system and the high seedling height are required>300cm and the ground diameter is 3-5 cm.
The cultivation land block of the vegetation buffer zone of the riverside zone needs to be cleaned and prepared in spring and summer according to the mode of block and piece cleaning and hole overturning. Removing gravel when backfilling soil in planting holes of poplar, peach tree, willow and the like, and respectively stacking and backfilling surface soil and bottom soil; the soil balls of the seedlings are tightly wrapped; the bare-rooted seedlings are planted to be root-corrected and comfortable, roots are buried in fine soil, the soil is covered in layers, compaction is carried out, and the surfaces of holes are concave.
Carrying out artificial seedling planting in spring, watering enough root fixing water after planting for 3 times/month within three months, ensuring water supply at the initial growth stage of the seedlings, and then properly adjusting according to the local rainfall condition and the soil moisture degree; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 0.4-0.5 t/hm 2 . Timely tending is carried out on the nursery stocks, three years of continuous tending are carried out from the current year, knife tending is taken as a main mode, weeding and tending modes are matched, vine which affects the growth of trees is cut, and the vine can be covered around a planting hole to be beneficial to keeping moisture and preventing water and soil loss; and (4) carrying out nursery stock tending for 1 time every year to 5 th year by adopting a cutter tending and hoe tending mode.
Example two
The embodiment provides a method for constructing a vegetation buffer zone of a plain river network river riparian zone in an agricultural concentration area, and an agricultural non-point source pollution control test project is constructed and implemented according to the method. The engineering floor area is 13.5km 2 The grain crop is mainly wheat, corn and beans, and has a multiple cropping index of 1.88. The soil types are mainly silt black soil and mortar black soil, and the soil volume weight of a plough layer is about 1.45g/cm 3 And the field water capacity is 27 percent. According to the analysis and calculation of the rainfall data of many years, the average rainfall of the demonstration area of many years is 890.1mm, the rainfall is concentrated in 6-9 months of the flood season within years, generally accounts for 60-70% of the rainfall of the whole year, and the rainfall is concentrated in 7 months of the flood season and accounts for 20-30% of the rainfall of the whole year; the average temperature of the air is 14.4 ℃ for many years, and the change is not great in the years. The shallow layer underground water is buried 1-3 m deep, the surface water is replenished with the underground water in the flood season, and the new underground water is replenished with the surface water in the non-flood season; the average concentration of nitrate nitrogen in underground water is 12.2mg/L, and can reach more than 50mg/L at most; the average concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the surface water is 0.85mg/L, and the average concentration of total nitrogen is 10.3 mg/L.
As shown in fig. 1, vegetation buffer zones 2 are constructed in riverside zones on both sides of a river 1, the riverside zones are designed to intercept partial surface runoff 7 and subsurface runoff 8, prevent agricultural non-point source pollution and protect river water quality, and the width is set to be 5 m. The afforestation tree species are divided into a tree layer 6, an shrub layer 5 and a ground layer 4, wherein the tree layer mainly adopts local common poplar as functional tree species, the shrub layer adopts reed, and the ground layer is sown with pinus and rye seeds; the original vegetation around the planting pit is not damaged during afforestation, the natural growth of the irrigation and grass vegetation is induced, and the artificial vegetation buffer community with good multi-level coverage, staggered height and density is formed. After the vegetation cover and survival condition of the riverside vegetation buffer zone meet the requirements, the inflow and outflow of the buffer zone are monitored, and the result shows that the removal efficiency of the riverside vegetation buffer zone on the underground runoff nitrate nitrogen is 71.61 percent, and the removal efficiency of the total nitrogen is 54.25 percent.
Claims (5)
1. A method for constructing a riverside zone vegetation buffer zone for non-point source pollution control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) screening and configuration design of plant varieties of a vegetation buffer zone of a riverside zone: the method mainly comprises the steps of taking indigenous varieties as main materials, and screening according to the main factors of the adaptability of plants to regional soil and climate, the growth speed of the plants, the transpiration amount and the developed degree of plant root systems; according to different restoration targets of the vegetation buffer zone, carrying out variety allocation on a tree layer, an shrub layer and a ground layer; wherein, in order to slow down the vegetation buffer zone that the bank corrodes as the purpose, the priority chooses arbor and bush, with the meadow assistance; the vegetation buffer zone aims at intercepting agricultural non-point source pollution and filtering nutrient substances, pesticides, microorganisms, runoff silt and the like, grasslands are preferentially selected, and arbors and shrubs are used for assisting; the vegetation buffer zone aims at building the ecological habitat of the river, beautifying the landscape and preventing flood, and is comprehensively designed by preferentially selecting arbors and shrubs in combination with grasslands;
designing the width of the vegetation buffer belt of the riverside zone: designing the width of the vegetation buffer zone according to different construction requirements of the vegetation buffer zone of the riverside zone; wherein the width of a vegetation buffer zone for water quality protection is 5-30 m, the width of a vegetation buffer zone for bank slope protection is 10-20 m, the width of a vegetation buffer zone for constructing ecological habitat of river banks is 30-500 m, the width of a vegetation buffer zone for preventing erosion of river banks is 3-10 m, and the width of a vegetation buffer zone for flood control is preferably 20-150 m;
and after the riverside zone planting buffer zone is designed, field trimming, tree planting and nursery stock maintenance are carried out.
2. The method for constructing a vegetation buffer zone of a riverside zone for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, wherein a site finishing scheme is as follows: cleaning and soil preparation are carried out in spring and summer according to the block slicing cleaning and hole-shaped turning and shaping modes respectively; removing gravel when backfilling soil in the planting holes of the poplar, the peach tree and the willow, and respectively stacking and backfilling surface soil and bottom soil; the soil balls of the seedlings are tightly wrapped; the bare-rooted seedlings are planted to be root-corrected and comfortable, roots are buried in fine soil, the soil is covered in layers, compaction is carried out, and the surfaces of holes are concave.
3. The method for constructing a vegetation buffer zone of a riverside zone for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, wherein a tree planting scheme is as follows: the arbor layer is cultivated in a mode of mixed crossing between rows and mixed crossing between plants, the functional tree species adopt poplar, the landscape tree species adopt peach trees and willow trees, and the mixed crossing ratio is 2:1: 1; the planting points are arranged in a band shape, and the initial planting density is 600-800 clusters/hm 2 And from the second year of forestation, timely replanting according to the preservation rate, wherein the replanting proportion is 10 percent, and the replanting density is 60-80 clusters/hm 2 。
4. The method for constructing the riverside vegetation buffer zone for the non-point source pollution control as claimed in claim 3, wherein in order to ensure the survival rate of seedlings, soil ball plants are adopted for cultivation, and the requirement is that the fibrous roots are complete, the height of the seedlings is more than 300cm, and the ground diameter is 3-5 cm.
5. The method for constructing the vegetation buffer zone of the riverside zone for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, wherein the nursery stock maintenance scheme is as follows: carrying out artificial seedling planting in spring, watering enough root fixing water after planting, watering for 3 times/month within three months, ensuring water supply at the initial growth stage of the seedlings, and then properly adjusting according to the local rainfall condition and the soil moisture degree; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 0.4-0.5 t/hm 2 (ii) a Nurturing the nursery stock for three consecutive years from the current year of planting, mainly carrying out the nurturing by a knife and a nurse way,cutting off weed vines influencing the growth of the trees, and covering the weed vines around the planting holes so as to be beneficial to keeping moisture and preventing soil erosion; and (4) carrying out nursery stock tending for 1 time every year to 5 th year by adopting a cutter tending and hoe tending mode.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104532789A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 北京科技大学 | Construction method suitable for streamside plant structure in northern cold region |
| CN107548597A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-09 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | A kind of gentle slope type ecological riparian zone restorative procedure |
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- 2022-04-13 CN CN202210385956.2A patent/CN114885728A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104532789A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 北京科技大学 | Construction method suitable for streamside plant structure in northern cold region |
| CN107548597A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-09 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | A kind of gentle slope type ecological riparian zone restorative procedure |
| CN110896771A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-24 | 河北省水利科学研究院(河北省大坝安全管理中心) | Landscape type river bank buffer zone applied to North China and construction method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 诸葛亦斯等: ""生态河流缓冲带构建技术初探"", 《水资源与水工程学报》, vol. 17, no. 2, pages 64 - 67 * |
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