CN110896715A - Microbial fermentation composition, preparation method thereof and application of microbial fermentation composition in plant fertilizer - Google Patents
Microbial fermentation composition, preparation method thereof and application of microbial fermentation composition in plant fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896715A CN110896715A CN201910721748.3A CN201910721748A CN110896715A CN 110896715 A CN110896715 A CN 110896715A CN 201910721748 A CN201910721748 A CN 201910721748A CN 110896715 A CN110896715 A CN 110896715A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fermentation composition, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in plant fertilizers, wherein the preparation raw materials of the microbial fermentation composition comprise an organic raw material and bacterial powder, strains in the bacterial powder comprise main strains and auxiliary strains, the main strains are bacillus subtilis, and the auxiliary strains comprise at least one of bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes or photosynthetic bacteria; the microbial fermentation composition is prepared by fermenting the preparation raw materials; wherein the mass ratio of the main strain to the auxiliary strain is 1 (0.48-1.23). The fermentation composition can stably provide soil fertility, improve the soil structure, and achieve the effect of improving the soil after long-term application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a microbial fermentation composition, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in plant fertilizers.
Background
The fertilizer is a substance which provides one or more nutrient elements necessary for plants, improves the soil property and improves the soil fertility level, is one of the material bases of agricultural production, and can be generally divided into organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. Biofertilizers in the broad sense are generally biological agents produced by biotechnology and having a specific fertilizer effect on crops, the active ingredient of which may be a specific living organism, a metabolite of an organism or a transformation product of a substrate, etc., and such an organism may be either a microorganism or animal or plant tissue or cells. Due to the large amount of unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides, a large amount of non-renewable resources are consumed, the soil structure is damaged, the quality and the environment of agricultural products are polluted, and the healthy survival of human beings is influenced. With the vigorous development of green agriculture in China, biological fertilizers, especially microbial fertilizers, are more and more valued by people in agricultural production.
The microbial fertilizer is liquid live bacteria preparation containing specific beneficial microbes produced through fermentation technology or solid live bacteria preparation produced through adsorbing the bacteria liquid with sterile carrier. The traditional microbial fertilizer adopts single zymophyte fermentation, and the nutrient formed by the traditional fermentation is low, the effect is unstable and the comprehensive fertility is weak, so that the application effect is not good, and therefore, the improvement on the preparation process of the microbial fermentation fertilizer is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provided is a microbial fermentation composition which can improve the nutritional structure and has an effect on soil improvement.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is: provides a preparation method of the microbial fermentation composition.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is: provides the application of the microbial fermentation composition.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a microbial fermentation composition is prepared from organic raw materials and bacterial powder, wherein the bacterial strain in the bacterial powder consists of a main bacterial strain and an auxiliary bacterial strain, the main bacterial strain is bacillus subtilis, and the auxiliary bacterial strain comprises at least one of bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes or photosynthetic bacteria; the microbial fermentation composition is prepared by fermenting the preparation raw materials;
wherein the mass ratio of the main strain to the auxiliary strain is 1 (0.48-1.23).
Further, the effective viable count of the fermentation composition is (1.0-10.0) × 108CFU/ml。
Preferably, the pH value of the fermentation composition is 3.0-5.5.
Further, the organic raw material includes a carbon source and a carbon nitrogen source.
Preferably, the carbon source comprises at least one of molasses or brown sugar.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen source comprises at least one of soybean meal, fish meal, corn gluten meal or rice gluten meal.
Further, the raw materials for preparation further comprise additives, and the additives comprise at least one of mineral powder, pine polyphenol essence, vitamins or Chinese herbal medicine extract.
Preferably, if the additive comprises mineral powder, vitamins and Chinese herbal medicine extract, the mass ratio of the mineral powder, the vitamins and the Chinese herbal medicine extract is (3-6):1 (8-15).
Preferably, the mineral powder contains at least one of calcium, strontium, magnesium, zinc or boron.
More preferably, the mineral powder may further contain at least one of aluminum, iron, manganese, or copper.
Preferably, the vitamin is a multivitamin; the compound vitamin comprises at least one of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin B60, vitamin B12, nicotinamide or calcium pantothenate.
Further, the Chinese herbal medicine comprises at least one of pyrethrum, radix sophorae flavescentis, radix stemonae, cyrtomium rhizome, rangooncreeper fruit or divaricate saposhnikovia root.
Further, the preparation raw materials comprise organic raw materials, additives and bacterial powder, the organic raw materials comprise molasses, fish meal and soybean meal, and the mass ratio of the molasses, the fish meal, the soybean meal, the additives and the bacterial powder is as follows: (32-37): (26-32): (26-32): (1.2-5): (0.2-2); preferably, the mass ratio of the molasses, the fish meal, the soybean meal, the additive and the bacterial powder is 37: 30: 30: 1.6: 0.5; more preferably, the additive comprises mineral powder, vitamins and Chinese herbal medicine extracts, wherein the mass ratio of the mineral powder to the vitamins to the Chinese herbal medicine extracts is 5:1: 10; more preferably, the additive also comprises pine polyphenol essence.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scheme of the invention, the composite bacteria are fermented, so that the fermentation effect is better, and the viable count content of the prepared fermented composition is 108Above CFU/ml, the fermentation composition of the scheme of the invention can stably provide soil fertility, improve the soil structure and achieve the effect of improving the soil after long-term application; in addition, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is added, so that the effects of deinsectization and disease prevention can be achieved, the application of pesticides is reduced, and the field management cost is reduced.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the preparation method of the microbial fermentation composition comprises the following steps:
adding 4.5-7 times of water by mass into the organic raw material, then adding the bacterial powder, uniformly stirring, ventilating and fermenting for 1-2 days, and sealing and fermenting for 7-21 days to obtain the microbial fermentation composition.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes: a biological fermentation liquid fertilizer contains the microbial fermentation composition in preparation raw materials.
Further, the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer is prepared by diluting the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer; preferably, the dilution factor is (100-500) times.
Further, the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer is prepared by further fermenting the microbial fermentation composition.
Further, the further fermentation operation is: and mixing the microbial fermentation composition with a fermentation raw material and water, and fermenting under a sealed condition.
Further, the fermentation raw materials comprise excrement and crop wastes; preferably, the crop waste comprises at least one of straw, rice straw or edible fungus dregs; preferably, the manure comprises at least one of chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure or horse manure.
Further, the mass ratio of the excrement to the crop waste is (65-75) to (25-35).
Further, during the further fermentation operation, the mass ratio of the microbial fermentation composition to the mixture of the fermentation raw material and the water is as follows: 1:(150-500):(300-900).
Further, in the further fermentation operation process, the fermentation time is 10-20 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a fermentation composition prepared by a composite bacteria fermentation process as a main preparation raw material of a fertilizer, and the fermentation composition can stably provide soil fertility, improve the soil structure and play a role in improving the soil after being applied for a long time, so the fermentation composition has a good application prospect after being prepared into the fertilizer.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention further includes: the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer is applied to crop planting.
Further, the crops include food crops and cash crops.
Preferably, the food crop comprises a cereal crop; more preferably, the cereal crop is rice.
Preferably, the commercial crops comprise fruits and vegetables; more preferably, the fruits and vegetables comprise grapes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilizer prepared by the scheme of the invention is applied to planting of fruit and vegetable seeds, so that the nutritive value of the fruit and vegetable can be improved, the taste and flavor of the fruit and vegetable can be improved, the yield can be increased, the commercial application prospect is good, particularly, the fertilizer obtained by direct dilution and further fermentation is combined for use, the two fertilizers can better exert the synergistic effect, the long-term effectiveness of microorganisms in the whole plant growth period can be ensured, the plant nutrition absorption efficiency is integrally improved, the nutritional structure of agricultural products is improved, the flavor is improved, the plant growth is promoted, and meanwhile, a certain effect can be achieved on the improvement of soil after long-term application.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The first embodiment of the invention is as follows: a microbial fermentation composition is prepared from organic raw materials, additives and bacterial powder, specifically molasses, fish meal, soybean meal, mineral powder (containing calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron mineral salts), vitamins, pine polyphenol essence, pyrethrum extract, radix Sophorae Flavescentis extract, radix Stemonae extract, rhizoma Osmundae extract, fructus quisqualis extract, radix Saposhnikoviae extract and bacterial powder (Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus licheniformis: 1).
Prepared by the following steps:
185kg of molasses, 150kg of fish meal and 150kg of soybean meal are weighed, evenly mixed, added with 2kg of mineral powder, 0.5kg of pine polyphenol essence, 0.5kg of vitamin, 1kg of Chinese herbal medicine extracts (in particular 1kg of pyrethrum extract, sophora flavescens extract, stemona root extract, cyrtomium rhizome extract, rangooncreeper fruit extract and divaricate saposhnikovia root extract respectively) and 1kg of bacterial powder (bacillus subtilis: 1), added with 5.5 times of water, fermented under stirring, aerated for 48h, then the fermentation tank is sealed, fermented for 6 days, and fermented for 8 days in total to prepare the fermented composition.
The second embodiment of the invention is as follows: a biological fermentation broth fertilizer, which contains the fermentation composition prepared in example 1 as a raw material.
Biological fermentation broth fertilizers I and II were prepared from fermentation compositions and water at a ratio of 1:500 and 1: 100.
The biological fermentation liquid fertilizer III is obtained by further fermenting a fermentation composition, and specifically comprises the following steps of mixing the fermentation composition, a fermentation raw material and water according to a ratio of 1: 500: 750 proportion, sealing and fermenting for 10 days to obtain a crude fertilizer; and (3) putting the crude fertilizer into a granulator for granulation to obtain the fertilizer, wherein the fermentation raw materials are chicken manure and crop waste (rice straw mixture) in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the crop waste contains 1% of rice bran.
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows: the application of a biological fermentation liquid fertilizer in grape planting:
firstly, a test base: in an Sha grape garden in Changsha county, the row spacing is 2.5 meters, the plant spacing is 1.2-1.5 meters, 170-250 plants are planted per mu, and 17-21 plants are planted per row.
II, required plant materials: after the test variety is selected, 1 line is reserved for each treatment, and 3 lines are required in the test, wherein the numbers are A, B and C.
Thirdly, fertilizing arrangement:
1. fruit picking fertilizer: immediately applying the grapes after harvesting; in this case, test site a was not applied, and test sites B and C were applied with biofermentation liquid fertilizers I and II prepared in example 2, respectively.
2. Base fertilizer: mostly in the last 10 months or middle ten days (this embodiment is implemented in the last 10 months), and after the application of the fruit fertilizer, the application is performed again; wherein, the test site A is applied with fertilizer according to the traditional mode of the base, the test sites B and C are applied with biological fermentation liquid fertilizer III (wherein the water content is about 50 percent) prepared in the example 2, and the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the method is generally applied by ditching, and ditching at a distance of 50cm from the root system is most suitable.
3. Accelerating germination fertilizer: 10 days before germination, this example was applied at the end of 2 months; wherein, the test site A is applied with fertilizer according to the traditional mode of the base, and the test sites B and C are sequentially applied with the biological fermentation liquid fertilizers I and II prepared in the example 2, and ditch application or hole application is adopted.
4. Fertilizing before flowering: pre-anthesis application, this example was applied at the end of 4 months; wherein, the test site A is applied with fertilizer according to the traditional mode of the base, and the test sites B and C are sequentially applied with the biological fermentation liquid fertilizers I and II prepared in the example 2, and ditch application or hole application is adopted.
5. Fruit strengthening fertilizer: this example was applied in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, 1 time every 15 days, for a total of 2 times; wherein, the test site A is applied with fertilizer according to the traditional mode of the base, and the test sites B and C are sequentially applied with the biological fermentation liquid fertilizers I and II prepared in the example 2, and ditch application or hole application is adopted.
6. Ripening and fertilizing: in order to promote the early ripening and good coloring of the fruits, the branches are full. The method is carried out in two times. For the first time, the medicine is applied about 30 days before maturation; the second time is when the grape fruit begins to soften but is not yet colored; wherein, the test site A is applied with fertilizer according to the traditional mode of the base, and the test sites B and C are sequentially applied with the biological fermentation liquid fertilizers I and II prepared in the example 2, and ditch application or hole application is adopted.
Fourthly, detecting items:
1. fruit quality: and (3) determining the content of water-soluble sugar, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid and VC in the grapes and the weight percentage content of soluble solids.
2. Fruit characteristics: and (4) measuring the single ear weight, the fruit shape index and the fruit specific gravity of the grape.
Fifthly, detection results are as follows:
1. fruit quality and fruit characteristics: the test results of the water-soluble sugar, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, VC content, the mass percentage of soluble solid, the single ear weight, the fruit shape index and the fruit specific gravity are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 fruit quality and fruit Properties results obtained in inventive example 3
As can be seen from the above table 1, the water-soluble sugar content of the grapes planted by applying the fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is increased, so that the sweetness of the grapes is increased, and the taste is better; the tartaric acid content is reduced, so that a branch for synthesizing the ascorbic acid is provided, and the content of the vitamin C is increased; malic acid is a precursor of oxaloacetate, which is a citric acid precursor, the malic acid in the grapes adopting the scheme of the invention is reduced, which indicates that the branch path is increased, the nutrient substance is accumulated, the citric acid is increased, which indicates that the catabolism of oxaloacetate is accelerated, in the food industry, the organic acid mainly having nutritive value is lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid and the like, and the application of the fertilizer of the scheme of the invention improves the food nutritive value of agricultural products; relevant researches show that in the food industry, the flavor is enhanced by compounding citric acid and tartaric acid at a ratio close to 1:3, and the grape planted by applying the fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention has better flavor due to the fact that the citric acid content is increased and the tartaric acid content is reduced; the water-soluble sugar rises to indicate vigorous metabolism, the spike weight rises to indicate vigorous absorption, and the technical scheme is integrally indicated to improve the nutrient utilization rate and achieve the effect of increasing the yield.
Similarly, the fertilizer provided by the invention has similar effects when applied to the planting process of other economic crops such as fruits and vegetables.
The fertilizer in the scheme of the embodiment of the invention is applied to grain crops such as rice and the like, so that an obvious effect is achieved; in the rice planting process, the yield per mu of rice can be increased by 48-57%.
In conclusion, the agricultural products applying the fertilizer of the scheme of the invention have high nutritive value, good taste and flavor and higher yield.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microbial fermentation composition is prepared from organic raw materials and bacterial powder, and is characterized in that: the strain in the strain powder consists of a main strain and an auxiliary strain, wherein the main strain is bacillus subtilis, and the auxiliary strain comprises at least one of bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes or photosynthetic bacteria; the microbial fermentation composition is prepared by fermenting the preparation raw materials;
wherein the mass ratio of the main strain to the auxiliary strain is 1 (0.48-1.23).
2. The microbial fermentation composition of claim 1, wherein: the effective viable count of the fermentation composition is (1.0-10.0) × 108CFU/ml。
3. The microbial fermentation composition of claim 1, wherein: the raw materials also comprise additives, and the additives comprise at least one of mineral powder, pine polyphenol essence, vitamins or Chinese herbal medicine extract.
4. The microbial fermentation composition of claim 3, wherein: if the additive comprises mineral powder, vitamins and Chinese herbal medicine extracts, the mass ratio of the mineral powder to the vitamins to the Chinese herbal medicine extracts is (3-6) to 1 (8-15).
5. The microbial fermentation composition of claim 4, wherein: the Chinese herbal medicine comprises at least one of pyrethrum, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, radix Stemonae, rhizoma Osmundae, fructus quisqualis or radix Saposhnikoviae.
6. The microbial fermentation composition of claim 4, wherein: the preparation raw materials comprise organic raw materials, additives and bacterial powder, the organic raw materials comprise molasses, fish meal and soybean meal, and the mass ratio of the molasses, the fish meal, the soybean meal, the additives and the bacterial powder is as follows: (32-37): (26-32): (26-32): (1.2-5): (0.2-2); preferably, the mass ratio of the molasses, the fish meal, the soybean meal, the additive and the bacterial powder is 37: 30: 30: 1.6: 0.5; more preferably, the additive comprises mineral powder, vitamins and Chinese herbal medicine extract, and the mass ratio of the mineral powder to the vitamins to the Chinese herbal medicine extract is 5:1: 10.
7. A method of preparing a microbial fermentation composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
adding 4.5-7 times of water by mass into the organic raw material, then adding the bacterial powder, uniformly stirring, ventilating and fermenting for 1-2 days, and sealing and fermenting for 7-21 days to obtain the microbial fermentation composition.
8. A biological fermentation liquid fertilizer is characterized in that: the raw material for preparing the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer contains the microbial fermentation composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. The biological fermentation broth fertilizer of claim 8, wherein: the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer is prepared by diluting or further fermenting the biological fermentation liquid fertilizer.
10. Use of the biofermentation broth fertilizer of claim 8 for crop cultivation.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111689812A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-09-22 | 河北苏同兴盛新能源科技有限公司 | Plant fermentation extract for improving potato planting and preparation method thereof |
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