CN110818471A

CN110818471A - Organic granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110818471A
Application number: CN201911219236.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄渊淼; 杨旭忠; 韩红利; 王燕英; 巴战生; 安青
Original assignee: Gansu Tianzhishan Ecological Agricultural Technology Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Gansu Tianzhishan Ecological Agricultural Technology Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-03
Filing date: 2019-12-03
Publication date: 2020-02-21

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic granular fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and solves the problems that the existing organic granular fertilizer preparation technology generates waste gas, pollutes the environment and increases the production cost. The invention comprises an organic granular fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of taking sheep manure, ammoniated humic acid and monoammonium phosphate as fermentation raw materials, mixing the raw materials, putting the mixture into a fermentation container, adding biological bacteria and water, and fermenting for 15 days under the irradiation of sunlight; mixing the fermented raw materials with clay, adding water to adjust the water content to be, and pouring the mixture into a granulator for granulation; opening a heating device of the drying field for preheating, and uniformly scattering the organic granular fertilizer obtained by granulation in the drying field, wherein the water content of the granular fertilizer is less than or equal to 30 percent, thus obtaining the product. The invention has the advantages of reducing atmospheric pollution, saving energy and reducing cost.

Description

Organic granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer manufacturing, in particular to an organic granular fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which are used for preparing the organic granular fertilizer in an environment-friendly way.

Background

The organic fertilizer is prepared by compounding specific functional microorganisms and animal and plant residues serving as raw materials after harmless treatment and decomposition. The organic fertilizer has complete nutrient elements, can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil after being applied, and enhances the water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and fertilizer-supplying capabilities of the soil. Beneficial microorganisms in the organic fertilizer enter the soil and then form a symbiotic proliferation relation with microorganisms in the soil, so that harmful bacteria are inhibited from growing and are converted into beneficial bacteria, the beneficial bacteria generate a large amount of metabolites in the growth and propagation processes, and various nutrients and irritant substances can be directly or indirectly provided for crops to promote the growth of the crops; the organic fertilizer has the effects of improving the porosity of soil, permeability and exchangeability and survival rate of plants, and increasing beneficial bacteria, soil microorganisms and population; beneficial flora formed by the organic fertilizer on the root system of the crop can inhibit the propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria, enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crop, reduce the disease index of the continuous cropping crop, and greatly relieve continuous cropping obstacles after continuous application; the organic fertilizer can condition soil, activate the activity rate of microorganisms in the soil, overcome soil hardening, reduce water loss and evaporation, and has the functions of water retention and fertilizer retention, so that the yield of grain crops, economic crops, vegetables and fruits is increased; the organic fertilizer has the effect of improving the quality of agricultural products, so that the fruits are bright in color, regular in shape, mature and concentrated, the sugar content and the vitamin content of the melon agricultural products are improved, and the taste is good; the organic fertilizer can improve the agronomic characters of crops, so that the stems of the crops are thick and strong, the leaves are dark green, the flowering is advanced, the fruit yield is high, the fruit commodity is good, and the time of coming into the market is increased.

The existing organic granular fertilizer generally comprises four steps of raw material fermentation, granulation, moisture drying and collection in the production process, energy sources such as coal, biomass or natural gas are usually used for combustion to generate heat when moisture is dried, a large amount of waste gas is generated during combustion, and if the waste gas is directly discharged, the environmental pollution is caused; the cost is increased when the exhaust gas is treated. Therefore, a preparation method of the green and environment-friendly organic granular fertilizer needs to be invented.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the invention provides an organic granular fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the existing organic granular fertilizer preparation technology generates waste gas, pollutes the environment and increases the production cost.

The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:

an organic granular fertilizer, which is characterized in that: the main components are 300-650 kg of sheep manure or cow manure, 250-600 kg of ammoniated humic acid, 30-50 kg of monoammonium phosphate and 50-200 kg of clay or milk mud.

A preparation method of an organic granular fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) 300-650 kg of sheep manure or cow manure, 250-600 kg of ammoniated humic acid and 30-50 kg of monoammonium phosphate are used as fermentation raw materials and placed in a fermentation container for fermentation for 15-21 d;

(2) mixing the fermented raw materials obtained in the step (1) with 50-200 kg of clay or milk paste, adjusting the water content to 40%, and pouring the mixture into a granulator for granulation;

(3) and (3) opening a heating device of the drying field for preheating, uniformly scattering the organic granular fertilizer obtained by granulation in the step (2) in the drying field, carrying out hot drying at the temperature of 60 ℃, drying the granular fertilizer under the irradiation of sunlight for 30min under the double actions of hot drying and drying, and obtaining the product when the moisture content of the granular fertilizer is less than or equal to 30%.

Further, an aerobic composting fermentation technology is adopted during fermentation in the step (1), and the fermentation steps are as follows:

(1) early-stage fermentation: mixing a filling agent with the fermentation raw material, adding biological bacteria with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.3%, placing the mixture in a fermentation field, controlling the temperature at 60-70 ℃, controlling the water content of the raw material at 50-60%, and fermenting under a ventilation condition;

(2) and (3) after-fermentation: the fermentation raw materials are turned and thrown in an intermittent circulation mode through a turner, the water content is controlled to be 35%, and fermentation is carried out under the ventilation condition.

Furthermore, the filling agent is straw, mushroom residue or a mixture of the straw and the mushroom residue, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation raw material is adjusted to be 20: 1-30: 1.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. when the existing organic granular fertilizer is dried in the preparation process, energy sources such as coal, biomass or natural gas are used for combustion to generate heat, a large amount of waste gas is generated during combustion, and if the waste gas is directly discharged, the environmental pollution is caused; the cost is increased when the exhaust gas is treated. According to the invention, the granular fertilizer is placed in the drying field, and the drying work can be completed within a short time by utilizing stronger ultraviolet rays in the northwest high-altitude area.

2. Compared with the traditional inorganic fertilizer, the sheep manure contains rich phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and organic matters, the sheep manure contains crude protein, crude fiber, calcium and soluble sugar after being fermented by adding biological bacteria, and the crude protein can be fermented to generate nitrogen, phosphorus and other element fat and cellulose required by plant growth, and the soil hardening can be effectively prevented after the fat and the cellulose are fermented; abundant soluble sugar is an essential condition for fermentation, so that the strain can be rapidly proliferated in the early stage of fermentation, and the fermentation efficiency is improved. The invention can not only provide a large amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium to ensure the growth of crops, but also prevent soil acidification.

3. The raw materials adopted by the invention are all from natural biological resources, and the raw materials have low cost and are green and environment-friendly.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention in further detail. The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an organic granular fertilizer, which is prepared by the following specific steps:

(1) mixing 300kg of sheep manure, 600kg of ammoniated humic acid and 50kg of monoammonium phosphate serving as fermentation raw materials, putting the mixture into a fermentation container, mixing straws into the fermentation raw materials, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1, adding biological bacteria with the mass fraction of 0.3%, putting the mixture into a fermentation field, controlling the temperature at 65 ℃, the water content of the raw materials at 55%, fermenting for 2d under ventilation conditions, and then intermittently and circularly turning the fermentation raw materials by a turner, controlling the water content at 35%, fermenting for 15d under ventilation conditions;

(2) mixing the fermented raw materials obtained in the step (1) with 50kg of clay, adjusting the water content to 40%, and pouring the mixture into a granulator for granulation;

(3) and (3) opening a heating device of the drying field for preheating, uniformly scattering the organic granular fertilizer obtained by granulation in the step (2) in the drying field, carrying out hot drying at the temperature of 60 ℃, drying the granular fertilizer under the irradiation of sunlight, and obtaining the product, wherein the water content of the granular fertilizer is less than or equal to 30 percent under the double actions of hot drying and drying for 30 min.

Example 2

(1) mixing 592kg of sheep manure, 266kg of ammoniated humic acid and 33kg of monoammonium phosphate serving as fermentation raw materials, putting the mixture into a fermentation container, mixing mushroom residues into the fermentation raw materials, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding biological bacteria with the mass fraction of 0.2%, putting the mixture into a fermentation field, controlling the temperature at 65 ℃, the water content of the raw materials at 55%, fermenting for 2 days under ventilation conditions, and then intermittently and circularly turning the fermentation raw materials through a turning machine, controlling the water content at 35%, fermenting for 15 days under ventilation conditions;

(2) mixing the fermented raw materials in the step (1) with 200kg of milk mud, adjusting the water content to 40%, and pouring the mixture into a granulator for granulation;

Example 3

(1) 642kg of cow dung, 322kg of ammoniated humic acid and 36kg of monoammonium phosphate are taken as fermentation raw materials, mixed and placed in a fermentation container, mushroom residues are mixed in the fermentation raw materials, the carbon nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 20:1, meanwhile, biological bacteria with the mass fraction of 0.1% are added, the mixture is placed in a fermentation field, the temperature is controlled at 65 ℃, the water content of the raw materials is controlled at 55%, fermentation is carried out for 2d under the ventilation condition, then the fermentation raw materials are turned and thrown intermittently and circularly by a turner, the water content is controlled at 35%, and the fermentation is carried out for 15d under the ventilation condition;

(2) mixing the fermented raw materials obtained in the step (1) with 100kg of milk mud, adjusting the water content to 40%, and pouring the mixture into a granulator for granulation;

And (3) carrying out yield increase and test effect analysis on the products obtained in the examples 1-3 in brown soil, medium soil and soil with medium fertility:

planting is about 30m²The tomatoes are respectively fertilized with conventional fertilizers, existing organic fertilizers and the organic granular fertilizers obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3, and are fertilized for 3 times in the growth period, wherein 100kg of fertilizers are fertilized every time, the conventional fertilizers are 75kg of potassium fertilizer, 7.5kg of phosphate fertilizer and 7.5kg of urea, the existing organic fertilizers are sheep manure organic fertilizers, and the obtained experimental data are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

And (4) conclusion: according to the data in the table 1, the acre yield of the organic granular fertilizer planted in the embodiments 1-3 is increased by 5.5%, 9.0% and 7.3% respectively compared with that of the organic granular fertilizer planted by using a conventional fertilizer, and the acre yield is obviously improved; compared with the existing planting method using the sheep manure organic fertilizer, the method increases the yield by 0%, 3.2% and 1.5%, and slightly improves the yield per mu.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the specification are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. An organic granular fertilizer, which is characterized in that: the main components are 300-650 kg of sheep manure or cow manure, 250-600 kg of ammoniated humic acid, 30-50 kg of monoammonium phosphate and 50-200 kg of clay or milk mud.

2. A preparation method of an organic granular fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:

3. The method for preparing an organic granular fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step (1) adopts an aerobic composting fermentation technology during fermentation, and the specific fermentation steps are as follows:

4. The method for preparing an organic granular fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the filler is straw, mushroom residue or a mixture of the straw and the mushroom residue, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation raw material is adjusted to be 20: 1-30: 1.