CN110867118A - Plasticized specimen for position relation of spinal cord and intervertebral disc and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Plasticized specimen for position relation of spinal cord and intervertebral disc and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation and a manufacturing method thereof, and the method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation comprises the following steps of performing antiseptic treatment on a selected human body specimen; materials are taken and prepared, the intervertebral disc is completely reserved, the spinal cord and spinal nerves are cleaned at the vertebral body taking-out position, and the position relation between the spinal nerves and the intervertebral disc is clearly displayed; bleaching the specimen; soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 50-70 days; placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin for standing for 40-50 days; taking out the immersed specimen from the silica gel, shaping and repairing; and placing the specimen in a curing box, and curing for 10-15 days by using a curing agent. The specimen preparation method provided by the invention takes real organisms as specimens, the specimen shape and structure are complete and unchanged, the reality sense is strong, the specimen observation at the later stage is facilitated, the use and the operation are simple, the teaching of teachers and students are facilitated, and the specimens are non-toxic and odorless and are convenient to store for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological plasticizing specimens, in particular to a spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation plasticizing specimen and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
At present, the biological specimens commonly used for teaching and learning in schools are as follows: open the spinal canal from the back and show the plastified sample of spinal cord, model sample, infusion bottled sample.
The soaked bottled specimen has simple preparation process, needs to be stored in a storage solution, cannot be exposed in air for a long time, is toxic and has pungent smell, and cannot be intuitively felt by hands to feel the position and the shape of the specimen. And a certain deviation exists between the real specimen and the display screen, so that the display of the name of the real structure of the specimen cannot be realized.
The model specimen has a simple structure, certain deviation exists between teaching and real specimens, and the name of the real structure of the specimen cannot be displayed.
The plasticizing specimen technology applied to the field of biological anatomical landmarks has the history of about 20 years, and the biological plasticizing specimen produced by the plasticizing technology has the advantages of no toxicity, no smell, long-term preservation, convenient use, long-term preservation in the air and the like. If the vertebral canal is opened from the back side and the plasticized specimen is manufactured by using the plasticized specimen technology, the plasticized specimen can only display the spinal cord position and the spinal nerves, and the position relation of the intervertebral disc and the spinal nerves cannot be clearly displayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen of a position relation of a spinal cord and an intervertebral disc, and aims to solve the problem. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a plasticized specimen of the position relation of the spinal cord and the intervertebral disc prepared by the preparation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen of the position relationship of a spinal cord and an intervertebral disc, which comprises the following steps,
(1) performing antiseptic treatment, namely performing antiseptic treatment on the selected human body specimen;
(2) taking materials, opening the top of the skull at the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position on the macropore of the occiput at two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; taking off hip bones at two sides of the hip and sacroiliac joint and reserving sacrum, cutting off the ribs at the chest and abdomen at the posterior axillary line, taking off partial ribs and sternum, completely taking out internal organs, completely reserving cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum in the spinal area, and reserving a part of each of the two side ribs;
(3) the method comprises the steps of manufacturing, removing skin and fat tissues on the back, reserving muscle tissues, making intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk free, removing vertebral bodies from cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra in sequence by using vertebral arch chisels on one side of the front part of each vertebral body, completely reserving intervertebral discs, cleaning spinal cords and spinal nerves at the removed vertebral bodies, and clearly displaying the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs;
(4) bleaching, bleaching the specimen;
(5) dehydrating and degreasing, namely soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 50-70 days;
(6) vacuum impregnation, namely placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin for standing for 40-50 days, and adjusting the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin from small to large;
(7) shaping, taking out the impregnated specimen from the silica gel and shaping;
(8) repairing, namely repairing bones, ligament muscles and nerve tissues cleanly and flatly;
(9) curing, namely placing the specimen in a curing box, and curing for 10-15 days by using a curing agent;
(10) and (4) finishing, namely repairing the redundant silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the manufacture of the specimen.
Further, the preservative treatment process in the step (1) is that the specimen is perfused with formalin with the volume concentration of 15-20%, the formalin is permeated to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally the specimen is soaked in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3-4 months.
Further, in the step (2), sawing and cutting are carried out on the temples on the two sides at the position of 0.8-1.2 cm above the macropore of the occiput; the reserved parts of the ribs are 9-11 cm reserved on two sides of the ribs respectively.
Further, in the step (4), the specimen obtained in the step (3) is trimmed and tidily finished, and is placed into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 8-12% for bleaching for 2-3 days.
Further, in the step (5), the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 70-75%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 96-98%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 96-98% is continuously soaked for 2-3 weeks, and the acetone solution needs to be replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process.
Furthermore, in the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is between 20 ℃ below zero and 25 ℃ below zero.
Further, in the step (6), the pressure in the vacuum pressure cabin is regulated as follows, the pressure is started from 0.08-0.1 kPa, and the pressure is slowly regulated according to the amount of bubbles in the cabin until the pressure reaches 0.9-1.1 kPa.
Further, in the step (7), after the specimen is taken out, the shape is fixed by using a steel bar.
Further, in the step (9), the temperature in the curing box is set to be 30-50 ℃, and organic peroxide and fatty nitrogen compound steam are used for curing.
The plasticizing specimen for the position relationship between the spinal cord and the intervertebral disc prepared by the method for preparing the plasticizing specimen for the position relationship between the spinal cord and the intervertebral disc is disclosed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method provided by the invention takes real organisms as the specimens, the shape and the structure of the specimens are complete, the position relation between the intervertebral disc and spinal nerves can be clearly displayed, the observation of the specimens at the later stage of medical students is facilitated, and reliable basis and scheme are provided for the treatment of patients with the protrusion of the intervertebral disc clinically. And the use and the operation are simple, thereby being convenient for teachers to teach and students to study. The specimen is nontoxic and tasteless, is convenient for long-term storage, can save teaching cost for schools after being used for many times, can be placed in the air for a long time, is free from insects, has no pungent smell, is easy to store, and has a complete and attractive structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a plasticized specimen of the invention in relation to the spinal cord and disc position.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a manufacturing method of a plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting materials:
the human body specimens which are complete, have no trauma, no fracture and no lesion are selected.
(2) And (3) antiseptic treatment:
the method comprises the steps of performing preservative treatment on selected human body specimens, filling the specimens with formalin with the volume concentration of 18%, penetrating the formalin to each part of the specimens through large blood vessels (femoral artery and common carotid artery), and finally soaking the specimens in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3 months.
(3) Material taking:
opening the top of the skull by the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position 1 cm above the macropore of the occiput on two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; the hip bones at two sides are taken out at the sacroiliac joint of the hip and the sacrum is reserved, the ribs are cut off at the posterior axillary line at the chest and abdomen, partial ribs and sternum are taken out, the internal organs are completely taken out, the cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum are completely reserved in the spinal area, and the ribs at two sides are respectively reserved by 10 cm.
(4) Preparation:
skin and fat tissues are removed from the back, muscle tissues are reserved, intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk are free and made clean, vertebral bodies are sequentially removed from the cervical vertebra, the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra at one side of the front part of each vertebral body by using vertebral arch chisels, intervertebral discs are completely reserved, spinal cords and spinal nerves are cleaned at the removed parts of the vertebral bodies, and the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs is clearly displayed.
(5) Bleaching:
and (5) trimming the specimen obtained in the step (4) to be clean and tidy, putting the specimen into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 10% for bleaching for 3 days, and uniformly whitening the color.
(6) Washing: rinse with tap water for 2 days.
(7) Dewatering and degreasing:
soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 70 days; the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 70%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 98%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 98% is soaked for 2 weeks, and the acetone solution is replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process. In the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is-25 ℃.
(8) Vacuum impregnation:
and (3) placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin, standing for 50 days, wherein the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is required to be slowly adjusted from small to large, and the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is adjusted as follows, wherein the pressure is required to be adjusted from 0.1kPa, and the pressure is slowly adjusted according to the amount of bubbles in the bin until the pressure reaches 1 kPa. In this process, acetone in the specimen tissue is displaced by squeezing the liquid silica gel.
(9) Shaping:
and taking out the dipped specimen from the silica gel, shaping, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar according to the requirement.
(10) Repairing:
the bone, ligament, muscle and nerve tissues are repaired to be clean and flat;
(11) and (3) curing:
the specimen is placed in a closed curing box and cured for 15 days by using a curing agent. The temperature in the curing oven was set at 50 ℃ and the curing was carried out by using organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound vapor.
(12) Trimming:
after solidification, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the preparation of the specimen.
Example 2:
a manufacturing method of a plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting materials:
the human body specimens which are complete, have no trauma, no fracture and no lesion are selected.
(2) And (3) antiseptic treatment:
the method comprises the steps of performing preservative treatment on selected human body specimens, filling the specimens with formalin with the volume concentration of 15%, penetrating the formalin to each part of the specimens through large blood vessels (femoral artery and common carotid artery), and finally soaking the specimens in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3 months.
(3) Material taking:
opening the top of the skull by the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position 1 cm above the macropore of the occiput on two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; the hip bones at two sides are taken out at the sacroiliac joint of the hip and the sacrum is reserved, the ribs are cut off at the posterior axillary line at the chest and abdomen, partial ribs and sternum are taken out, the internal organs are completely taken out, the cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum are completely reserved in the spinal area, and the ribs at two sides are respectively reserved by 10 cm.
(4) Preparation:
skin and fat tissues are removed from the back, muscle tissues are reserved, intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk are free and made clean, vertebral bodies are sequentially removed from the cervical vertebra, the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra at one side of the front part of each vertebral body by using vertebral arch chisels, intervertebral discs are completely reserved, spinal cords and spinal nerves are cleaned at the removed parts of the vertebral bodies, and the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs is clearly displayed.
(5) Bleaching:
and (5) trimming the specimen obtained in the step (4) to be clean and tidy, putting the specimen into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 12%, bleaching for 3 days, and uniformly whitening the color.
(6) Washing: rinse with tap water for 3 days.
(7) Dewatering and degreasing:
soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 70 days; the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 70%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 98%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 98% is soaked for 2 weeks, and the acetone solution is replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process. In the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is-25 ℃.
(8) Vacuum impregnation:
and (3) placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin, standing for 50 days, wherein the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is required to be slowly adjusted from small to large, and the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is adjusted as follows, wherein the pressure is required to be adjusted from 0.1kPa, and the pressure is slowly adjusted according to the amount of bubbles in the bin until the pressure reaches 1 kPa. In this process, acetone in the specimen tissue is displaced by squeezing the liquid silica gel.
(9) Shaping:
and taking out the dipped specimen from the silica gel, shaping, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar according to the requirement.
(10) Repairing:
the bone, ligament, muscle and nerve tissues are repaired to be clean and flat;
(11) and (3) curing:
the specimen is placed in a closed curing box and cured for 15 days by using a curing agent. The temperature in the curing oven was set at 30 ℃ and the curing was carried out by using organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound vapor.
(12) Trimming:
after solidification, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the preparation of the specimen.
Example 3:
a manufacturing method of a plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting materials:
the human body specimens which are complete, have no trauma, no fracture and no lesion are selected.
(2) And (3) antiseptic treatment:
the method comprises the steps of performing preservative treatment on selected human body specimens, filling the specimens with formalin with the volume concentration of 20%, penetrating the formalin to each part of the specimens through large blood vessels (femoral artery and common carotid artery), and finally soaking the specimens in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3 months.
(3) Material taking:
opening the top of the skull by the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position 1 cm above the macropore of the occiput on two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; the hip bones at two sides are taken out at the sacroiliac joint of the hip and the sacrum is reserved, the ribs are cut off at the posterior axillary line at the chest and abdomen, partial ribs and sternum are taken out, the internal organs are completely taken out, the cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum are completely reserved in the spinal area, and the ribs at two sides are respectively reserved by 10 cm.
(4) Preparation:
skin and fat tissues are removed from the back, muscle tissues are reserved, intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk are free and made clean, vertebral bodies are sequentially removed from the cervical vertebra, the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra at one side of the front part of each vertebral body by using vertebral arch chisels, intervertebral discs are completely reserved, spinal cords and spinal nerves are cleaned at the removed parts of the vertebral bodies, and the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs is clearly displayed.
(5) Bleaching:
and (5) trimming the specimen obtained in the step (4) to be clean and tidy, putting the specimen into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 12%, bleaching for 2 days, and uniformly whitening the color.
(6) Washing: rinse with tap water for 2 days.
(7) Dewatering and degreasing:
soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 70 days; the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 70%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 98%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 98% is soaked for 2 weeks, and the acetone solution is replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process. In the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is-25 ℃.
(8) Vacuum impregnation:
and (3) placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin, standing for 50 days, wherein the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is required to be slowly adjusted from small to large, and the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is adjusted as follows, wherein the pressure is required to be adjusted from 0.1kPa, and the pressure is slowly adjusted according to the amount of bubbles in the bin until the pressure reaches 1 kPa. In this process, acetone in the specimen tissue is displaced by squeezing the liquid silica gel.
(9) Shaping:
and taking out the dipped specimen from the silica gel, shaping, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar according to the requirement.
(10) Repairing:
the bone, ligament, muscle and nerve tissues are repaired to be clean and flat;
(11) and (3) curing:
the specimen is placed in a closed curing box and cured for 10 days by a curing agent. The temperature in the curing oven was set at 50 ℃ and the curing was carried out by using organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound vapor.
(12) Trimming:
after solidification, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the preparation of the specimen.
Example 4:
a manufacturing method of a plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting materials:
the human body specimens which are complete, have no trauma, no fracture and no lesion are selected.
(2) And (3) antiseptic treatment:
the method comprises the steps of performing preservative treatment on selected human body specimens, filling the specimens with formalin with the volume concentration of 15%, penetrating the formalin to each part of the specimens through large blood vessels (femoral artery and common carotid artery), and finally soaking the specimens in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 4 months.
(3) Material taking:
opening the top of the skull by the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position of 0.8 cm above the macropore of the occiput on two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; the hip bones at two sides are taken out at the sacroiliac joint of the hip and the sacrum is reserved, the ribs are cut off at the posterior axillary line at the chest and abdomen, partial ribs and sternum are taken out, the internal organs are completely taken out, the cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum are completely reserved in the spinal area, and the ribs at two sides are respectively reserved by 9 cm.
(4) Preparation:
skin and adipose tissues are removed from the back, muscle tissues are reserved, intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk are freely manufactured, vertebral bodies are sequentially removed from the cervical vertebra, the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra at one side of the front part of each vertebral body by using a vertebral arch chisel, intervertebral discs are completely reserved, spinal cords and spinal nerves are cleaned at the positions where the vertebral bodies are removed, and the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs is clearly displayed.
(5) Bleaching:
and (5) trimming the specimen obtained in the step (4) to be clean and tidy, putting the specimen into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 8%, bleaching for 3 days, and uniformly whitening the color.
(6) Washing: rinse with tap water for 2 days.
(7) Dewatering and degreasing:
soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 50 days; the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 75%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 96%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 96% is soaked for 2 weeks, and the acetone solution is replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process. In the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is-20 ℃.
(8) Vacuum impregnation:
and (3) placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin, standing for 40 days, wherein the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is required to be slowly adjusted from small to large, and the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is adjusted as follows, wherein the pressure is required to be adjusted from 0.08kPa, and the pressure is slowly adjusted according to the amount of bubbles in the bin until the pressure reaches 0.9 kPa. In this process, acetone in the specimen tissue is displaced by squeezing the liquid silica gel.
(9) Shaping:
and taking out the dipped specimen from the silica gel, shaping, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar according to the requirement.
(10) Repairing:
the bone, ligament, muscle and nerve tissues are repaired to be clean and flat;
(11) and (3) curing:
the specimen is placed in a closed curing box and cured for 15 days by using a curing agent. The temperature in the curing oven was set at 40 ℃ and the curing was carried out by using organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound vapor.
(12) Trimming:
after solidification, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the preparation of the specimen.
Example 5:
a manufacturing method of a plasticized specimen for spinal cord and intervertebral disc position relation comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting materials:
the human body specimens which are complete, have no trauma, no fracture and no lesion are selected.
(2) And (3) antiseptic treatment:
the method comprises the steps of performing preservative treatment on selected human body specimens, filling the specimens with formalin with the volume concentration of 15%, penetrating the formalin to each part of the specimens through large blood vessels (femoral artery and common carotid artery), and finally soaking the specimens in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3 months.
(3) Material taking:
opening the top of the skull by the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position of 1.2 cm above the macropore of the occiput on two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; the hip bones at two sides are taken out at the sacroiliac joint of the hip and the sacrum is reserved, the ribs are cut off at the posterior axillary line at the chest and abdomen, partial ribs and sternum are taken out, the internal organs are completely taken out, the cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum are completely reserved in the spinal area, and the ribs at two sides are respectively reserved by 11 cm.
(4) Preparation:
skin and fat tissues are removed from the back, muscle tissues are reserved, intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk are free and made clean, vertebral bodies are sequentially removed from the cervical vertebra, the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra at one side of the front part of each vertebral body by using vertebral arch chisels, intervertebral discs are completely reserved, spinal cords and spinal nerves are cleaned at the removed parts of the vertebral bodies, and the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs is clearly displayed.
(5) Bleaching:
and (5) trimming the specimen obtained in the step (4) to be clean and tidy, putting the specimen into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 10% for bleaching for 2 days, and uniformly whitening the color.
(6) Washing: rinse with tap water for 2 days.
(7) Dewatering and degreasing:
soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 60 days; the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 75%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 98%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 98% is soaked for 2 weeks, and the acetone solution is replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process. In the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is-20 ℃.
(8) Vacuum impregnation:
and (3) placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin, standing for 40 days, wherein the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is required to be slowly adjusted from small to large, and the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is adjusted as follows, wherein the pressure is required to be adjusted from 0.1kPa, and the pressure is slowly adjusted according to the amount of bubbles in the bin until the pressure reaches 1.1 kPa. In this process, acetone in the specimen tissue is displaced by squeezing the liquid silica gel.
(9) Shaping:
and taking out the dipped specimen from the silica gel, shaping, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar according to the requirement.
(10) Repairing:
the bone, ligament, muscle and nerve tissues are repaired to be clean and flat;
(11) and (3) curing:
the specimen is placed in a closed curing box and cured for 10 days by a curing agent. The temperature in the curing oven was set at 45 ℃ and the curing was carried out by using organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound vapor.
(12) Trimming:
after solidification, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the preparation of the specimen.
The plasticized specimen for the position relationship between the spinal cord and the intervertebral disc is prepared by the method for preparing the plasticized specimen for the position relationship between the spinal cord and the intervertebral disc according to the embodiments.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A manufacturing method of a plasticized specimen of a position relation of a spinal cord and an intervertebral disc is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) performing antiseptic treatment, namely performing antiseptic treatment on the selected human body specimen;
(2) taking materials, opening the top of the skull at the head, taking out brain tissue, obliquely sawing and cutting off the front half part of the temporal bone at the position on the macropore of the occiput at two sides, and reserving part of the occiput; taking off hip bones at two sides of the hip and sacroiliac joint and reserving sacrum, cutting off the ribs at the chest and abdomen at the posterior axillary line, taking off partial ribs and sternum, completely taking out internal organs, completely reserving cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum in the spinal area, and reserving a part of each of the two side ribs;
(3) the method comprises the steps of manufacturing, removing skin and fat tissues on the back, reserving muscle tissues, making intercostal nerves and intercostal trunk free, removing vertebral bodies from cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra in sequence by using vertebral arch chisels on one side of the front part of each vertebral body, completely reserving intervertebral discs, cleaning spinal cords and spinal nerves at the removed vertebral bodies, and clearly displaying the position relation of the spinal nerves and the intervertebral discs;
(4) bleaching, bleaching the specimen;
(5) dehydrating and degreasing, namely soaking the bleached specimen in an acetone solution for 50-70 days;
(6) vacuum impregnation, namely placing the dehydrated and degreased specimen in silica gel in a vacuum pressure bin for standing for 40-50 days, and adjusting the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin from small to large;
(7) shaping, taking out the impregnated specimen from the silica gel and shaping;
(8) repairing, namely repairing bones, ligament muscles and nerve tissues cleanly and flatly;
(9) curing, namely placing the specimen in a curing box, and curing for 10-15 days by using a curing agent;
(10) and (4) finishing, namely repairing the redundant silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the manufacture of the specimen.
2. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1, wherein: the preservative treatment process in the step (1) is that formalin with the volume concentration of 15-20% is used for perfusing the specimen, the formalin is permeated to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally the specimen is soaked in formalin with the volume concentration of 10% for 3-4 months.
3. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), saw cutting is carried out at the position of 0.8-1.2 cm above the macropore of the occiput along the temporal bones at the two sides; the reserved parts of the ribs are 9-11 cm reserved on two sides of the ribs respectively.
4. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) trimming the specimen obtained in the step (3) to be clean and tidy, and bleaching the specimen in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 8-12% for 2-3 days.
5. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: in the step (5), the initial mass concentration of the acetone solution is 70-75%, the mass concentration of the acetone solution is gradually increased to 96-98%, then the acetone solution with the mass concentration of 96-98% is continuously soaked for 2-3 weeks, and the acetone solution needs to be replaced every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process.
6. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 5, wherein: in the process of dehydration and degreasing, the soaking temperature is between 20 ℃ below zero and 25 ℃ below zero.
7. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), the pressure in the vacuum pressure bin is regulated as follows, the pressure is started from 0.08-0.1 kPa, and the pressure is slowly regulated according to the amount of bubbles in the bin until the pressure reaches 0.9-1.1 kPa.
8. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (7), the specimen is taken out, and the shape is fixed by using the steel bar.
9. The method for preparing a plasticized specimen of spinal cord and intervertebral disc positional relationship according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (9), the temperature in the curing box is set to be 30-50 ℃, and organic peroxide and fatty nitrogen compound are used for steam curing.
10. The plasticized spinal cord and disc positional relationship specimen prepared by the method of making a plasticized spinal cord and disc positional relationship specimen according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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