CN110786108A

CN110786108A - Synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine

Info

Publication number: CN110786108A
Application number: CN201911352123.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷小龙; 周中林; 任万军; 戴逸群; 邱旺聪; 刘礼阳
Original assignee: Sichuan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Sichuan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-25
Filing date: 2019-12-25
Publication date: 2020-02-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine which comprises a seed sowing device, a seed sowing distribution device, a seed sowing device bracket, a seed guiding pipe, a seed throwing pipe, a ditching device, a T-shaped bracket, a seedling transplanting box, seedling claws and a power device, wherein the seed sowing device is arranged on the seed sowing device; the seed metering device support is provided with a seed metering device, and the bottom of the seed metering device support is installed with the end part of the seedling transplanting box. And a seed metering distribution device is arranged at the bottom of the seed metering device. The matched synchronous direct seeding and seed raising machine for transplanting rice seedlings adopts a centralized seed metering technology, one seed metering device can efficiently finish 6 rows of seed metering operation, the structure of the machine is simplified, and the requirement on power is reduced; the seed metering wheel type hole cavity is designed according to the three-axis size and the involute principle of rice seeds, so that the rice precision seed metering is realized, the seed metering precision and the working efficiency are greatly improved, the seeds are saved, and the rice planting benefit is improved. The machine adopts modular design, has compact and simple integral structure, small and exquisite appearance, convenient installation and easy disassembly, and stable and reliable work.

Description

Synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding equipment, in particular to a synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine which is suitable for synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding.

Background

The rice is one of the main grain crops in China, and the planting area of the rice in China is 3200 more than ten thousand hm²The rice field planting area accounts for about 14 percent of the total cultivated land area in China and 20 percent of the rice planting area in the world. The total yield is 34% of the world, first in the world. In addition, the rice yield per mu in China is the first world. Such achievement can be achieved, and besides strict water and fertilizer supply and scientific planting management experience, the quality of the rice seeds plays a decisive role.

China has a leading position in hybrid rice breeding technology, so China has an indelible responsibility in continuously promoting the progress of the world hybrid rice breeding technology. In the process of hybrid rice breeding, the breeding speed determines the breeding efficiency. In the process of hybrid rice breeding, the female parent rice seeds are directly sown on the planted male parent seedlings to be attached. At present, agriculture in China faces a historical period of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and mechanization of rice breeding is an important component. The agricultural technical requirements of high yield, high efficiency and low consumption of the simplified operation machinery for completing rice breeding are urgent requirements of modern agricultural construction. At present, in the aspect of rice breeding at home and abroad, male parent seedlings are usually cultivated by artificial seedling raising or industrial seedling raising, then the male parent seedlings are planted in a breeding field by using an artificial or rice transplanter, and female parent seeds are directly sowed on two sides of the male parent seedlings after the male parent planting is finished. Such breeding mode has the problems of complex preparation work in the early stage, complex steps, high labor cost and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of high labor intensity, high labor cost, complicated operation links, low operation efficiency and the like of separation type breeding workers, the invention designs a synchronous rice transplanting and direct seeding breeding machine which can complete the functions of transplanting male parent rice seedlings, direct seeding of female parent rice seeds and the like at one time.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine which is characterized by comprising a seed metering device, a seed metering distribution device, a seed metering device bracket, a seed guide pipe, a ditching device, a T-shaped bracket, a seedling transplanting box, a seedling claw and a power device; a seed metering device is arranged on the seed metering device bracket, and the bottom of the seed metering device bracket is arranged with the bottom of the seedling transplanting box; a seed metering distribution device is arranged at the bottom of the seed metering device; the seed metering and distributing device is correspondingly connected with the ditching device through a seed guide pipe; 2 seed throwing pipes are arranged on a T-shaped bracket in a group, and the tail part of the T-shaped bracket is arranged at the tail end of the seedling transplanting box; the seedling claws are arranged on driving shafts which are symmetrical on two sides of the tail end of the seedling transplanting box, and 3 sets of the T-shaped supports are arranged in the middle of the tail end of the seedling transplanting box; the seedling transplanting box is arranged on the power device; the seed sowing device comprises a front side plate, a seed layer height adjusting plate, a seed filling chamber, a seed discharging plate, side plates, an arc bottom plate, a seed feeding port, a seed sowing combined wheel, a rear side seed protecting plate, a seed sowing device transmission shaft, a seed sowing device chain wheel and a seed box; the seed metering and distributing device is arranged below the seed throwing port, and the seed discharging plate is arranged below the side plate; the seed metering combined wheel consists of 6 seed metering wheels, the seed metering wheels adopt a design of a central square hole, and a seed protecting arc layer made of EVA is coated on the arc surface of the rear seed protecting plate; the transmission shaft of the seed sowing device is a regular hexagonal shaft, the 6 seed sowing wheels are inserted on the regular hexagonal transmission shaft, and the seed sowing wheels and the transmission shaft of the seed sowing device rotate along with the transmission chain wheel.

The power device comprises a multi-stage power chain wheel, and the transmission chain wheel is connected with the multi-stage power chain wheel through a chain; the seedling claw drives the seed sowing device to synchronously operate while transplanting rice, 6 rows of rice seeds are directly sown on the left side of the right 2-row mechanical seedling transplanting, so that the synchronous operation of rice transplanting and direct sowing is realized, and the transmission ratio of the power chain wheel and the transmission chain wheel is changed to be matched with the transmission of the seedling claw.

Further, seed metering wheel diameter is 80mm, and interval 60 evenly distributed has 6 seed metering type holes according to involute and parabola design on the excircle face, seed metering wheel includes type hole main part and involute form hole, and involute form hole includes type hole left wall, type hole cavity, type hole right wall, type hole cavity is according to breeding rice kind triaxial size design, type hole left wall and type hole right wall generate according to the involute principle, help the filling of rice seed, throw kind and realize smart volume seed metering.

Furthermore, the ditching device comprises a seed shooting pipe, a ditcher, a closed flower basket screw and a T-shaped support, wherein the top of the seed shooting pipe is connected with the seed guiding pipe, the bottom of the seed shooting pipe is connected with the ditcher through a hinge, the ditcher is designed in a plow-shaped structure, and the front inclination angle of the ditcher is adjusted between the ditcher and the seed shooting pipe through the closed flower basket screw.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the rice direct seeding system and the seedling planting system of the synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine provided by the invention run synchronously, so that the operation procedure is simplified, the working time is shortened, the breeding cost is reduced, and the breeding efficiency is improved. And the farmland structure is prevented from being damaged by excessive machines by fewer mechanical operation times.

2. The synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine is divided into a seed sowing device, a seed sowing device support, a power device and other systems, adopts modular design, and is compact and simple in overall structure, small in appearance, convenient to mount and dismount, and stable and reliable in work.

3. The power of the seed sowing device of the synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine is derived from the power device, a power system does not need to be added externally, and the whole structure is simplified. So that the maintenance is simpler.

4. The seed sowing device of the rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine is driven by a matched support multi-stage chain wheel, can adjust the seed sowing speed according to different agricultural requirements, and controls the sowing amount and the sowing distance.

5. The seed sowing wheel of the synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine adopts a modular design, and can realize 1-6 rows of seeding by matching the seed sowing wheel with the blank wheel according to the actual size requirement of a field plot. Flexible application, convenient and fast loading and unloading and strong adaptability.

6. The seed sowing wheel-shaped hole of the rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine adopts an involute design-shaped hole with slopes on two sides, and is favorable for seed filling and seed throwing. The design of the mode that 6 shaped holes are distributed on the outer circumference of the seed sowing wheel at equal intervals is beneficial to realizing the precise hole sowing of rice. The seed metering wheel type hole cavity is designed according to the three-axis size of rice seeds, so that the rice precision seed metering is realized, the seed metering device can adapt to the seed metering of different rice seeds, the seed metering precision and the working efficiency are greatly improved, the seeds are saved, and the rice planting benefit is improved.

7. The rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine provided by the invention adopts a centralized seed sowing technology, one seed sowing device can efficiently finish 6-row seed sowing operation, the machine structure is simplified, the requirement on power is reduced, the machine is suitable for being matched with all power machines, the machine can be suitable for narrow land operation in hilly mountain areas such as southwest and the like, the operation efficiency is high, the field operation transfer is flexible, and the sowing quality is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the mechanical seed sowing device for the synchronous rice transplanting, direct seeding and breeding of rice.

FIG. 3 is an internal cross-sectional view of the seed sowing device of the synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a mechanical seed-metering combined wheel for synchronous rice transplanting, direct seeding and breeding.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an involute-type hole of a seed metering wheel according to the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the furrow opener of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the power plant of the present invention.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.

The invention relates to a rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine which is characterized by comprising a seed sowing device 1, a seed sowing distribution device 2, a seed sowing device bracket 3, a seed guide pipe 4, a ditching device 5, a T-shaped bracket 6, a transplanting box 7, seedling claws 8 and a power device 9; install seed metering ware 1 on the seed metering ware support 3, seed metering ware support 3 bottom with the bolted connection is used to transplant seedling case 7 bottoms, seed metering distributor 2 is installed to seed metering ware 1 bottom, seed metering distributor 2 corresponds with seed-casting 51 through seed guide 4 and is connected, every 2 of ditching device 5 is installed on T shape support 6 for a set of, 6 afterbody of T shape support are installed at transplant seedling case 7 end, 1 is right the seedling claw 8 is installed in the terminal bilateral symmetry drive shaft of middle

transplant seedling case

7, 3 sets T shape support 6 is installed in the terminal middle part of all the other transplant seedling cases 7, transplant seedling case 7 and install power device 9 is last.

The seed sowing device 1 comprises a front side plate 11, a seed layer height adjusting plate 12, a seed filling chamber 13, a seed discharging plate 14, a side plate 15, an arc bottom plate 16, a seed feeding port 17, a seed sowing combined wheel 18, a rear side seed protecting plate 19, a seed sowing transmission shaft 110, a transmission chain wheel 111 and a seed box 112; the seed metering and distributing device 2 is arranged below the seed feeding port 17, and the seed discharging plate 14 is arranged below the side plate 15; the seed metering combination wheel 18 consists of 6 seed metering wheels 18a, the seed metering wheels 18a adopt a design of a central open hexagonal hole, and the arc surface of the rear side seed protecting plate 19 is coated with a seed protecting arc layer made of EVA material, and the arc layer not only plays an effective seed protecting role, but also can effectively prevent rice seeds from being crushed in the seed protecting process; the seed sowing transmission shaft 110 is a regular hexagonal shaft, the 6 seed sowing wheels 18a are inserted on the regular hexagonal transmission shaft 110, the seed sowing wheels 18a and the seed sowing transmission shaft 110 rotate together with a transmission chain wheel 111, and the transmission chain wheel 111 is installed at the tail end of the seed sowing transmission shaft 110.

The seed metering wheel 18a has 6 seed metering type holes 18b designed according to involute and parabola at an interval of 60 degrees on the outer circular surface, the seed metering wheel 18a comprises a type hole main body 18c and an involute-shaped hole 18b, the involute-shaped hole 18b comprises a type hole left wall surface 18d, a type hole cavity 18e and a type hole right wall surface 18f, the type hole cavity 18e is designed according to the three-axis size of the bred rice seeds, and the type hole left wall surface 18d and the type hole right wall surface 18f are generated according to the involute principle, so that the seed charging, the seed throwing and the precision seed metering of the rice seeds are facilitated.

The seed metering device bracket 3 comprises a seed metering device fixing platform 31, two end support rods 32, a middle support rod 33 and a stabilizing rod 34; the seed metering device fixing platform 31 is reserved with 4 screw holes, and the seed metering device 1 is stably fixed on the seed metering device fixing platform 31 through bolts; the seed metering device fixing platform 31 is fixed through 2 support rods 32 at two ends and 1 middle support rod 33.

The two end support rods 32 are connected to the two ends 311 of the rear edge of the seed metering device fixing platform 31, the middle support rod 33 is connected to the middle 312 of the front edge of the seed metering device fixing platform 31, and three points of the two ends 311 of the rear edge of the seed metering device fixing platform 31 and the middle 312 of the front edge of the seed metering device fixing platform 31 form an isosceles triangle, so that the seed metering device fixing platform 31 can be stably fixed; one end of the stabilizer bar 34, which is 20cm long, is welded at a position 15cm away from the bottoms of the two end support bars 32, the other end of the stabilizer bar is connected to a seedling box of the seedling transplanting machine through a bolt, and a triangle is formed at the bottoms of the two end support bars 32, so that the stable support of the seed sowing device fixing platform 31 is facilitated.

The ditching device 5 comprises a seed throwing pipe 51, a ditcher 52, a closed flower basket screw 53 and a T-shaped support 6, wherein the top of the seed throwing pipe 51 is connected with the seed guiding pipe 4, the bottom of the seed throwing pipe 51 is connected with the ditcher 52 through a hinge, the ditcher 52 is designed in a plow-shaped structure, the front inclination angle of the ditcher is adjusted between the ditcher 52 and the seed throwing pipe 51 through the closed flower basket screw 53, the ditching device is suitable for field operation containing stubbles or with different water contents, and the ditching quality effect and the later-stage field water management are guaranteed.

The inner diameters of the seed distributing ports of the seed discharging and distributing device 2, the seed guide pipe 4 and the seed feeding pipe 51 are 16 mm.

The power device 9 comprises a driving system 91, a travelling wheel 92, a supporting chassis 93, a seat 94, a rear boss 95, a connecting frame 96 and a power chain wheel 97; the driving system 91 controls the operation speed of the synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine, the walking wheels 92 are mounted below the supporting chassis 93, the seats 94 and the rear bosses 95 are mounted above the supporting chassis 93, and the rear part of the supporting chassis 93 is connected with the rice transplanting box 7 through the connecting frame 96. The power of the power chain wheel 97 comes from the power device itself, no external power source is needed, and the power chain wheel 97 drives the rotation of the transmission chain wheel 111 through a chain to provide power for the seed sowing device.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: as shown in figure 1, the invention mainly comprises a seeding system and a ditching system, wherein a transplanter is used as power, and a machine tool is arranged above a seedling transplanting box 7 through a seed sowing device bracket 3. The core component of the seeding system is a seeding device 1, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, before operation, rice seeds are loaded into a seed box 112, and the rice seeds enter a seed filling chamber 13 of the seeding device 1; when the rice transplanter works in the field, the power chain wheel 97 arranged on the rice transplanting box 7 rotates synchronously with the rice claw 8, the chain drives the seed sowing chain wheel 111 to drive the seed sowing transmission shaft 110 to synchronously run along with the rice claw 8, the seed sowing transmission shaft 110 drives the seed sowing combination wheel 18 to rotate, and meanwhile, the seed stirring driving chain wheel 111a on the seed sowing transmission shaft drives the seed stirring driven chain wheel 114 through chain transmission, so as to drive the seed stirring device 10 to rotate; when the seed discharging holes 18b of each row on the seed discharging combined wheel 18 rotate to the seed filling chamber 13, the double-helix seed stirring device 10 rotates to perform disturbance action on the seed layers in the seed filling chamber 13, the seed filling of 6 seed discharging holes 18b is completed in the seed filling area, and the rice seeds pass through the seed carrying area to reach the seed protecting area 19a along with the rotation of the seed discharging combined wheel 18; the rice seeds are pressed and protected on the seed-metering holes 18b under the pressure protection effect of the rear seed-protecting plate 19, and when reaching the seed-throwing port 17, the rice seeds are discharged from the seed-metering holes 18b under the combined effect of gravity and centrifugal force without the pressure protection effect of the rear seed-protecting plate 1510; the discharged rice seeds enter the seed metering and distributing device 2, and respectively fall into 6 corresponding seed guiding pipes 4 under the distributing action of the seed metering and distributing device 2, and the rice seeds enter a seed feeding pipe 51 of the ditching device under the guiding action of the seed guiding pipes 4 and fall into a seed ditch formed by a ditcher 52, so that the synchronous operation of rice transplanting and direct seeding is completed. As the seeding holes 18b are uniformly distributed on the seeding combination wheel 18 in rows at equal intervals of 60 degrees, under the pressure protection action of the rear seed protection plate 19, the rice seeds rotate along with the seeding wheel 18 to be fed at intervals, and the feeding intervals are consistent, thereby realizing the consistency of the seeding hole distances of each row; according to the agricultural technical requirements of rice seeding, the row spacing of rice seeding can be adjusted by adjusting the distance of the T-shaped support 6, as shown in fig. 7, the forward inclination angle of the furrow opener 52 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the closed flower basket screw 53, the furrow opener is suitable for field operation containing stubbles or different water contents, and the furrow opening quality effect and the later field water management are ensured; the power device 9 comprises a multi-stage power chain wheel 97, and the transmission chain wheel 111 is connected with the multi-stage power chain wheel 97 through a chain; the seedling claw 8 drives the seed sowing device 1 to synchronously operate while transplanting rice seedlings, 6 rows of rice seeds are directly sown at the left side of the right 2-row mechanical seedling transplanting, so that the synchronous operation of rice transplanting and direct sowing is realized, and the transmission ratio of the power chain wheel 97 and the transmission chain wheel 111 is changed to be matched with the transmission of the seedling claw 8.

The invention has the following specific implementation effects: the invention overcomes the defects of high labor intensity, high labor cost, complicated operation link, low operation efficiency and the like of separating breeding workers, can complete the transplanting of male parent rice seedlings at one time and synchronously complete the direct seeding of female parent rice seeds by applying the seed sowing device suitable for direct seeding of rice and the basic power device suitable for operation in paddy field environment, can adjust the seeding quantity, the hole distance and the seeding speed of the rice seedlings and the rice seeds, can effectively improve the mechanization level of rice breeding, and has obvious innovativeness and obvious advantages in the structure and the implementation effect of the seed sowing device of the rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine.

TABLE 1 field sowing performance test results of synchronous rice transplanting direct seeding breeding machine

As can be seen from Table 1, the average seeding rate per hole is 4.46 grains/hole, the seeding rate per hole is 70.83% at 3-5 grains, 4.17% at a rate lower than 3 grains/hole and 25.00% at a rate higher than 5 grains/hole; the average hole diameter is 4.38 cm/hole, the proportion of the hole diameter in the range of 3-5 cm is 72.92%, the proportion below 3cm is 8.33%, and the proportion above 5cm is 18.75%; the average hole distance is 11.95 cm/hole, the proportion of the hole diameter between 11cm and 13cm is 75.00 percent, the proportion of the hole diameter below 11cm is 14.58 percent, the proportion of the hole diameter above 13cm is 10.42 percent, and the requirement of direct seeding and sowing of rice can be met. Meanwhile, 2 rows of rice seedlings are matched to complete the seedling raising operation of direct seeding of the rice seedlings.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited, and modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The invention discloses a synchronous rice transplanting and direct seeding machine of a synchronous rice transplanting and direct seeding machine, which is characterized by comprising a seed sowing device (1), a seed sowing distribution device (2), a seed sowing device bracket (3), a seed guide tube (4), a ditching device (5), a T-shaped bracket (6), a seedling transplanting box (7), a seedling claw (8) and a power device (9); a seed sowing device (1) is arranged on the seed sowing device support (3), and the bottom of the seed sowing device support (3) and the bottom of the seedling transplanting box (7) are arranged together; a seed metering distribution device (2) is arranged at the bottom of the seed metering device (1); the seed metering and distributing device (2) is correspondingly connected with the ditching device (5) through a seed guide pipe (4); 2 seed-feeding pipes (51) of the ditching device (5) are arranged on a T-shaped support (6) in a group, and the tail parts of 3 sets of T-shaped supports (6) are respectively provided with the tail ends of 3 pairs of seedling transplanting boxes (7); 1 pair of the seedling claws (8) are arranged on symmetrical driving shafts at two sides of the tail end of a seedling transplanting box (7), and the seedling transplanting box (7) is arranged on the power device (9);

the seed metering device (1) comprises a front side plate (11), a seed layer height adjusting plate (12), a seed filling chamber (13), a seed discharging plate (14), a side plate (15), an arc bottom plate (16), a seed feeding port (17), a seed metering combined wheel (18), a rear side seed protecting plate (19), a seed metering device transmission shaft (110), a seed metering device chain wheel (111) and a seed box (112); the seed metering distribution device (2) is arranged below the seed throwing port (17), and the seed discharging plate (14) is arranged below the side plate (15); the seed metering combined wheel (18) consists of 6 seed metering wheels (18a), the seed metering wheels (18a) adopt a design of a regular hexagonal hole formed in the center, and a seed protection arc layer made of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) is coated on the arc surface of the rear side seed protection plate (19); the seed metering device transmission shaft (110) is a regular hexagonal shaft, the 6 seed metering wheels (18a) are inserted on the regular hexagonal transmission shaft (110), and the seed metering wheels (18a) and the seed metering device transmission shaft (110) rotate along with a transmission chain wheel (111); the power device (9) comprises a multi-stage power chain wheel (97), and the transmission chain wheel (111) is connected with the multi-stage power chain wheel (97) through a chain; the seedling claw (8) drives the seed sowing device (1) to synchronously operate while transplanting rice seedlings, 6 rows of rice seeds are directly sown at the left side of the right 2-row mechanical seedling transplanting, so that the synchronous operation of rice transplanting and direct sowing is realized, and the transmission ratio of the power chain wheel (97) and the transmission chain wheel (111) is changed to be matched with the transmission of the seedling claw (8).

2. The machine for synchronously transplanting rice seedlings and directly seeding rice seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that 6 seed discharging type holes (18b) designed according to involute and parabola are uniformly distributed on the seed discharging wheel (18a), the seed discharging wheel (18a) comprises a type hole main body (18c) and an involute type hole (18b), the involute type hole (18b) comprises a type hole left wall surface (18d), a type hole cavity (18e) and a type hole right wall surface (18f), the type hole cavity (18e) is designed according to the three-axis size of the rice seeds to be bred, and the type hole left wall surface (18d) and the type hole right wall surface (18f) are generated according to the involute principle, so that the machine is beneficial to the seed filling, seed throwing and precise seed discharging of the rice seeds.

3. The rice synchronous transplanting direct seeding breeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ditching device (5) comprises a seed throwing pipe (51), a ditcher (52) and a closed body flower basket screw (53), the top of the seed throwing pipe (51) is connected with the seed guiding pipe (4), the bottom of the seed throwing pipe (51) is hinged with the ditcher (52), the ditcher (52) is designed in a plow-shaped structure, and the front inclination angle of the ditcher is adjusted between the ditcher (52) and the seed throwing pipe (51) through the closed body flower basket screw (53).