CN110835569B - 一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法,涉及煤炭燃前脱硫领域。本发明以SC‑CO2加氢技术为核心工艺,对煤中有机硫进行脱除,将流体在超临界状态下特殊的渗透溶解能力和加氢的催化反应提高反应速率相结合,使氢气与超临界流体完全混溶,有选择性的分离和溶解煤中的有机物质,实现有机硫脱除。超临界流体选用CO2,H2在大多数有机溶剂中溶解度很低,但与超临界流体完全混溶。本发明所提供的方法能够实现对煤中有机硫和无机硫的大幅度脱除,有机硫能够脱除30%,无机硫能够脱出80%,而且整套工艺成本较低,其临界条件容易达到,低毒,安全,价格便宜,流程简单,操作方便,容易实现温度、压力和时间的控制,适合大型工业化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及煤炭燃前脱硫领域,具体为一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法。
背景技术
煤炭在生产和使用过程中带来的环境污染问题一直备受关注的问题。煤中含硫物质在燃烧过程中,向大气释放高浓度的SO2等有害气体,而硫化物又是酸雨的主要来源。因此对于煤炭燃前脱硫技术研究亟待解决。
煤中无机硫可以利用物理方法进行有效脱除,重选脱灰的过程也伴随着无机硫的脱除。但是有机硫成分复杂,既有硫醚、硫醇类脂肪结构类硫,也有噻吩类,砜及亚砜类共轭结构类硫,目前脱硫方法如物理洗选技术,虽然应用广泛经济,但只能脱除无机硫;生物和化学方法能脱除无机硫,但也只能脱除部分脂肪类有机硫,对大分子共轭结构类硫脱除效果并不显著,而且生产成本昂贵,距工业应用还有较大差距,在一些添加固硫剂的方法中,还应考虑化学试剂对煤质本身的影响和改变,并增加后续脱除该试剂的环节,工艺较为复杂;煤的气化和液化还有待进一步研究完善,技术不够成型。然而随着煤密度的增大,硫醚、硫醇脂肪结构类有机硫含量降低,噻吩类及(亚)砜类有机硫含量增加,使脱有机硫难度进一步加大。目前燃前脱硫领域所采用的方法存在如下问题:(1)无法实现对煤中有机硫有效脱除;(2)工艺复杂,成本昂贵,无法实现大型工业化;(3)一些方法采用固硫剂对煤处理过程中会改变煤的煤质特性,或脱除硫分后对再对所用药剂再次脱除,过程复杂。故如何有效脱除煤中复杂成分有机硫是亟待解决的重要难题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决煤中复杂成分有机硫的脱除问题,提供了一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法。
SC-CO2技术是超临界流体技术应用最成熟的技术,可用于物质的提取和浓缩。而CO2超临界提取的最佳流体。H2在大多数有机溶剂中溶解度很低,但与超临界流体完全混溶,从而使反应速率比传统液相反应中更加迅速。本发明利用SC-CO2加氢技术对煤脱除有机硫,经过此工艺处理,能有效脱除有机硫、无机硫,并大幅度降灰。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的:一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原样预处理:将煤样破碎至一定粒度;
(2)排除釜体空气及杂质:打开萃取釜进、出口阀门与超临界流体储存容器连接,用超临界CO2流体流通循环整个闭路系统,并通过副泵携带乙醇清洗管路,关闭萃取釜出口阀门,保证气密性完好;
(3)超临界CO2加氢试验:将步骤(1)所得的煤样加入混合器中,开动搅拌,加CO2至固定温度和压力,同时打开微调器,使CO2压力一定,控制一定的流速,在确定不同温度和压力的溶解度基础上,进行超临界CO2中催化加氢反应,并在混合器中充分搅拌;
(4)脱硫实验:混合反应物进入萃取釜,调温调压,控制萃取釜中温度和混合器中一致,打开微调阀,使超临界CO2的混合气以一定的流速通过萃取釜,进入分离釜,待CO2和H2与产物分离后,沉淀产物进入收集器中收集,CO2和H2通过空气压缩泵压入混合器,确保CO2和H2不受损失,同时补充一定H2压力,使H2压力保持稳定;
(5)产品后处理:从收集器中取出处理后的煤样,用去离子水清洗,并加热烘干,制样并进行煤质测试。
本发明以SC-CO2加氢技术为核心工艺,对煤中有机硫进行脱除,将流体在超临界状态下特殊的渗透溶解能力和加氢的催化反应提高反应速率相结合,使氢气与超临界流体完全混溶,有选择性的分离和溶解煤中的有机物质,实现有机硫脱除。超临界流体选用CO2,超临界CO2流体具有黏度小,传质性好,扩散性和可压缩性好等特点,对极性较强溶剂有较好的溶解能力,同时可溶解大量氢气,非常高效的形成甲酸,组成均相的混合体系。H2是经常与液体物质和固体催化剂相混合,反应中涉及到多种界面传质阻力,H2在大多数有机溶剂中溶解度很低,但与超临界流体完全混溶,可提高反应速率。SC-CO2加氢工艺流程,主要是通过温度和压力的调节,有机溶质在超临界流体中的溶解度与超临界流体的密度有关,而温度和压力共同决定混合流体的密度,通过改变温度和压力条件,利用混合流体在超临界状态的特殊能力有选择性的溶解和分离所脱除的物质,而且在步骤(4)中,在煤中有效脱除有机硫的同时,无机硫也在大幅度下降。
优选的,步骤(1)中的煤样粒度为1-3mm或3-6mm,使煤样与超临界流体有更充分的接触。
优选的,步骤(4)中调节温度与压力的范围,将混合气体加温及加压到临界点以上,温度在35-40℃内,压力在7-10Mpa内,并在超临界CO2流体中加H2。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明所提供的一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法,利用超临界流体的特殊性质,可高浓度混合H2等气体,使取决于气体浓度的反应速率提高,并具备高的扩散和渗透性能,实现产物分离。优点如下:第一:能够实现对煤中有机硫和无机硫的大幅度脱除,有机硫能够脱除30%,无机硫能够脱出80%;第二:以超临界CO2为反应介质,结合超临界流体的特殊性能,具有高溶解能力,可高浓度混合H2等气体,同时具有高扩散性,能够改善扩散控制的反应速率,有效实现超临界CO2中加氢反应分离一体化;第三:超临界CO2加氢技术脱硫,比与其他催化剂方法脱硫,其活性组分分散的更加均匀,XRD分析未出现活性组分的特征峰,并在TEM结果中活性组分未出现团聚现象;第四:工艺简单,容易实现对温度和压力的控制,通过改变温度和压力,使流体物性发生连续变化,改变反应的活性和选择性,简化产物分离;第五:成本较低,其临界条件容易达到,低毒,安全,价格便宜,也可循环使用,可以实现大型工业化;第六:一些方法采用脱硫助剂对煤处理过程中会改变煤的煤质特性,或脱除硫分后对再对所用药剂再次脱除,过程复杂,而本方法中CO2,H2对产品无污染,无残留,不需要后续处理。
附图说明
图1为本发明的煤中有机硫脱除方法的设备流程图。
图2为本发明的煤中有机硫脱除方法的工艺流程图。
图中标记如下:1-冷阱,2,3-计量泵,4-压缩机,5-混合器,6-萃取釜,7-分离釜,8-转子流量计,9-微调阀,10-超级恒温槽,11-气压表,12-收集器。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原样预处理:将原煤经过破碎机破碎至一定粒度,煤样粒度为1-3mm或3-6mm,;
(2)排除釜体空气及杂质:打开萃取釜进、出口阀门与超临界流体储存容器连接,用超临界CO2流体流通循环整个闭路系统,并通过副泵携带乙醇清洗管路,关闭萃取釜出口阀门,保证气密性完好;
(3)超临界CO2加氢试验:将步骤(1)所得的煤样加入混合器中,开动搅拌,加CO2至固定温度和压力,同时打开微调器,使CO2压力一定,控制一定的流速,在确定不同温度和压力的溶解度基础上,进行超临界CO2中催化加氢反应,并在混合器中充分搅拌;
(4)脱硫实验:混合反应物进入萃取釜,调温调压,控制萃取釜中温度和混合器中一致,打开微调阀,使超临界CO2的混合气以一定的流速通过萃取釜,进入分离釜,待CO2和H2与产物分离后,沉淀产物进入收集器中收集,CO2和H2通过空气压缩泵压入混合器,确保CO2和H2不受损失,同时补充一定H2压力,使H2压力保持稳定;调节温度与压力的范围,将混合气体加温及加压到临界点以上,温度在35-40℃内,压力在7-10Mpa内;
(5)产品后处理:解除气路连接,冷却降温,从收集器中取出处理后的煤样,用去离子水清洗,并加热烘干,制样并进行煤质测试。
根据反应后数据与原样数据的对比,煤中硫分和灰分明显下降,粘结性和发热量基本不变,说明在有效分离了有机硫的同时,该方法对原本煤质并不影响。
本发明要求保护的范围不限于以上具体实施方式,而且对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明可以有多种变形和更改,凡在本发明的构思与原则之内所作的任何修改、改进和等同替换都应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)原样预处理:将煤样破碎至一定粒度;
(2)排除釜体空气及杂质:打开萃取釜进、出口阀门与超临界流体储存容器连接,用超临界CO2流体流通循环整个闭路系统,并通过副泵携带乙醇清洗管路,关闭萃取釜出口阀门,保证气密性完好;
(3)超临界CO2加氢试验:将步骤(1)所得的煤样加入混合器中,开动搅拌,加CO2至固定温度和压力,同时打开微调器,使CO2压力一定,控制一定的流速,在确定不同温度和压力的溶解度基础上,进行超临界CO2中催化加氢反应,并在混合器中充分搅拌;
(4)脱硫实验:混合反应物进入萃取釜,调节温度与压力的范围,将混合气体加温及加压到临界点以上,温度在35-40℃内,压力在7-10Mpa内,并在超临界CO2流体中加H2,控制萃取釜中温度和混合器中一致,打开微调阀,使超临界CO2的混合气以一定的流速通过萃取釜,进入分离釜,待CO2和H2与产物分离后,沉淀产物进入收集器中收集,CO2和H2通过空气压缩泵压入混合器,确保CO2和H2不受损失,同时补充一定H2压力,使H2压力保持稳定;
(5)产品后处理:从收集器中取出处理后的煤样,用去离子水清洗,并加热烘干,制样并进行煤质测试。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用超临界流体加氢反应脱除煤中有机硫的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的煤样粒度为1-3mm或3-6mm。
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