CN110857468B - 借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法及产品 - Google Patents

借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法及产品 Download PDF

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CN110857468B
CN110857468B CN201910725568.2A CN201910725568A CN110857468B CN 110857468 B CN110857468 B CN 110857468B CN 201910725568 A CN201910725568 A CN 201910725568A CN 110857468 B CN110857468 B CN 110857468B
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陈冠维
郑宪清
魏伯任
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Fangjin Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法及产品，该方法包括下列步骤：制备金属玻璃粒子或液态合金粒子；以及令该金属玻璃粒子或液态合金粒子轰击于一基材表面以硬化该基材表面并于该基材表面上形成一金属玻璃或液态合金薄膜以保护该基材的表面而增加其抗腐蚀特性。

Description

借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法及产品
技术领域
本发明关于一种动能撞击方法，特别是一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法及产品。
背景技术
美国专利US 8,323,729公开一种制程以产制一金属构件，包括：先以压缩空气将粒子珠击(shot peening)于一包括铝合金的金属材料表面以赋予该金属构件的抗疲乏特性；再进行化学转化处理，于该珠击后的金属材料表面形成一薄膜以赋予该金属构件的抗腐蚀特性。
为同时赋予该金属材料的抗疲乏特性及抗腐蚀特性，必须进行两步骤，即金属材料表面先予珠击，然后进行化学转化处理于珠击后的表面形成一保护薄膜。
如此一来，便增加了金属构件的制作成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法及产品，能够增加材料表面的硬度，提升其抗疲乏特性，增进其抗破裂韧性(Anti-fracturetoughness)，以及增进其抗腐蚀特性。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法，其包括下列步骤：
A、制备金属玻璃粒子或液态合金粒子；以及
B、令该金属玻璃粒子或液态合金粒子轰击于一基材的表面以硬化该基材的表面并于该基材的表面上形成一金属玻璃薄膜或液态合金薄膜。
可选地，该金属玻璃粒子是于一真空熔炉中令一金属玻璃材料熔融，然后迅速冷却、雾化以形成的金属玻璃粒子。
可选地，将金属玻璃粒子轰击于该基材的轰击包括：
高压轰击：于压力为5~15巴的高压气体的驱动下，将金属玻璃粒子轰击于该基材的表面以硬化该基材的表面；以及
低压轰击：于压力为0.1~5巴的低压气体的驱动下，以金属玻璃粒子继续轰击该基材的表面。
可选地，还包括：自该真空熔炉所制得的金属玻璃粒子加以收集、分成多个粒径等级。
可选地，该粒径等级包括：5~10微米、10~20微米、20~50微米、50~100微米或100~300微米的其中至少一种。
本发明还提供一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击并同时形成薄膜的基材产品，其是前述的借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法加以制造的。
附图说明
图1本发明方法的动能撞击示意图。
图2依本发明方法于基材进行表面处理后的断面示意图。
图中：
1…金属玻璃粒子；
11…喷嘴或喷枪；
10…金属玻璃薄膜；
2…基材；
21…硬化区。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。依本发明须提供金属玻璃或液态合金的粒子(particles)，再于一基材(最好是一工件或工程结构物的金属基材或合金基材)上进行珠击(shot peening)，且于该基材表面上形成一薄膜。
本发明方法包括下列步骤：制备金属玻璃粒子： 制备一金属玻璃或液态合金的原枓，其中形成该金属玻璃的元素的原子百分比须予调整到一适当的百分比。将该金属玻璃原料放入一真空熔炉中加以熔融，然后使用超音速气体或高速流体迅速加以冷却并雾化以产生金属玻璃粒子。将所得金属玻璃粒子收集、分类为多个等级，例如：5~10微米，10~20微米，20~50微米，50~100微米及100~300微米等等的其中至少一种。粒子的粒径愈小，该基材所受珠击的表面将更呈细微，与致密。
以金属玻璃粒子轰击(bombardment)于基材上： 如图1所示，将金属玻璃粒子1轰击于基材2的表面。金属玻璃粒子于一驱动气体的压力下通过一喷嘴或喷枪11射出，以其动能轰击于基材表面，使基材表面硬化并使基材的凹凸或粗糙表面圆润化(smoothen)。实质上，如图2所示，该基材2的上表面被轰击后形成一硬化区21，于金属玻璃粒子1持续对该基材表面轰击的情况下，上述的凹凸、粗糙表面续被轰击而下的金属玻璃粒子1所圆润化，终于使该硬化区21的表面形成一金属玻璃薄膜10。如此一来，由于该硬化区21的形成可增进基材的硬度、抗疲乏特性、抗破裂韧性，而于表面再形成金属玻璃薄膜10后，如虎添翼，更增进该基材的抗腐蚀特性。本发明能同时增进基材的硬度及抗腐蚀特性，实优异于现有技术。
上述以金属玻璃粒子轰击基材乙步骤实际上可再加以分成两个“次步骤”，即：
高压轰击：金属玻璃粒子轰击基材表面于压力为5~15巴(bar)的高压气体的驱动下，以每秒至少10米的速度来进行该轰击作业，由是产生硬化但稍呈粗糙的基材表面。
低压轰击：继续对基材表面进行金属玻璃粒子的轰击，但此时压力调至0.1~5 bar的低压，经此低压轰击后会产生圆润光亮且抗腐蚀的基材表面有如抛光的基材表面。
经过上述多种轰击，该基材的表面除增加硬度外并快速覆置一薄金属玻璃膜，赋予基材表面的抗腐蚀特性及圆顺的抛光外表。本发明能同时增加基材表面硬度及抗腐蚀特性，并显现亮丽的抛光外表。例如，以金属玻璃粒子轰击6061铝合金的基材，可使其表面纳米硬度增至23.41 GPa(吉帕)或换算为2212 Hv(维氏硬度)，此与未经金属玻璃粒子轰击的前述铝材相比较，未处理铝材的硬度仅为1.13 GPa (107 Hv)，可见本发明就表面硬度而言显然大幅提升。而将金属玻璃粒子轰击于高速钢模表面后，可将其表面纳米硬度由7.06GPa (667 Hv)增至22.03 GPa (2082 Hv)。而上述经轰击且形成薄膜表面的基材经置于空气中三周后仍未见锈蚀的现象(表面不形成氧化物层)。
本发明优异传统珠击法，而具有以下优点：
1、金属玻璃粒子可制作成真圆的形状，故于基材表面轰击时会产生滑润的抛光表面。
2、金属玻璃粒子具有高抗破裂强度，不易破裂而伤及加工物表面，且粒子可回收再用，降低制造成本，又富环保意义。
3、金属玻璃粒子有极高的硬度与密度，当其轰击基材时会增加其撞击的效果，故大增基材被撞击表面的硬度。
4、当金属玻璃粒子高速撞击基材时(如每秒10米或以上的速度)会因摩擦生热，当温度高于其玻璃转化温度(glass transition temperature, Tg)时，部份金属玻璃粒子因而熔融，而形成一薄膜粘附于基材表面，随即迅速冷却至室温而保持其非晶质(amorphous)特性。 由于此一金属玻璃薄膜形成于基材表面，使工件或结构物的基材表面具有良好的抗腐蚀特性。故一举两得，通过本发明方法不仅增加基材表面的硬度，且提升其抗腐蚀特性，不必额外再进行表面防蚀处理的加工程序，而大降制造成本。
由于本发明的方法，当金属玻璃粒子轰击或撞击于基材表面时，不仅增加基材表面的硬度，同时也因在基材表面形成一金属玻璃的薄膜而能保护基材表面，而可增进其防蚀效果，使整个基材增加硬度，又增加抗疲乏特性以及抗破裂韧性(anti-fracturetoughness)。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
A、制备金属玻璃粒子；以及
B、令该金属玻璃粒子轰击于一基材的表面以硬化该基材的表面并于该基材的表面上形成一金属玻璃薄膜；
所述轰击包括：高压轰击：于压力为5~15巴的高压气体的驱动下，以每秒至少10米的速度将金属玻璃粒子轰击于该基材的表面以产生硬化且粗糙的该基材的表面；以及
低压轰击：于压力为0.1~5巴的低压气体的驱动下，以金属玻璃粒子继续轰击该基材的表面，以产生圆润光亮且抗腐蚀的基材表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法，其特征在于，该金属玻璃粒子是于一真空熔炉中令一金属玻璃材料熔融，然后冷却、雾化以形成的金属玻璃粒子。
3.如权利要求2所述的借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法，其特征在于，还包括：自该真空熔炉所制得的金属玻璃粒子加以收集、分成多个粒径等级。
4.如权利要求3所述的借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法，其特征在于，该粒径等级包括：5~10微米、10~20微米、20~50微米、50~100微米、100~300微米的其中至少一种。
5.一种借金属玻璃粒子轰击并同时形成薄膜的基材产品，其特征在于，是通过权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的借金属玻璃粒子轰击基材并同时形成薄膜的方法加以制造的。
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