CN110881352A

CN110881352A - Soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for orchard

Info

Publication number: CN110881352A
Application number: CN201911190379.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林旗华; 张泽煌; 钟秋珍
Original assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-11-28
Filing date: 2019-11-28
Publication date: 2020-03-17

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil-conserving and fertilizer-saving planting method for an orchard, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting shallow-rooted grass on the soil surface of the orchard garden; (2) providing water and fertilizer for fruit trees by using a deep-buried drip irrigation device; the deep-buried drip irrigation device comprises a main pipeline and a dripper device inserted into soil, wherein the dripper device is connected with the main pipeline through a hose and comprises a hollow tubular dripper body, the depth of the dripper body inserted into the soil is 20-60 cm, the lower end of the dripper body is provided with a conical tip part with a large upper part and a small lower part, the upper part of the dripper body is provided with a conical section with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the peripheral wall of a first straight pipe section positioned between the conical section and the conical tip part on the dripper body is provided with a water outlet hole; (3) when clearing the garden in winter, the dripper device is pulled up, and after weeding is deeply turned over and organic fertilizer is applied, the dripper device and the like are rearranged. Shallow root grass is planted in the orchard, microclimate of the orchard is improved, water and fertilizer can be directly sent to the root area of the fruit tree, and the using amount of the fertilizer is saved.

Description

Soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for orchard

Technical Field

The invention relates to a soil-conserving and fertilizer-saving planting method for an orchard.

Background

At present, the orchard is mainly treated by adopting a herbicide or artificial weeding mode, the herbicide weeding easily causes adverse effects such as soil hardening, the artificial weeding cost is huge, and the planting cost is easily greatly improved; meanwhile, the inorganic fertilizer is applied to the orchard mainly in two ways, the first way is to spray and scatter the inorganic fertilizer on the ground, the fertilizer is directly placed on the soil surface by adopting broadcasting or soil surface drip irrigation, but because the competition relationship exists between weeds on the soil surface and fruit trees, a great part of fertilizer nutrients in the water fertilizer are absorbed by the weeds on the soil surface, the waste amount of the fertilizer is increased, and in order to ensure that the fruit trees can obtain enough fertilizer nutrients, the using amount of the fertilizer is increased, so that the planting cost is increased; the second is buried pipe drip irrigation, but the existing buried pipe or water dropper device is easily blocked by soil, so that the use efficiency is reduced, and the utilization rate is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for an orchard, which can significantly improve the ecological environment of orchard soil, save water and fertilizer, save planting cost, and significantly improve planting efficiency.

The invention is realized by adopting the following scheme: a soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for an orchard comprises the following steps: (1) planting shallow-rooted grass on the soil surface of the orchard garden; (2) providing water and fertilizer for fruit trees by using a deep-buried drip irrigation device; the deep-buried drip irrigation device comprises a main pipeline and a dripper device inserted into soil, wherein the dripper device is connected with the main pipeline through a hose and comprises a hollow tubular dripper body, the depth of the dripper body inserted into the soil is 20-60 cm, the lower end of the dripper body is provided with a conical tip with a large upper part and a small lower part, the upper part of the dripper body is provided with a conical section with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the peripheral wall of a first straight pipe section positioned between the conical section and the conical tip on the dripper body is provided with a water outlet; (3) when clearing the garden in winter, the dripper device is pulled up, and after weeding is deeply turned over and organic fertilizer is applied, the dripper device and the like are rearranged.

Furthermore, the diameter of the first straight pipe section is smaller than the diameters of the lower end of the conical section and the upper end of the conical tip portion, a water permeable film located on the periphery of the first straight pipe section is connected between the conical section of the dripper body and the conical tip portion, and fillers are filled between the water permeable film and the first straight pipe section.

Further, the length of the dripper body is 25-65 cm.

Furthermore, the upper end of the dripper body is provided with a second straight pipe section connected with the small end of the conical section, the upper end of the dripper body is provided with a blockage detection device, the blockage detection device comprises an indicating pipe which is connected to the second straight pipe section in a side-by-side mode and communicated with the second straight pipe section and used for indicating the internal water pressure of the dripper body, the upper end of the indicating pipe is closed, a piston which can slide up and down relative to the indicating pipe is arranged in the indicating pipe, and scales are arranged on the side face of the indicating pipe.

Further, still include the plug device that is used for pulling out the plug water dropper device, the plug device is including the body that can overcoat on water dropper body second straight tube section, body upper end fixedly connected with handle, water dropper body upper end symmetry is provided with a pair of lug, the body lower extreme is seted up a pair of L shape draw-in groove with lug joint complex.

Further, in the step (3), the dripper device is pulled out and cleaned when deep ploughing is carried out during weeding; and (3) arranging 2-8 dripper devices near the water dripping line of the crown of each fruit tree in the step (2), and adjusting the positions and the number of the dripper devices according to the requirements of the fruit trees at different growth and development stages.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for the orchard, shallow-rooted grasses are planted in the orchard, meanwhile, weeding and deep ploughing are carried out in winter, the content of organic matters in soil is improved, the ecological condition of the orchard is further improved, water and fertilizer are provided for fruit trees by utilizing the deep-buried drip irrigation device, the water dropper device of the drip irrigation device is buried deeply, the water and fertilizer can be directly sent to the root area of the fruit trees, and blockage is not easy to occur; can efficiently improve the soil texture, reduce the competitive relationship between the orchard weeds and the fruit trees to the fertilizer, reduce the waste of the fertilizer, save the using amount of the fertilizer and improve the economic benefit.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a deep soil type drip irrigation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of a dripper unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the plugging device and the dripper unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view taken along direction K in FIG. 3;

the reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 100-main pipe, 200-dripper device, 210-dripper body, 211-first straight pipe section, 212-conical tip, 213-conical section, 214-water outlet, 215-lug, 216-permeable film, 217-filler, 218-indicator pipe, 219-piston, 300-hose, 400-plug device, 410-pipe body, 420-handle and 430-L-shaped clamping groove.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for an orchard comprises the following steps: (1) planting shallow-rooted grass on the soil surface of the orchard garden; (2) providing water and fertilizer for fruit trees by using a deep-buried drip irrigation device; the deep-buried drip irrigation device comprises a main pipeline 100 and a dripper device 200 inserted into soil, wherein the dripper device 200 is connected with the main pipeline 100 through a hose 300, the dripper device 200 comprises a hollow tubular dripper body 210, the depth of the dripper body 210 inserted into the soil is 20-60 cm, the lower end of the dripper body 200 is provided with a conical tip 212 with a large upper part and a small lower part, the upper part of the dripper body 200 is provided with a conical section 213 with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the peripheral wall of a first straight pipe section 211 positioned between the conical section 213 and the conical tip 212 on the dripper body 200 is provided with a water outlet 214; (3) when clearing the garden in winter, the dripper device is pulled up, and after weeding is deeply turned over and organic fertilizer is applied, the dripper device and the like are rearranged. The application utilizes the deep-buried drip irrigation device to provide water and fertilizer for the fruit trees, the water dropper device of the drip irrigation device is buried deeply and is not easy to block, the detection is simple and convenient, the water and fertilizer can be directly sent to the root area of the fruit trees, the soil texture can be improved efficiently, the surface layer grass planting and the lower layer fertilization are reasonably separated, and the effects of saving fertilizer, improving efficiency and improving the soil texture are obvious; the competition relation between the weeds in the orchard and the fruit trees to the fertilizer is reduced, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, the using amount of the fertilizer is saved, and the economic benefit is improved.

The shallow root grass, such as white clover, paspalum natatum, corolla etc. is planted in the orchard, thus the contradiction of competing for rich water with fruit trees is not caused, meanwhile, the soil barrenness caused by water and soil loss can be prevented, the soil hardening is avoided, and the microclimate of the orchard is improved.

In this embodiment, the diameter of the first straight pipe section 211 is smaller than the diameters of the lower end of the tapered section 213 and the upper end of the tapered tip 212, a water permeable film 216 located at the periphery of the first straight pipe section is connected between the tapered section and the tapered tip of the dripper body 200, and a filler 217 is filled between the water permeable film and the first straight pipe section, wherein the filler may be ceramic particles, plant fiber particles or chemical fiber particles, and can effectively isolate the water outlet from soil, and prevent the water outlet from being blocked.

The conical tip and the conical section of the dripper body form a spindle-shaped structure, so that the dripper body is more labor-saving and easy to operate when being inserted into soil or pulled out of the soil.

In this embodiment, the length of the dripper body 210 is 25-65 cm, and after the dripper device is inserted into soil, the length of the upper end of the dripper body approximately exposed to the soil surface by about 5cm is used for connecting with a hose and a plugging device for plugging the dripper device.

In this embodiment, the dripper body upper end has the second straight tube section that links to each other with the toper section tip, and after the dripper device inserted soil, the second straight tube section of dripper body exposes soil surface, and second pipeline section upper end is provided with the socket that is used for pegging graft the hose, also have the socket interface that is used for pegging graft the hose on the trunk line.

In this embodiment, the upper end of the dropper body is provided with a blockage detection device, the blockage detection device comprises an indication pipe 218 which is connected to the second straight pipe section and is communicated with the second straight pipe section for indicating the water pressure in the dropper body, the distance between the position of the indication pipe and the lug 215 ensures that the indication pipe does not touch the plugging device, the upper end of the indication pipe is closed, a piston 219 which can slide up and down relative to the indication pipe is arranged in the indication pipe, scales are arranged on the side surface of the indication pipe, the piston can slide up and down in the indication pipe by using the water pressure in the dropper body, when the water pressure is increased, the piston can move up, when the water pressure is decreased, the piston can move down, therefore, the water pressure in the dropper body can be roughly predicted by matching the scales on the indication pipe through the position of the piston on the indication pipe, and the blockage condition of the water outlet hole on the dropper body can be further, there are roughly four cases: 1. when the water is not supplied to the dripper body, the water pressure is 0, and the piston is at the lowest position; 2. when the water dropper body is filled with water, the piston floats upwards to a certain height and is still at a low position, which indicates that the water outlet hole works normally; 3. when the water dropper body is filled with water, the piston floats upwards to the middle position, which shows that the water outlet hole is partially blocked; 4. when the water dropper body is filled with water, the piston floats to a high position, which indicates that the water outlet hole is seriously blocked.

In this embodiment, a plug device 400 for plugging the dripper device 200 is further included, the plug device includes a pipe 410 that can be sleeved on the second straight pipe section of the dripper body, a handle 420 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pipe, the upper end part of the dripper body is symmetrically provided with a pair of convex blocks 215, the lower end of the pipe body is provided with a pair of L-shaped clamping grooves 430 which are in clamping fit with the convex blocks, the inner diameter of the pipe body is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the second straight pipe section of the dripper body, the second straight pipe section of the dripper body is inserted into the pipe body of the pulling and inserting device, the convex blocks on the dripper body slide to the bottom along the vertical grooves of the L-shaped clamping grooves, then the handle is rotated, the lug of the dripper body is clamped into the transverse groove of the L-shaped clamping groove, the dripper device can be inserted into soil by pressing the handle, the dripper device can be pulled out of the soil by pulling up the handle, and the dripper device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and easy operation.

In this embodiment, in step (3), the dripper unit is pulled out and cleaned when the weed is turned over deeply.

In the present embodiment; and (3) arranging 2-8 dripper devices near the water dripping line of the crown of each fruit tree in the step (2), and adjusting the positions and the number of the dripper devices according to the requirements of the fruit trees at different growth and development stages.

Any embodiment disclosed herein above is meant to disclose, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical ranges disclosed as being preferred, and any person skilled in the art would understand that: the preferred ranges are merely those values which are obvious or representative of the technical effect which can be achieved. Since the numerical values are too numerous to be exhaustive, some of the numerical values are disclosed in the present invention to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned numerical values should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

If the invention discloses or relates to parts or structures which are fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts can be understood as follows, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).

In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated.

Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.

Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for an orchard is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: (1) planting shallow-rooted grass on the soil surface of the orchard garden; (2) providing water and fertilizer for fruit trees by using a deep-buried drip irrigation device; the deep-buried drip irrigation device comprises a main pipeline and a dripper device inserted into soil, wherein the dripper device is connected with the main pipeline through a hose and comprises a hollow tubular dripper body, the depth of the dripper body inserted into the soil is 20-60 cm, the lower end of the dripper body is provided with a conical tip with a large upper part and a small lower part, the upper part of the dripper body is provided with a conical section with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the peripheral wall of a first straight pipe section positioned between the conical section and the conical tip on the dripper body is provided with a water outlet; (3) when clearing the garden in winter, the dripper device is pulled up, and after weeding is deeply turned over and organic fertilizer is applied, the dripper device and the like are rearranged.

2. The soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for the orchard according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the first straight pipe section is smaller than the diameters of the lower end of the conical section and the upper end of the conical tip portion, a water permeable film located on the periphery of the first straight pipe section is connected between the conical section of the dripper body and the conical tip portion, and fillers are filled between the water permeable film and the first straight pipe section.

3. The soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for the orchard according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the dripper body is 25-65 cm.

4. The soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for orchards according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the water dropper comprises a dropper body and is characterized in that the upper end of the dropper body is provided with a second straight pipe section connected with the small end of the conical section, a blockage detection device is arranged at the upper end of the dropper body and comprises an indicating pipe which is connected to the second straight pipe section in a side-by-side mode and communicated with the second straight pipe section and used for indicating the water pressure in the dropper body, the upper end of the indicating pipe is closed, a piston which can slide up and down relative to the indicating pipe is arranged in the indicating pipe, and scales are arranged on the side face of the.

5. The soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for orchards according to claim 4, wherein: still include the plug device for pulling out and insert the water dropper device, the plug device includes the body that can overcoat on water dropper body second straight tube section, body upper end fixedly connected with handle, water dropper body upper end symmetry is provided with a pair of lug, the body lower extreme is seted up a pair of L shape draw-in groove with lug joint complex.

6. The soil-conserving fertilizer-saving planting method for the orchard according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the dripper device is pulled out and cleaned when deep ploughing is carried out during weeding; and (3) arranging 2-8 dripper devices near the water dripping line of the crown of each fruit tree in the step (2), and adjusting the positions and the number of the dripper devices according to the requirements of the fruit trees at different growth and development stages.