CN1821188A - Humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1821188A CN1821188A CN 200610041858 CN200610041858A CN1821188A CN 1821188 A CN1821188 A CN 1821188A CN 200610041858 CN200610041858 CN 200610041858 CN 200610041858 A CN200610041858 A CN 200610041858A CN 1821188 A CN1821188 A CN 1821188A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to farm fertilizer, and is especially one kind of green organic ammonium humate-phosphate fertilizer capable of raising the absorption capacity of crop on the nutritious elements in soil. The fertilizer consists of ammonium humate 10-45 wt%, nitrogen fertilizer 2-25 wt%, phosphate fertilizer 2-20 wt%, potash fertilizer 2-20 wt%, organic matter 10-50 wt% and medium and micro elements 2-6 wt%. It can improve soil, promote crop growth, raise the absorption capacity of crop on the nutritious elements in soil, raise fertilizer utilization rate, raise crop resistance, inhibit bacteria, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural fertilizer material, particularly a kind of green non-pollution humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer that can improve farm crop to nutritive element receptivity in the soil.
Background technology
Our ancestors are initially at agro-farming spy aspect does not have any scientific methods basically, is fully to comply with ground by the sky, and artificial way seldom causes to yield poorly down, and quality is not high, and nutrition does not more reach.To 20th century four the fifties country import the mineral manure of developed country, improved the output of farm crop, obtained the certain economic effect.Up to eight, the nineties, also be to execute mineral manure in a large number basically, such consequence at first is that the objectionable impurities of farm crop increases poor quality, hypotrophy; Next is a soil compaction, and the drought resisting cold tolerance is low, the water-retentivity extreme difference; Even more serious is that crop growthing development is bad, and economic benefit is not high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer, it can be improved the soil, stimulate plant growth, improve the receptivity of crop to nutritive element in the soil; Can improve various fertilizer utilization ratio, increase economic efficiency; Buffered acid soil, having improves the soil presses down the effect of salt; The effect of cold-resistant drought-resistant water-preserving is arranged; The rotten germ-resistant effect of pressing down is arranged.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer is characterized in that: it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: ammonium humate 10～45%; Nitrogenous fertilizer 2～25%; Phosphate fertilizer 2～20%; Potash fertilizer 2～20%; Organic 10～50%; In, the trace element 2～6%.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, carbon ammonium.
Described phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate.
Described potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar, Repone K.
Described organic matter is chicken manure, sheep excrement, pig manure, cow dung.
In described, trace element is copper, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, boron.
Described ammonium humate is: earlier feed coal is crushed to 80～120 orders, i.e. 0.08～0.2mm/pm, under 20～30 ℃, ammonia source weight ratio in humic acids content in the feed coal and directly ammonification in reaction tank is 6: 1 the ratio adding feed coal and the ammonia source of direct ammonification, stir, and controlled temperature is at 40～60 ℃; In 30～40 minutes reaction times, reaction back resultant was placed 24～168 hours; Stir granulating then, the reactant behind the granulating is placed in the stoving oven dry down, get product in 45～55 ℃.
The humic acids that dissociates in ammonia and the coal in the ammonifying process reacts, and generates ammonium humate.
The ammonia source of described direct ammonification is nitrogen ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, carbonated aqueous ammonia.
Characteristics of the present invention are: in view of traditional fertilizer and modern fertilizer have above shortcoming and gap, the present invention has thoroughly changed the deficiency of above-mentioned fertilizer, this kind fertilizer has the non-harmful effect of environmental protection after use, improve the soil, and stimulates the effect of plant growth; Can improve various fertilizer utilization ratio, reach economic effect; Buffered acid soil, having improves the soil presses down the effect of salt; The effect of cold-resistant drought-resistant water-preserving is arranged; The rotten germ-resistant effect of pressing down is arranged, and it has:
1, aboundresources is gathered materials on the spot; 2, production operation is simple for process; 3, production cost is low, the economic benefit height; 4, effect is complete, the utilization ratio height; 5, environmental protection, nuisanceless.
The present invention will be further described below by testing data.
The content of feed coal humic acids is very different with the humic acids that calcium, magnesium amount and various coal contain, but along with the metamorphic grade of coal increases, and present the variation of certain rule.In the more shallow coal of general metamorphic grade, it is higher and reduce along with the intensification of metamorphic grade to contain the humic acids amount.General requirement humic acids content is greater than 30%, and calcium, Mg content are less than 1%.Can directly make ammonium humate with this coal.Finished product is water-soluble greater than 15% after the ammoniumization.Volatile salt can be separated reaction under certain condition again and generate ammonium humate.
1. at first be the technology that the humic acids in the weathered coal is converted into ammonium humate: for the utilization ratio that improves coal and improve speed of response and the completeness of reaction, feed coal should be pulverized and be thin more good more.Its reason: globule size is directly related with speed of response.Coal amount and ammonia residual one timing, speed of response is directly proportional with the surface size that is in contact with one another.General requirement 0.08～0.2mm/pm promptly is advisable more than 60 orders.
2. the direct production process of ammonification
1. the direct ammonia source of ammonification: A nitrogen ammonia, B ammoniacal liquor, C carbonated aqueous ammonia.
Ammonia residual during 2. about ammonification: humic acids content is high more in the general raw coal, and the ammonification ratio of coal ought be low more; Coal particle size is more little, and adsorb ammonia is big more, and then the loss of ammonia-state nitrogen just can increase; If coal ammonia is than too high, although loss significantly reduces, the content of nitrogen also can reduce greatly in the finished product ammonium humate.Therefore the suitableeest coal ammonia ratio be 6: 1 suitable.
The humic acids that dissociates in ammonia and the coal in the ammonifying process reacts, and generates ammonium humate.
3. this is reflected at 20 ℃ and begins to carry out, in reaction tank, be that 6: 1 ratio adds feed coal and nitrogen ammonia in humic acids content in the feed coal and nitrogen ammonia weight ratio, stir, reaction is an exothermic process, temperature constantly rises and is controlled to 40 ℃, and the too high free ammonia volatilization loss that makes of temperature was reacted 30 minutes, reaction back resultant need be shelved 24 hours, made ammonification further perfect.
4. stir granulating then, the reactant behind the granulating is placed in the stoving oven dry down in 45 ℃, packing gets product.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiment accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the present embodiment process flow sheet.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the humic acid-ammonium phosphate fertilizer formula is: it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: ammonium humate 45%; Urea 10%; Calcium superphosphate 20%; Vitriolate of tartar 10%; Pig manure 10%; Iron, zinc each 2.5%.
Embodiment 1 ammonium humate is to be made by following technology, and as shown in Figure 1, because coal amount and ammonia residual one are regularly, speed of response is directly proportional with the surface size that is in contact with one another.General requirement 0.08～0.2mm/pm, promptly feed coal is advisable more than being crushed to 60 orders.Embodiment 1 is crushed to 80 orders with feed coal earlier, under 20 ℃, in reaction tank, be that 6: 1 ratio adds feed coal and nitrogen ammonia in humic acids content in the feed coal and nitrogen ammonia weight ratio, stir, reaction is an exothermic process, and temperature constantly rises, and controlled temperature is at 40 ℃, the too high free ammonia volatilization loss that makes of temperature, in 30 minutes reaction times, reaction back resultant was placed 24 hours; Make ammonification further perfect.Stir granulating then, the reactant behind the granulating is placed in the stoving oven dry down, get product in 45 ℃.
The humic acids that dissociates in ammonia and the coal in the ammonifying process reacts, and generates ammonium humate.
Also above-mentioned prescription can be mixed according to the above ratio, bank up 10 days, directly granulation is a phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer finished product.
Embodiment 2: the humic acid-ammonium phosphate fertilizer formula is: it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: ammonium humate 42%; Carbon ammonium 2%; Ammonium phosphate 2%; Repone K 2%; Chicken manure 50%; Copper, calcium each 1%.
The preparation method of ammonium humate is with embodiment 1, different is: earlier feed coal being crushed to 100 orders, under 25 ℃, in reaction tank is 6: 1 ratio adding feed coal and ammoniacal liquor in humic acids content in the feed coal and ammoniacal liquor weight ratio, stir, and controlled temperature is at 50 ℃; In 35 minutes reaction times, reaction back resultant was placed 120 hours; Stir granulating then, the reactant behind the granulating is placed in the stoving oven dry down, get product in 50 ℃.
Above-mentioned prescription is mixed according to the above ratio, banked up 12 days, directly granulation is a phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer finished product.This scheme is preferable storage period than embodiment 1 reaction back resultant, can make ammonification further perfect, but relative 1 production cycle of embodiment is long.
Embodiment 3: the humic acid-ammonium phosphate fertilizer formula is: it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: ammonium humate 10%; Urea 25%; Diammonium phosphate 10%; Repone K 20%; Sheep excrement, cow dung 29%; Magnesium, molybdenum, boron each 2%.
The preparation method of ammonium humate is with embodiment 1, different is: earlier feed coal being crushed to 120 orders, under 30 ℃, in reaction tank is 6: 1 ratio adding feed coal and carbonated aqueous ammonia in humic acids content in the feed coal and carbonated aqueous ammonia weight ratio, stir, and controlled temperature is at 60 ℃; In 40 minutes reaction times, reaction back resultant was placed 168 hours; Stir granulating then, the reactant behind the granulating is placed in the stoving oven dry down, get product in 55 ℃.
Phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer prescription is mixed according to the above ratio, banked up 15 days, directly granulation is a phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer finished product.
This scheme is than embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 resultant of reaction the bests storage period, and ammonifying process can be further perfect, and the time of banking up of fertilizer is also relatively long, can make the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer reach best, but the relative such scheme production cycle is long.
The beneficial effect of phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer:
(1) effect of fertilizer
Facts have proved that the humic acid-ammonium phosphate fertilizer product is the good fertilizer of pollution-free food production.It has the characteristics of mineral manure and organic fertilizer concurrently.Be manured into soil the back except that nitrogen phosphorus nutrient is provided for crop, and also the multiple character because of humic acids produces various effects to plant and soil.Be that it can be improved the soil, stimulate plant growth, improve crop to the receptivity of nutritive element in the soil etc.
1. improve soil aggregate.Crumb structure mainly is the fresh humic acids of soil and the gelinite that the calcium ion in the soil interacts and forms.This gelinite is a kind of good cementing material, can form and meet firm that water is difficult for scattering soil particle cementation together.Suitable plant-growth or to be referred to as fertile soil usually must be the soil that crumb structure is arranged.Because crumb structure can be united the perviousness of water, absorptivity and guarantor's property held.Practice also proves again and again, all places of using humic acid-ammonium phosphate fertilizer, and it is soft that soil becomes, and proves that the soil aggregate situation improves to some extent.
2. the phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer has the effect of P and K decomposing, activated soil loam phosphorus.The Fe that exists in acid soil, Al ion can combine with the phosphate radical in the calcium superphosphate, generate water-fast tertiary iron phosphate and aluminum phosphate, and the phosphorus in the soil is fixed; Usually have a large amount of lime carbonate in alkaline soils, these calcium can make mono-calcium phosphate further be converted into Lin Suanergai, tricalcium phosphate, make phosphorus be difficult to be utilized by plant absorbing.After applying the phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer,, thereby can change the fixed condition of phosphorus in acid-basicity soil because humic acids has the effect of regulating soil acidity or alkalinity.
3. phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer spinosity swashs the effect of plant growth.The phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer is because have the humic acids of some amount, and the hormesis of plant growth is mainly shown as the promotion plant respiration, promotes the activation of enzyme and the metabolism of plant, promotes the several aspects such as absorption of plant to nutritive substance.
4. the phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer has the effect in buffering acid soil, improvement saltings.Causing acid soil that the tart reason is arranged is the acidic oxide that wherein has hydrogen ion and iron, aluminium.In this class soil, the mobility of microorganism weakens, and particularly uses behind the phosphate fertilizer and can form insoluble tertiary iron phosphate and aluminum phosphate, embarrasses the plant absorbing utilization.Execute after the phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer, humic acids and iron, aluminum ion reacting generating complex reduce them to Toxicity in Crops.
5. phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer, it belongs to atrament, and heat-absorbing action is arranged, and can improve ground temperature, strengthens the cold-resistant antifreeze ability of farm crop.Simultaneously some disease and pests also there is certain restraining effect.
Table one: phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonia final product quality technological standard
| Project | Technical indicator |
| Phosphorus (P 2O 5)％≥ | 4.0 |
| Nitrogen (N) % 〉= | 2.0 |
| Humic acids ammonia amount % 〉= | 9.50 |
| Total humic acid amount % 〉= | 15.0 |
| Moisture | 1 5.0 |
| Granularity | 65.0 |
| Granularity pressure degree (spherical) | 5 |
(2) humic acid-ammonium phosphate uses and fertilizer efficiency
The fertilizer efficiency of humic acid-ammonium phosphate effect of increasing production in other words is its multiple effect, such as increasing soil aggregate; Influence the potential of hydrogen of soil; Stimulate the net effect of available phosphorus in plant growth and the activating soil, rather than decide by its contained trace element merely.This also is that it is with the general different place of mineral manure.
1. humic acid-ammonium phosphate is than executing the effective of other Sodium salts humic acidss, potassium humate.The more superior part of humic acid-ammonium phosphate is because it has and can be available nitrogen, the rapid available phosphorus of plant absorbing, humic acids characteristic in addition, and effect is very obvious.
2. use the relation of soil and fertilizer efficiency: although humic acid-ammonium phosphate all adapts to multiple soil, all produce effect, because of its soil different: 1. discuss with soil acidity or alkalinity, under the identical condition of consumption, effect to neutral soil is best, and the effect of meta-alkalescence soil is taken second place, the acid soil extreme difference; 2. the opinion with the fertile soil degree, imposing on the lean soil ratio, to impose on rich soil effective.
3. use the relation of crop and fertilizer efficiency: the phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer shows effect to various crop: 1. the effect to wet crop is more obvious than the effect of dry crop, only the hormesis of competence exertion humic acids under the competent condition of moisture; 2. the effect to vegetables and fruits is very remarkable, when being used for vegetables, and phosphorus humic acid phosphorus aqueous ammonium preferably, effect will be got well than solid; 3. dry crop kind corn is the most responsive, and barley, soybean take second place.
4. the relation of rate of fertilizer application and fertilizer efficiency: humic acid-ammonium phosphate has direct effect to crop, and concentration is suitable, and the crop vitality is strengthened; Concentration is crossed conference and is suppressed the organic vitality of crop; Concentration is too small, and hormesis is little, DeGrain.The vegetables suitable concentration is 0.05～0.005%, middle concentration sensitive crop cereal, and adapting to concentration high slightly is 0.01～0.1%, it is insensitive that to make substrate concentration higher.
5. the relation of application process and fertilizer efficiency.Phosphorus humic acid phosphorus ammonium fertilizer application process mainly contains two kinds: the one, make base manure, and the 2nd, topdress.
1. base manure: supply with the best broadcast application in more competent area at moisture; Take ditch spread or spread manuer in holes better heavy saline and fruit crop, use because help the concentrated of seedling and fertilizer of carrying in saltings like this.But prevent undue concentration, in order to avoid burn crop.
2. topdress: the available filling of topdressing is executed or is watered and execute.Humic acid-ammonium phosphate is water-soluble, can be changed into when the aqueous solution is irrigated the fields to pour into, and more helps bringing into play the hormesis of this fertilizer.Spreading manuer in holes imposes on crop with other, effect also clearly, if tree etc.
The correlation data of listing below by table two is further elaborated the present invention.As can be seen from Table II: adopt traditional fertilizer and modern fertilizer and three of the present invention, the every per mu yield difference of farm crop, the present invention can make:
Table two (kilogram/every mu)
| Cotton | Vegetables | Fruit tree | Wheat | Corn | Watermelon | Peanut | Flue-cured tobacco | |
| Mineral manure | 100 | 3000 | 4000 | 400 | 500 | 5000 | 1200 | 1000 |
| Organic fertilizer | 110 | 3300 | 4320 | 430 | 520 | 5500 | 1360 | 1080 |
| The present invention | 130 | 4200 | 4800 | 460 | 600 | 6250 | 1560 | 1200 |
Cotton volume increase 20～30%; Vegetables volume increase 25～40%; Fruit tree volume increase 10～20%; Wheat increase yield 10～15%; Corn yield increasing 15～20%; Increasing yield of water melons 15～25%; Peanut yield increasing 15～30%; Flue-cured tobacco volume increase 15～20%.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer is characterized in that: it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: ammonium humate 10～45%; Nitrogenous fertilizer 2～25%; Phosphate fertilizer 2～20%; Potash fertilizer 2～20%; Organic 10～50%; In, the trace element 2～6%.
2, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, carbon ammonium.
3, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate.
4, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar, Repone K.
5, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organic matter is chicken manure, sheep excrement, pig manure, cow dung.
6, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described, trace element is copper, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, boron.
7, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ammonium humate is earlier feed coal to be crushed to 80～120 orders, i.e. 0.08～0.2mm/pm, under 20～30 ℃, ammonia source weight ratio in humic acids content in the feed coal and directly ammonification in reaction tank is 6: 1 the ratio adding feed coal and the ammonia source of direct ammonification, stir, and controlled temperature is at 40～60 ℃; In 30～40 minutes reaction times, reaction back resultant was placed 24～168 hours; Stir granulating then, the reactant behind the granulating is placed in the stoving oven dry down, get product in 45～55 ℃; The humic acids that dissociates in ammonia and the coal in the ammonifying process reacts, and generates ammonium humate:
8, a kind of humic acid-ammonium phosphate organic fertilizer according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the ammonia source of described direct ammonification is nitrogen ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, carbonated aqueous ammonia.
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