CN110867534A - 一种铝塑复合膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝塑复合膜。本发明的铝塑复合膜由外到内依次包括保护层、铝箔层、热封层,其特征在于,所述铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg 1~5%、Fe 0.5~5%、余量为Al。本发明具有耐腐蚀性能高、成型性好等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于软包锂电池用复合膜技术领域,特别是涉及一种铝塑复合膜。
背景技术
软包锂离子电池已被广泛利用与电子产品,随着新能源汽车产业的迅速发展,市场进一步扩大,软包锂离子电池在能量密度方面具有明显的优势。
目前市场上的软包锂离子电池封装所采用的铝塑复合膜,其主流结构一般为外层保护层(尼龙或聚酯薄膜)+铝箔层(单面或双面进行防腐处理)+内层热封层(一般为聚烯烃系材料),其大致结构如图1,包括外层保护层1,、外层胶水层2、外防腐蚀层3、铝箔4、内防腐蚀层5、内层胶水层6、内层热封层7。成型性能与耐腐蚀性能是软包铝塑复合膜的最重要性能,为确保这两项性能均能达到使用要求,一般采用调整各组成层的性能以及各层间的匹配来实现。现有的铝塑复合膜中铝箔与外层保护层对铝塑复合膜的成型性能具有较大影响,铝箔、内层防腐蚀层、内层粘结层、内层热封层等均对耐腐蚀性(长期耐久性)有较大影响。其中,铝箔尤为重要,其性能直接影响各项重要性能。
现有技术中因重视产品阻隔性能与成形性能,一般采用Fe添加较多的8000系铝箔。现有技术中主要通过在铝箔的至少一面设置防腐蚀层来提高铝箔的防腐蚀性能,防腐蚀层包括但不限于以下种类:
a)阳极氧化
b)化成处理
c)Ni、Cr等镀层处理
d)涂布型防腐层
各种防腐处理方法可择一或多种方法并用。
然而,即使有上述防腐处理层的保护,在锂离子电池的长期使用中,铝箔还是会受到腐蚀,从而降低电池的长期耐久性。
在锂离子电池被逐步在车载动力电池中扩大应用的当下,提高软包铝塑膜的长期耐久性能已是当务之急。本发明开发了一种铝塑复合膜,其通过调整铝塑复合膜中所使用铝箔的化学成分,能够同时提高成型性能与耐腐蚀性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铝塑复合膜。本发明具有耐腐蚀性能高、成型性好等优点。
为了达到上述的目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:
一种铝塑复合膜,所述铝塑复合膜由外到内依次包括保护层、铝箔层、热封层,其特征在于,所述铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg 1~5%、Fe 0.5~5%、余量为Al。
进一步地,所述铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg 2.1~2.8%、Fe0.5~1.8%、余量为Al。
本发明限制铝箔层中的铁含量在0.5-5%范围内,铁含量高于该范围会降低铝箔的耐腐蚀性能,使铝箔容易受到酸、碱的腐蚀;但是铁含量低于该范围又会造成铝箔层脆化,最终形成孔洞。
本发明限制铝箔层中的Mg含量在1-5%范围内,Mg含量高于该范围会降低铝箔的延伸性能,进而影响铝塑膜的冲深成型性能;Mg含量低于该范围又会造成铝箔本身防腐性能低下,降低铝塑膜的长期耐久性。
进一步地,所述铝箔层中还包含质量百分含量小于0.1%的Mn和小于0.1的Cu。
进一步地,所述保护层选自PA(聚酰胺)、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)中的一种或两种。
进一步地,所述保护层的厚度为10-15μm。
进一步地,所述铝箔层进一步进行防腐处理,在铝箔层两侧形成防腐层。
进一步地,所述防腐处理包括阳极氧化、化成处理、镀层处理或涂布防腐层中的一种。
进一步地,所述防腐层的厚度为30-100nm。
进一步地,所述铝塑复合膜还包括胶水层。
进一步地,所述胶水层选自聚氨酯类胶粘剂、环氧树脂类胶粘剂中的一种或两种。
进一步地,所述胶水层的厚度为3-5μm。
进一步地,所述铝塑复合膜由外到内依次为保护层、胶水层、铝箔层、胶水层和热封层。
进一步地,所述热封层选自聚脂层或聚丙烯层中的一种。
现有技术中通常采用的铝箔在长期耐腐蚀性和成型性的平衡上存在欠缺。本发明通过使用上述特殊成分的铝箔,能够显著提高铝塑膜的耐腐蚀性、长期耐久性,同时还能够有效提高铝塑膜的成型性能。
附图说明
图1现有技术铝塑复合膜的一般结构;
1外层保护层、2外层胶水层、3外防腐蚀层、4铝箔、5内防腐蚀层、6内层胶水层、7内层热封层。
图2实施例1经耐腐蚀性能测试后铝箔表面图。
图3比较例1经耐腐蚀性能测试后铝箔表面图。
图4比较例2经耐腐蚀性能测试后铝箔表面图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
除非另作定义,本公开所使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。
一种铝塑复合膜,所述铝塑复合膜由外到内依次包括保护层、铝箔层、热封层,其特征在于,所述铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg 1~5%、Fe 0.5~5%、余量为Al。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中,铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg2.1~2.8%、Fe 0.5~1.8%、余量为Al。铁含量高于该范围会降低铝箔的耐腐蚀性能,使铝箔容易受到酸、碱的腐蚀;铁含量低于该范围又会造成铝箔层脆化,最终形成孔洞。Mg含量高于该范围会降低铝箔的延伸性能,进而影响铝塑膜的冲深成型性能;Mg含量低于该范围又会造成铝箔本身防腐性能低下,降低铝塑膜的长期耐久性。
在本发明的一些优选实施例中,所述保护层选自PA(聚酰胺)、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)中的一种或两种;所述保护层的厚度为10-15μm。保护层的作用可以保护铝箔层不容易被刮伤,提高铝塑膜的耐腐蚀性能,保护其不受电解液或其他外部物质的腐蚀。
本发明的一些优选实施例中,铝箔层进一步进行防腐处理,在铝箔层两侧形成防腐层。防腐处理包括阳极氧化、化成处理、镀层处理或涂布防腐层中的一种,所述防腐层的厚度为30-100nm。防腐层能够有效地防止铝箔层的腐蚀。
本发明的一些优选实施例中,所述铝塑复合膜还包括胶水层,所述胶水层选自聚氨酯类胶粘剂、环氧树脂类胶粘剂中的一种或两种以上,所述胶水层的厚度为3-5μm。胶水层除了具有良好的粘结性能,同时也能在一定程度上提高铝塑复合膜的耐腐蚀性能。
本发明的一些优选实施例中,所述铝塑复合膜还包括热封层,所述热封层选自聚脂层(PET)或聚丙烯层(PP)中的一种。
本发明实施方式中铝塑复合膜的制备方法如下:
1.将上述合金成分通过熔融、铸块、热轧、冷轧、箔轧、退火等工序制成厚度40μm的铝箔;
2.将上述铝箔与外购的尼龙(NY)膜(15μm)、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜(12μm)通过涂胶(ADH)、贴合等工序复合;
3.将上述复合好的PET/NY/Al与预先共挤成型的PPA(改性聚烯烃)(20μm)/PP(聚丙烯)(60μm)膜通过热贴合、热处理等工序复合。
实施例1:
一种铝塑复合膜,其层结构如下:
PET/ADH/NY/ADH/Al/PPA/PP,各层的厚度分别为12μm、3μm、15μm、3μm、40μm、20μm、60μm。
该铝塑复合膜中,铝箔层的化学成分为Mg:2.1-2.8%,Fe:0.9%,Cu<0.1,Mn<0.1,余量为铝。
比较例1:
一种铝塑复合膜,其层结构如下:
PET/ADH/NY/ADH/Al/PPA/PP,各层的厚度分别为12μm、3μm、15μm、3μm、40μm、40μm、40μm。
该铝塑复合膜中,铝箔层的化学成分为Fe:1.2-1.7%,Cu<0.05,余量为铝。
比较例2:
一种铝塑复合膜,其层结构如下:
PET/ADH/NY/ADH/Al/PPA/PP,各层的厚度分别为12μm、3μm、15μm、3μm、40μm、20μm、60μm。
该铝塑复合膜中,铝箔层的化学成分为Mg:2.1-2.8%,Fe:0.35%,Cu<0.1,Mn<0.1,余量为铝。
将上述实施例1、比较例1和比较例2中的铝箔进行耐腐蚀性和成型性评估,耐腐蚀性检测铝箔表面图如图2-4所示,耐腐蚀性和成型性结果列于表1中,具体评估方法如下:
【耐腐蚀性】
(1)铝箔试样切成15×45mm长条,在下部暴露出φ10mm的空隙,其他部位用胶带封住;
(2)用上述铝箔试样作工作极,Li金属作对极,插入电解液(EC/DEC/DMC=1/1/1,LiPF6:1M)
(3)在工作极与对极间加0.3V直流电压,持续3h。观察铝箔表面变化并测定流过的总电量。
【成型性】
将铝塑膜分别裁切成200mm(MD方向)×120mm(TD方向)的样品。样品于25℃环境下进行冲深成型。成型模具参数如下:
冲深口径:70mm(MD)×80mm(TD),
角部及边部圆角半径:R=1mm,
表面粗度:3.2s(角部:1.6s),
阳模与阴模间隙:0.5mm;
使用0.25MPa的冲深面压,冲深深度从2mm开始,冲深10个样品均未产生针孔时,增加0.5mm进行冲深,直到产生针孔时停止。
表1实施例1和比较例1-2耐腐蚀性和成型性评价结果
由图2可以看出,经过耐腐蚀检测,实施例1的铝箔表面结构完整,未出现明显的腐蚀坑;而图3和图4中,比较例1和比较例2的铝箔则出现了明显的被腐蚀的迹象;结合和表1的结果可以看出,本发明在保持良好成型性的同时能有效提高铝箔防腐性能,从而提高最终产品的长期耐久性。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种铝塑复合膜,所述铝塑复合膜由外到内依次包括保护层、铝箔层、热封层,其特征在于,所述铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg 1~5%、Fe 0.5~5%、余量为Al。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述铝箔层按照质量百分含量包括如下化学成分:Mg 2.1~2.8%、Fe 0.5~1.8%、余量为Al。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述铝箔层中还包含质量百分含量小于0.1%的Mn和小于0.1的Cu。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述保护层选自PA(聚酰胺)、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)中的一种或两种;所述保护层的厚度为10-15μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述铝箔层进一步进行防腐处理,在铝箔层两侧形成防腐层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述防腐处理包括阳极氧化、化成处理、镀层处理或涂布防腐层中的一种;所述防腐层的厚度为30-100nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述铝塑复合膜还包括胶水层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述胶水层选自聚氨酯类胶粘剂、环氧树脂类胶粘剂中的一种或两种,所述胶水层的厚度为3-5μm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述铝塑复合膜由外到内依次为保护层、胶水层、铝箔层、胶水层和热封层。
10.根据权利要求1所述的铝塑复合膜,其特征在于,所述热封层选自聚脂层或聚丙烯层中的一种。
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