CN112164295A - Preparation method of specimen for human cerebrovascular interventional operation - Google Patents
Preparation method of specimen for human cerebrovascular interventional operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112164295A CN112164295A CN202011134374.4A CN202011134374A CN112164295A CN 112164295 A CN112164295 A CN 112164295A CN 202011134374 A CN202011134374 A CN 202011134374A CN 112164295 A CN112164295 A CN 112164295A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a specimen for human cerebrovascular interventional operation, which comprises the following steps of selecting a human specimen and carrying out antiseptic treatment on the human specimen; material taking: keeping the head, chest and abdomen, removing part of ribs and sternum, removing upper limbs on two sides, and cutting at the middle part of thigh; cutting the top of the cranium by circular saw, removing superficial fascia of skin on the right side of the face to show parotid gland, and removing the superficial fascia of skin on the left side of the face to expose maxillary artery and branch; part of skin and superficial fascia are reserved on the right side of the lower limb, the skin and the superficial fascia are removed from the left side, and a great saphenous vein, a femoral artery and branches are displayed; chest cavity: removing superficial fascia and deep fascia to expose the heart outline and the head and arm stems; bleaching and washing the specimen; cleaning redundant tissues on the surface of the specimen; threading a guide wire: in the right groin area, a guidewire is slowly inserted along the femoral artery to the common iliac, internal carotid, and basilar arteries. The prepared specimen has strong sense of reality, is beneficial to specimen observation, and is convenient for teaching and learning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of human body specimen preparation, in particular to a specimen preparation method for human body cerebrovascular interventional operation.
Background
The ischemic cerebral apoplexy is caused by the blockage of cerebral blood vessels by thrombus, and except for the dissolution of the thrombus dissolving medicine, the ischemic cerebral apoplexy can be gradually introduced into the cerebral blood vessels from peripheral blood vessels by using some special instruments to take out the thrombus blocking the cerebral blood vessels, and the latter is called as the interventional therapy in the cerebral blood vessels. Simply, a small hole needs to be drilled in the femoral artery at the root of the thigh of a patient, a guide wire balloon and the like are stretched into the small hole, the small hole is slowly communicated with the cerebral vessel under the guidance of radiography to find thrombus, finally, the thrombus is taken out by adopting the modes of mechanical traction, balloon expansion and the like, the blood vessel is communicated, and the cerebral cells are saved.
Corresponding samples are prepared for teaching, learning or clinical operation reference research, schools or hospitals and the like, and common samples are provided with model samples and electronic simulation samples. However, the mold model specimen has the advantages of simple structure, complex process and high cost, and the size of the manufactured specimen is rigid and inflexible. The teaching and real specimen have certain deviation, and the name of the real structure of the specimen cannot be displayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a specimen about human cerebrovascular interventional operation, so that the manufactured specimen has strong sense of reality and is convenient to observe, teach and learn.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a specimen about human cerebrovascular interventional surgery comprises the following steps of (1) selecting materials: selecting complete, trauma-free, fracture-free and disease-free human body specimens;
and (2) antiseptic treatment: carrying out antiseptic treatment on the human body specimen;
step (3), material taking: the head and the chest and abdomen are reserved, the ribs are cut off by a thread at the back of an axilla, part of the ribs, the sternum and the diaphragm are removed, the chest and abdomen wall is opened, the upper limbs are completely removed along the edges of the scapula and the clavicle, the upper limbs at two sides are cut horizontally at the middle part of the thigh, the thorax is reserved with the heart and the right lung, the left lung is removed, the peritoneal cavity is removed with the greater omentum, the lesser omentum, the mesentery, the stomach, the jejunum and the ileum, and the liver, the pancreas, the spleen, the left kidney, the right kidney, the abdominal aorta, the inferior vena;
step (4), dissecting and manufacturing a specimen:
(4-1) head: the skull top is cut circularly at the position 1 cm above the arch of the eyebrow, 1 cm above the ear and above the macropore of the occipital bone, the brain tissue is completely displayed, superficial fascia of the skin is removed on the right side of the face, and the parotid, facial nerve and branches, orbicularis oculi, greater zygomatic muscle, small zygomatic muscle, masseter muscle, great auricular nerve, occipital artery and vein, parotid artery and vein, facial artery and vein, small occipital nerve, superficial temporal artery and vein, great occipital nerve and auriculotemporal nerve are displayed;
(4-2) neck: removing superficial fascia of skin on the right side, and displaying external jugular vein, transverse cervical nerve, clavicular epithelial nerve, sternocleidomastoid muscle, scapular-hyoid muscle and sternohyoid muscle; skin, superficial fascia, sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, supraventral scaphyoid muscle, thyroid cartilage, superior thyroid vein, vagus nerve, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, brachiocephalic vein, hypothyroid vein, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, thyroid, hyoid, hypoglossal nerve and vertebral artery are removed from the left side;
(4-3) lower limbs: the right side retains a portion of skin, superficial fascia, showing the superficial iliac vein, the superficial lateral femoral vein, the superficial medial femoral vein, the external pudendal vein, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, sartorius, great saphenous vein, femoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery, inguinal ligament; skin, superficial fascia and superficial muscle tissue are removed from the left side, and the great saphenous vein, femoral artery and branch, femoral vein, deep femoral artery and femoral nerve are displayed;
(4-4) thoracic cavity: removing superficial fascia and deep fascia to expose heart contour, head and arm trunk, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, aorta, thoracic aorta, esophagus, and trachea;
(4-5) abdominal cavity: removing fat, superficial fascia and deep fascia, and displaying abdominal aorta, abdominal trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, common iliac artery and vein, internal iliac artery and vein;
and (5) bleaching: bleaching the specimen manufactured in the step (4);
step (6), washing: washing the specimen;
step (7), finishing: cleaning redundant tissues on the surface of the specimen;
step (8), threading a guide wire: in the right groin area, the femoral artery is found, the guide wire is slowly inserted along the femoral artery to the common iliac artery, the external iliac artery, the abdominal aorta, the thoracic aorta, the left common carotid artery, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral artery and the basilar artery, and a small window is opened in the middle of each artery to clearly see the shape-moving position of the guide wire.
Further, in the step (2), formalin is used as the preservative solution.
Further, in the step (5), the specimen is put into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 8-12% for bleaching for 2-3 days.
Further, the specimens were tumbled every day during bleaching.
Further, in the step (6), the specimen is washed with running water for 1-2 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the specimen preparation method takes a real human body specimen as a raw material, the shape and structure of the specimen are complete and unchanged, students can visually observe and learn the position and structure of the blood vessel through which the guide wire of the cerebrovascular intervention operation enters on the specimen, and the specimen preparation method is not easy to damage, has strong reality sense, is favorable for specimen observation and is convenient for teachers to teach and students to learn; provides a real and reliable basis for clinical operation schemes. In the design and manufacture of the specimen, the left side is used for displaying a deep anatomical structure, the right side is used for displaying a shallow anatomical structure, and the hierarchical structure of the specimen can be clearly observed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a specimen prepared by the specimen preparation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1 of the invention:
a preparation method of a specimen about human cerebrovascular interventional surgery comprises the following steps:
step (1), selecting materials:
the human body specimens which are complete, have no trauma, no fracture and no lesion are selected.
And (2) antiseptic treatment:
and adopting formalin as preservative solution to carry out preservative treatment on the human body specimen.
The formalin preservative solution is prepared by mixing formaldehyde and distilled water, and the volume concentration of the formalin is about 30%. The specimen can be soaked for 3 to 4 months in a mode of soaking the specimen.
Step (3), material taking:
the head and the chest and abdomen are reserved, the ribs are cut off by a thread at the back of an axilla, part of the ribs, the sternum and the diaphragm are removed, the chest and abdomen wall is opened, the upper limbs are completely removed along the edges of the scapula and the clavicle, the upper limbs at two sides are cut horizontally at the middle part of the thigh, the thorax is reserved with the heart and the right lung, the left lung is removed, the peritoneal cavity is removed with the greater omentum, the lesser omentum, the mesentery, the stomach, the jejunum and the ileum, and the liver, the pancreas, the spleen, the left kidney, the right kidney, the abdominal aorta, the inferior vena;
step (4), dissecting and manufacturing a specimen:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(4-1) head:
the skull top is cut circularly at the position 1 cm above the arch of the eyebrow, 1 cm above the ear and above the macropore of the occipital bone, the brain tissue is completely displayed, superficial fascia of the skin is removed on the right side of the face, and the parotid, facial nerve and branches, orbicularis oculi, greater zygomatic muscle, small zygomatic muscle, masseter muscle, great auricular nerve, occipital artery and vein, parotid artery and vein, facial artery and vein, small occipital nerve, superficial temporal artery and vein, great occipital nerve and auriculotemporal nerve are displayed;
(4-2) neck:
removing superficial fascia of skin on the right side, and displaying external jugular vein, transverse cervical nerve, clavicular epithelial nerve, sternocleidomastoid muscle, scapular-hyoid muscle and sternohyoid muscle; skin, superficial fascia, sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, supraventral scaphyoid muscle, thyroid cartilage, superior thyroid vein, vagus nerve, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, brachiocephalic vein, hypothyroid vein, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, thyroid, hyoid, hypoglossal nerve and vertebral artery are removed from the left side;
(4-3) lower limbs:
the right side retains a portion of skin, superficial fascia, showing the superficial iliac vein, the superficial lateral femoral vein, the superficial medial femoral vein, the external pudendal vein, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, sartorius, great saphenous vein, femoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery, inguinal ligament; skin, superficial fascia and superficial muscle tissue are removed from the left side, and the great saphenous vein, femoral artery and branch, femoral vein, deep femoral artery and femoral nerve are displayed;
(4-4) thoracic cavity:
removing superficial fascia and deep fascia to expose heart contour, head and arm trunk, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, aorta, thoracic aorta, esophagus, and trachea;
(4-5) abdominal cavity:
removing fat, superficial fascia and deep fascia, and displaying abdominal aorta, abdominal trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, common iliac artery and vein, internal iliac artery and vein;
and (5) bleaching:
bleaching the specimen manufactured in the step (4); and (3) putting the specimen into a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 10% for bleaching for 2 days, and turning over the specimen every day during bleaching.
Step (6), washing:
the specimens were rinsed with running water for 1 day.
Step (7), finishing:
cleaning redundant tissues on the surface of the specimen;
step (8), threading a guide wire:
in the right groin area, the femoral artery is found, the guide wire is slowly inserted along the femoral artery to the common iliac artery, the external iliac artery, the abdominal aorta, the thoracic aorta, the left common carotid artery, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral artery and the basilar artery, and a small window is opened in the middle of each artery to clearly see the shape-moving position of the guide wire.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a specimen prepared by the specimen preparation method of the present invention, the method uses a real human body specimen as a raw material, the shape and structure of the specimen are complete and unchanged, and students can visually observe and learn the position and structure of a blood vessel through which a cerebrovascular interventional operation guide wire enters on the specimen, and the specimen preparation method is not easy to damage, has strong reality, is favorable for specimen observation, and is convenient for teachers to teach and students to learn; provides a real and reliable basis for clinical operation schemes. In the design and manufacture of the specimen, the left side is used for displaying a deep anatomical structure, the right side is used for displaying a shallow anatomical structure, and the hierarchical structure of the specimen can be clearly observed.
Example 2 of the invention:
the only difference from example 1 is the bleaching time in step (5), which is 3 days.
Example 3 of the invention:
the only difference from example 1 is that the concentration of the bleached hydrogen peroxide solution in step (5) is 8%.
Example 4 of the invention:
the only difference from example 1 is that the concentration of the bleached hydrogen peroxide solution in step (5) was 12%.
Example 5 of the invention:
the difference from example 1 is only the rinsing time in step (6), which is 2 days.
In the above embodiments, the anatomical position may be appropriately adjusted in other embodiments, such as the so-called "1 cm" in step (4), and may be set to about 1 cm, 0.8 cm, 1.2 cm, or the like, but is not limited to a specific value.
In the above embodiments, the dissecting tool may be a medical handle, a knife, a dissecting forceps, a scissors, or the like.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a specimen about human cerebrovascular interventional operation is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step (1), selecting materials: selecting complete, trauma-free, fracture-free and disease-free human body specimens;
and (2) antiseptic treatment: carrying out antiseptic treatment on the human body specimen;
step (3), material taking: the head and the chest and abdomen are reserved, the ribs are cut off by a thread at the back of an axilla, part of the ribs, the sternum and the diaphragm are removed, the chest and abdomen wall is opened, the upper limbs are completely removed along the edges of the scapula and the clavicle, the upper limbs at two sides are cut horizontally at the middle part of the thigh, the thorax is reserved with the heart and the right lung, the left lung is removed, the peritoneal cavity is removed with the greater omentum, the lesser omentum, the mesentery, the stomach, the jejunum and the ileum, and the liver, the pancreas, the spleen, the left kidney, the right kidney, the abdominal aorta, the inferior vena;
step (4), dissecting and manufacturing a specimen:
(4-1) head: the skull top is cut circularly at the position 1 cm above the arch of the eyebrow, 1 cm above the ear and above the macropore of the occipital bone, the brain tissue is completely displayed, superficial fascia of the skin is removed on the right side of the face, and the parotid, facial nerve and branches, orbicularis oculi, greater zygomatic muscle, small zygomatic muscle, masseter muscle, great auricular nerve, occipital artery and vein, parotid artery and vein, facial artery and vein, small occipital nerve, superficial temporal artery and vein, great occipital nerve and auriculotemporal nerve are displayed;
(4-2) neck: removing superficial fascia of skin on the right side, and displaying external jugular vein, transverse cervical nerve, clavicular epithelial nerve, sternocleidomastoid muscle, scapular-hyoid muscle and sternohyoid muscle; skin, superficial fascia, sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, supraventral scaphyoid muscle, thyroid cartilage, superior thyroid vein, vagus nerve, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, brachiocephalic vein, hypothyroid vein, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, thyroid, hyoid, hypoglossal nerve and vertebral artery are removed from the left side;
(4-3) lower limbs: the right side retains a portion of skin, superficial fascia, showing the superficial iliac vein, the superficial lateral femoral vein, the superficial medial femoral vein, the external pudendal vein, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, sartorius, great saphenous vein, femoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery, inguinal ligament; skin, superficial fascia and superficial muscle tissue are removed from the left side, and the great saphenous vein, femoral artery and branch, femoral vein, deep femoral artery and femoral nerve are displayed;
(4-4) thoracic cavity: removing superficial fascia and deep fascia to expose heart contour, head and arm trunk, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, aorta, thoracic aorta, esophagus, and trachea;
(4-5) abdominal cavity: removing fat, superficial fascia and deep fascia, and displaying abdominal aorta, abdominal trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, common iliac artery and vein, internal iliac artery and vein;
and (5) bleaching: bleaching the specimen manufactured in the step (4);
step (6), washing: washing the specimen;
step (7), finishing: cleaning redundant tissues on the surface of the specimen;
step (8), threading a guide wire: in the right groin area, the femoral artery is found, the guide wire is slowly inserted along the femoral artery to the common iliac artery, the external iliac artery, the abdominal aorta, the thoracic aorta, the left common carotid artery, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral artery and the basilar artery, and a small window is opened in the middle of each artery to clearly see the shape-moving position of the guide wire.
2. The method for preparing a specimen for cerebrovascular interventional procedures in a human body according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), formalin is used as preservative solution.
3. The method for preparing a specimen for cerebrovascular interventional procedures in a human body according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) bleaching the specimen in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 8-12% for 2-3 days.
4. The method for preparing a specimen for human cerebrovascular interventional surgery according to claim 3, wherein: when bleaching, the specimens are turned over every day.
5. The method for preparing a specimen for cerebrovascular interventional procedures in a human body according to claim 1, wherein: and (6) washing the sample with running water for 1-2 days.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113693058A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-26 | 河南中博生物塑化科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing femoral head necrosis replacement plasticized specimen |
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