CN110863265A - 一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PFXYQVJESZAMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K zirconium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)Cl PFXYQVJESZAMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及无机非金属材料领域,具体为一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法;包括下列步骤∶1)制备A组分溶胶;2)制备二氧化硅溶胶;3)将A组分溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶混合,得双相溶胶,并添加纺丝助剂;4)将添加助剂后的双相溶胶浓缩,干法纺丝,得凝胶纤维;5)将凝胶纤维热解,得陶瓷纤维;6)将陶瓷纤维烧结,得连续氧化铝基陶瓷纤维;本发明提供的一种连续陶瓷纤维制备方法,具有原料成本低,工艺稳定并且容易调整的有点。本方法主要原料来源广泛并且便宜,相对于采用金属醇盐水解法、硅氧烷法有着明显的成本优势。由于金属溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶稳定性和相容性好,可以根据要求制备具有不同二氧化硅含量的陶瓷纤维,工艺适应性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无机非金属材料领域,具体为一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷纤维中二氧化硅的加入方式有很多种:(1)以有机硅化合物的形式,如硅酸酯类、有机硅氧烷类等。利用酸性催化法形成硅溶胶,然后加入到溶胶中,混合后浓缩到适合粘度进行纺丝。该方法最大的难点是有机硅的水解不完全,所得溶胶纺丝液的稳定性差,在纤维生产的过程中,溶胶性能发生明显变化,影响工艺和产品质量的稳定性。(2)以有机前驱体的形式,如聚铝硅氧烷。通过化学合成直接得到有机聚铝硅氧烷,然后溶解到有机溶剂中得到适合纺丝用的溶液。该方法的前驱体合成难度大、成本高;在干法纺丝过程中必须对溶剂进行回收,进一步增加了生产成本。(3)以无机硅溶胶的形式,如通过水玻璃加酸水解然后用酸性离子交换树脂的方式制备无硅机溶胶。该方法的难点是离子交换不彻底,因此硅溶胶中含有少量的金属离子,尤其是钠、钾等碱金属离子,严重损害纤维的高温力学性能。此外这种硅溶胶在浓缩后稳定性较差,容易凝胶化,影响生产工艺的稳定性,进而影响陶瓷纤维的质量稳定性。(4)以粉末的形式加入,即将二氧化硅陶瓷粉末添加到铝溶胶中。该方法的难点是陶瓷粉体的分散难度大,通常形成团聚,严重影响纤维微观组织的均匀性,并对力学性能产生不利的影响。
发明内容
为了解决以上的技术问题,本发明提供一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法;
本发明是这样实现的:
一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,包括下列步骤∶1)制备A组分溶胶;2)制备二氧化硅溶胶;3)将A组分溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶混合,得双相溶胶,并添加纺丝助剂;4)将添加助剂后的双相溶胶浓缩,干法纺丝,得凝胶纤维;5)将凝胶纤维热解,得陶瓷纤维;6)将陶瓷纤维烧结,得连续陶瓷纤维。
进一步的,A组分包括金属氧化物,优选为氧化铝、二氧化钛和氧化锆中的一种。
进一步的,A组分为氧化铝。
进一步的,在步骤1)中,制备A组分溶胶是通过金属和金属盐的水溶液反应,回流,直至金属溶解完全,过滤即得到澄清的A组分溶胶。
进一步的,在步骤1)中,金属∶金属盐摩尔比例为1~9∶1,金属盐的水溶液的浓度为0.2~2.8mol/L,回流的温度为90~120℃,回流的时间为8~24h。
进一步的,在步骤2)中,制备二氧化硅溶胶是通过有机硅酸酯碱性水解获得,其中有机硅酸酯为硅酸甲酯、硅酸乙酯、硅酸丙酯或硅酸异丙酯中的至少一种,碱为脲、氨水、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、六次甲基四胺有机胺类中的至少一种,溶剂为可溶性醇类或酮类,可溶性醇类为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙酮、丁酮中的一种;按体积比,溶剂∶有机硅酸酯≥1,碱的浓度为0.1%~ 20%,水解的温度为室温至100℃之间,水解的时间为1~24h。
进一步的,在步骤3)中,双相溶胶的制备是通过A组分将溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶混合获得,碱性的二氧化硅溶胶预先添加酸将其pH 值调为酸性;所述纺丝助剂为聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、部分水解的聚醋酸乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚马来酸中的至少一种,聚合度为1000~100000,按质量百分比,纺丝助剂的加入量为A组分溶胶的0.3%~12%。
进一步的,在步骤4)中,将添加助剂后的双相溶胶浓缩,脱除溶剂后得到粘度为10~1000Pa·s(25℃)的纺丝液;所述干法纺丝是将纺丝液放入干法纺丝机的纺丝液储罐中,经脱泡处理后,在20~ 80℃下以10~300m/min的卷绕速度进行干法纺丝,得到凝胶纤维。
进一步的,在步骤5)中,将凝胶纤维热解是在空气气氛中以1~ 10℃/min升温速率升至700~900℃,脱除凝胶纤维中的水分、阴离子,并氧化分解有机物,获得陶瓷纤维。
进一步的,在步骤6)中,将陶瓷纤维烧结是以10~1000℃/min 的速率升温到900~1600℃进行烧结。
上述方案的有益效果:
本发明提供的一种连续陶瓷纤维制备方法,具有原料成本低,工艺稳定并且容易调整的有点。本方法主要原料来源广泛并且便宜,相对于采用金属醇盐水解法、硅氧烷法有着明显的成本优势。由于金属溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶稳定性和相容性好,可以根据要求制备具有不同二氧化硅含量的陶瓷纤维,工艺适应性强。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本实施例提供一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,包括下列步骤∶1) 制备A组分溶胶;2)制备二氧化硅溶胶;3)将A组分溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶混合,得双相溶胶,并添加纺丝助剂;4)将添加助剂后的双相溶胶浓缩,干法纺丝,得凝胶纤维;5)将凝胶纤维热解,得陶瓷纤维;6)将陶瓷纤维烧结,得连续氧化铝基陶瓷纤维。
实施例1
(1)在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入200ml三氯化铝水溶液(1mol/L)和 27g金属铝粉,加热回流12h,使铝粉完全溶解。冷却后,用滤纸过滤得到澄清的氧化铝溶胶。
(2)将11.18g正硅酸乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4)溶解于40ml无水乙醇中,加入10ml氨水溶液(1%),60℃水解24h后,加入稀盐酸调节pH值为4,得到平均粒径为30nm的二氧化硅溶胶。
(3)将5g平均聚合度在1750,醇解度99%的聚乙烯醇溶解在95g 水中配置成5%的溶液,得到纺丝助剂。
(4)将步骤(1)所得到的氧化铝溶胶与将步骤(2)所得到的二氧化硅溶胶搅拌混合后,再加入步骤(3)所得到的纺丝助剂50g,搅拌混合后在80℃下减压浓缩,得到粘度为50Pa·s的纺丝液。
(5)将步骤(4)制得的纺丝液放入干法纺丝机中,在50℃下保温脱泡处理4h后,以200m/min的卷绕速度进行干法纺丝,得到平均直径为15μm的凝胶原丝。
(6)将步骤(5)所得到的凝胶原丝在空气气氛中以5℃/min升温速率升至800℃,保温1h以脱除原丝中水分、氯离子并氧化分解有机物,得到热解陶瓷纤维。
(7)将步骤(6)所得到的热解纤维在空气气氛中以100℃/min升温速率升至1400℃烧结,得到多晶氧化铝基纤维。
实施例2
(1)在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入200ml三氯化钛水溶液(1mol/L) 和27g金属钛粉,加热回流12h,使铝粉完全溶解。冷却后,用滤纸过滤得到澄清的二氧化钛溶胶。
(2)将11.18g正硅酸乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4)溶解于40ml无水乙醇中,加入10ml氨水溶液(1%),60℃水解24h后,加入稀盐酸调节 pH值为4,得到平均粒径为30nm的二氧化硅溶胶。
(3)将5g平均聚合度在1750,醇解度99%的聚乙烯醇溶解在 95g水中配置成5%的溶液,得到纺丝助剂。
(4)将步骤(1)所得到的二氧化钛溶胶与将步骤(2)所得到的二氧化硅溶胶搅拌混合后,再加入步骤(3)所得到的纺丝助剂57g,搅拌混合后在90℃下减压浓缩,得到粘度为53Pa·s的纺丝液。
(5)将步骤(4)制得的纺丝液放入干法纺丝机中,在50℃下保温脱泡处理4h后,以200m/min的卷绕速度进行干法纺丝,得到平均直径为15μm的凝胶原丝。
(6)将步骤(5)所得到的凝胶原丝在空气气氛中以5℃/min升温速率升至800℃,保温1h以脱除原丝中水分、氯离子并氧化分解有机物,得到热解陶瓷纤维。
(7)将步骤(6)所得到的热解纤维在空气气氛中以100℃/min升温速率升至1400℃烧结,得到多晶二氧化钛基纤维。
实施例3
(1)在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入200ml三氯化锆水溶液(1mol/L) 和27g金属钛粉,加热回流12h,使铝粉完全溶解。冷却后,用滤纸过滤得到澄清的氧化锆溶胶。
(2)将11.18g正硅酸乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4)溶解于40ml无水乙醇中,加入10ml氨水溶液(1%),60℃水解24h后,加入稀盐酸调节 pH值为4,得到平均粒径为30nm的二氧化硅溶胶。
(3)将5g平均聚合度在1750,醇解度99%的聚乙烯醇溶解在 95g水中配置成5%的溶液,得到纺丝助剂。
(4)将步骤(1)所得到的二氧化钛溶胶与将步骤(2)所得到的二氧化硅溶胶搅拌混合后,再加入步骤(3)所得到的纺丝助剂55g,搅拌混合后在90℃下减压浓缩,得到粘度为52Pa·s的纺丝液。
(5)将步骤(4)制得的纺丝液放入干法纺丝机中,在50℃下保温脱泡处理4h后,以200m/min的卷绕速度进行干法纺丝,得到平均直径为15μm的凝胶原丝。
(6)将步骤(5)所得到的凝胶原丝在空气气氛中以5℃/min升温速率升至800℃,保温1h以脱除原丝中水分、氯离子并氧化分解有机物,得到热解陶瓷纤维。
(7)将步骤(6)所得到的热解纤维在空气气氛中以100℃/min升温速率升至1400℃烧结,得到多晶氧化锆基纤维。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下列步骤∶1)制备A组分溶胶;2)制备二氧化硅溶胶;3)将A组分溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶混合,得双相溶胶,并添加纺丝助剂;4)将添加助剂后的双相溶胶浓缩,干法纺丝,得凝胶纤维;5)将凝胶纤维热解,得陶瓷纤维;6)将陶瓷纤维烧结,得连续陶瓷纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述A组分包括金属氧化物,优选为氧化铝、二氧化钛和氧化锆中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述A组分为氧化铝。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,制备A组分溶胶是通过金属和金属盐的水溶液反应,回流,直至金属溶解完全,过滤即得到澄清的A组分溶胶。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,金属∶金属盐摩尔比例为1~9∶1,金属盐的水溶液的浓度为0.2~2.8mol/L,回流的温度为90~120℃,回流的时间为8~24h。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤2)中,制备二氧化硅溶胶是通过有机硅酸酯碱性水解获得,其中有机硅酸酯为硅酸甲酯、硅酸乙酯、硅酸丙酯或硅酸异丙酯中的至少一种,碱为脲、氨水、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、六次甲基四胺有机胺类中的至少一种,溶剂为可溶性醇类或酮类,可溶性醇类为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙酮、丁酮中的一种;按体积比,溶剂∶有机硅酸酯≥1,碱的浓度为0.1%~20%,水解的温度为室温至100℃之间,水解的时间为1~24h。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤3)中,双相溶胶的制备是通过A组分将溶胶和二氧化硅溶胶混合获得,碱性的二氧化硅溶胶预先添加酸将其pH值调为酸性;所述纺丝助剂为聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、部分水解的聚醋酸乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚马来酸中的至少一种,聚合度为1000~100000,按质量百分比,纺丝助剂的加入量为A组分溶胶的0.3%~12%。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤4)中,将添加助剂后的双相溶胶浓缩,脱除溶剂后得到粘度为10~1000Pa·s(25℃)的纺丝液;所述干法纺丝是将纺丝液放入干法纺丝机的纺丝液储罐中,经脱泡处理后,在20~80℃下以10~300m/min的卷绕速度进行干法纺丝,得到凝胶纤维。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于在步骤5)中,将凝胶纤维热解是在空气气氛中以1~10℃/min升温速率升至700~900℃,脱除凝胶纤维中的水分、阴离子,并氧化分解有机物,获得陶瓷纤维。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种连续陶瓷纤维的制备方法,其特征在于在步骤6)中,将陶瓷纤维烧结是以10~1000℃/min的速率升温到900~1600℃进行烧结。
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