CN106171499B - Corn planting method and special planting equipment - Google Patents
Corn planting method and special planting equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171499B CN106171499B CN201610770395.2A CN201610770395A CN106171499B CN 106171499 B CN106171499 B CN 106171499B CN 201610770395 A CN201610770395 A CN 201610770395A CN 106171499 B CN106171499 B CN 106171499B
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Abstract
A corn planting method and special planting equipment belong to the technical field of agriculture. The invention aims to provide a corn planting method and special planting equipment which adopt double rows, four unit plants and unequal distances for planting corn. The invention adopts special planting equipment to carry out double-row, single-group and four-plant unequal-distance planting; double rows: means that two rows are planted at a time; a single group of four plants: one group is planted once in each row, and each group comprises four plants; unequal distance: means that each group of double rows is planted in a staggered way; the distance between two rows in the double rows is smaller than the distance between two adjacent double rows. The invention utilizes the principle of competitive growth among plants and the comprehensive advantage utilization of water, fertilizer, light, gas and heat, so that each corn has the characteristic of marginal effect, the disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance of the plants are improved, the number of corn plants per hectare is increased by 30000-40000 plants compared with the traditional planting mode, the utilization rate of the water, fertilizer, light, gas and heat is high, the corn has large rods and full seeds, and the yield is increased by 30-50 percent compared with the traditional mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
In recent years, the grain price is continuously lowered because the unit yield of grains is always lingering, and the enthusiasm of farmers is lower and lower. The basic national situation of China is that people are more and less, how to create higher economic benefit on limited land is the biggest problem before agriculture people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corn planting method and special planting equipment which adopts double rows, four unit plants and unequal distances for corn planting.
The invention adopts special planting equipment to carry out double-row, single-group and four-plant unequal-distance planting;
a. double rows: means that two rows are planted at a time;
b. a single group of four plants: one group is planted once in each row, and each group comprises four plants;
c. unequal distance: means that each group of double rows is planted in a staggered way;
d. the distance between two rows in the double rows is smaller than the distance between two adjacent double rows.
The distance between each group on the single row is 59-60 cm, the distance between four plants in each group is 6.5-7.5 cm, and the ratio of the distance between two rows in the double rows to the distance between two adjacent double rows is as follows: 1: 1.8-2.
The special planting equipment comprises a frame, a seed fertilizer box, a fertilizer pipe outlet, a fertilizing plough, a regulating sleeve, a land wheel, a driving sprocket, a chain, a fertilizer stirring sprocket and a fertilizer stirring sprocket, wherein the fertilizer box is arranged on the rear side of the frame; a seed precision seeder is arranged at the front end of the frame, a seed box is arranged at the upper end of the seed precision seeder, a seeding chain wheel of the seed precision seeder is connected with a fine fertilizer stirring chain wheel through a chain, a seed quantity adjusting cone pulley mechanism is arranged on seed inlet channels of the seed box and the seed precision seeder, and a seed outlet at the lower end of the seed precision seeder corresponds to the position between the two seed baffle plates; the front end of the seed precision seeder is provided with a traction frame, the traction frame is connected to a tractor, a slide bar passes through a traction frame shaft and is connected to an auxiliary frame, the front end of the auxiliary frame is provided with an auxiliary wheel, the rear end shaft is connected to the seed precision seeder, a spring is sleeved on the slide bar between the auxiliary frame and the traction frame, a blocking cap is fixedly arranged on the slide bar at the upper end of the traction frame, and a ditching plow is arranged on the auxiliary frame;
a seed precision seeder: the front cover of the seed precision seeder is hermetically connected with the rear cover of the seed precision seeder through bolts, the upper end of the front cover is provided with a seed inlet communicated with the seed box, the seed inlet is communicated with seed separating grooves in the seed bin, the seed separating grooves are uniformly distributed on the outer edge of the inner side of the rear cover of the seed precision seeder, the seed bin is covered with an isolation cover, the isolation cover is provided with a seed outlet window, and the size of the seed outlet window is just corresponding to four seed separating grooves; the front cover of the seed precision seeder, the rear cover of the seed precision seeder and the isolation cover are sleeved on a chain wheel shaft of the seeding chain wheel, and a seeding pawl is arranged on the chain wheel shaft; the side surface of the rear cover of the seed precision seeder is provided with an isolating cover regulator, the isolating cover regulator is provided with a mounting hole, the isolating cover is arranged on the rear cover of the seed precision seeder through a mounting clamp and the mounting hole, and the lower end of the rear cover of the seed precision seeder is provided with a seed outlet;
volume adjustment cone pulley mechanism: the pusher dog passes through volume adjustment cone pulley mechanism casing and connects in driving lever one end, and the driving lever other end pushes up on pressure spring, has the fender card on the driving lever, keeps off the card and corresponds with the gear groove on the cone pulley, and driving lever and pressure spring pass through the mounting bracket and install on volume adjustment cone pulley mechanism shells inner wall.
The invention is provided with a fertilizer fine adjustment knob on a fine fertilizer stirring box.
The seeding pawls of the present invention are four in number and are mounted two by two symmetrically along the sprocket shaft.
The number of the mounting holes is five.
The invention utilizes the principle of competitive growth among plants and the comprehensive advantage utilization of water, fertilizer, light, gas and heat, so that each corn has the characteristic of marginal effect, the disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance of the plants are improved, the number of corn plants per hectare is increased by 30000-40000 plants compared with the traditional planting mode, the utilization rate of the water, fertilizer, light, gas and heat is high, the corn has large rods and full seeds, and the yield is increased by 30-50 percent compared with the traditional mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a corn plant planting layout of the present invention; in the figure, A is the first line in the double lines; b is a single group of four plants or a unit of four plants; c is the line spacing of the first line and the second line; d is the distance between each group on the same row; e is the second of the two rows; f is the distance between two adjacent groups of different rows;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a planting device dedicated to the planting mode of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the invention FIG. 2, also a front view of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the seed drill of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the structure of a seed amount adjusting step pulley mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts special planting equipment to carry out double-row, single-group and four-plant unequal-distance planting;
a. double rows: means that two rows are planted at a time; namely, two rows of staggered continuous sowing are carried out each time during sowing; the planting process is as follows: seeding a first group of a first row a, then seeding a second row E first group, then seeding the first row a second group, then seeding the second row E second group, and so on;
b. a single group of four plants: one group is planted once in each row, and each group comprises four plants; the single group refers to a unit, that is, four plants are taken as a group or a unit;
c. unequal distance: means that each group of double rows is planted in a staggered way; the method is characterized in that each group or each unit is planted in a staggered mode under the state of double rows and cannot be generated on the same column;
d. the distance between two rows in the double rows is smaller than the distance between two adjacent rows, the distance between two rows in the double rows refers to the distance between two adjacent groups of different rows, namely F in fig. 1, and the distance between two adjacent rows refers to the distance between two rows planted each time, namely C between the row A and the row B in fig. 1.
The distance D between each group on the single row is 59-60 cm, the distance between four plants in each group is 6.5-7.5 cm, and the ratio of the distance between two rows in the double rows to the distance between two adjacent rows is as follows: 1: 1.8-2.
The invention is provided with a seed fertilizer box 4 on the rear side of a frame 3, a fertilizer tube outlet of the seed fertilizer box 4 is arranged on the rear side of a fertilizer application plow 1, the fertilizer application plow 1 is arranged at the tail end of the frame 3 through an adjusting sleeve 2, a land wheel 6 is arranged below the frame 3, a driving sprocket 7 is arranged at the end part of a land wheel shaft of the land wheel 6, the driving sprocket 7 is respectively connected with a fertilizer shifting sprocket 5 and a fine fertilizer shifting sprocket 11 through chains, the shaft of the fertilizer shifting sprocket 5 is arranged inside the seed and fertilizer box 4, a fertilizer shifting blade is arranged on the inner wheel shaft, the wheel shaft of the fine fertilizer shifting chain wheel 11 is arranged in the fine fertilizer shifting box 10, fertilizer stirring blades are mounted on an inner wheel shaft, a refined fertilizer stirring box 10 is mounted on the frame 3, a fertilizer outlet of a fertilizer pipe at the lower end of the refined fertilizer stirring box 3 corresponds to a position between the two soil covering devices 8, the two soil covering devices 8 are mounted on the rear side of the bottom end of the vertical frame 12, the vertical frame 12 is mounted on the frame 3, and a seed baffle plate 14 is mounted on the front side of the bottom end of the vertical frame 12; a seed precision seeder 17 is arranged at the front end of the frame 3, a seed box 13 is arranged at the upper end of the seed precision seeder 17, a seeding chain wheel 16 of the seed precision seeder 17 is connected with a precision fertilizer stirring chain wheel 11 through a chain, a seed amount adjusting cone pulley mechanism 22 is arranged on seed inlet channels of the seed box 13 and the seed precision seeder 17, and a seed outlet 15 at the lower end of the seed precision seeder 17 corresponds to the position between the two seed baffle plates 14; a traction frame 19 is arranged at the front end of the seed precision planter 17, the traction frame 19 is connected to a tractor, a slide bar 18 passes through the traction frame 19 and is connected to an auxiliary frame 24 in a shaft mode, an auxiliary wheel is arranged at the front end of the auxiliary frame 24, the rear end of the auxiliary frame is connected to the seed precision planter 17 in a shaft mode, a spring 20 is sleeved on the slide bar 18 between the auxiliary frame 24 and the traction frame 19, a stop cap 23 is fixedly arranged on the slide bar 18 at the upper end of the traction frame 19, and a furrow plough 21 is arranged on the auxiliary frame 24; in order to match with double-row staggered continuous sowing, all the equipment from front to back such as ditching, sowing, earthing, fertilizing and pesticide applying and the like are in double sets, each set corresponds to one row, but the device for stirring the seeds for sowing in the seed precision sowing device 17 is indeed staggered according to the size, so that staggered sowing of each row is ensured. Wherein, each row needs two earth-covering devices 8, the two earth-covering devices 8 are gradually closed from front to back, thus the earth covering on the two sides of the ditch dug by the ditching plow 12 can be pushed back to the ditch after the seeding. The fertilizer box mainly contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box is generally applied to the side surface of the ditch in order to prevent the fertilizer box from directly contacting with the seeds. The seed manure box 4 is mainly filled with some common supplementary fertilizers, pesticides and the like, and the soil covering is finished by only placing the seed manure box on soil covered with soil and then compacting the seed manure box by the fertilizing plough 1.
Seed precision seeder 17: the front cover of the seed precision seeder is hermetically connected with the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder through bolts, the upper end of the front cover is provided with a seed inlet communicated with the seed box 13, the seed inlet is communicated with a seed separating groove 1704 in a seed bin 1705, the seed separating grooves 1704 are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the inner side of the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder, the seed bin 1705 is covered with an isolation cover 1701, the isolation cover 1701 is provided with a seed outlet window 1703, and the size of the seed outlet window 1703 just corresponds to the four seed separating grooves 1704; the front cover of the seed precision seeder, the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder and the isolation cover 1701 are sleeved on a chain wheel shaft 1711 of the seeding chain wheel 16, and a seeding pawl 1706 is arranged on the chain wheel shaft 1711; an isolation cover adjuster 1710 is arranged on the side surface of the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder, an installation hole 1709 is arranged on the isolation cover adjuster 1710, the isolation cover 1701 is installed on the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder through an installation card 1708 and the installation hole 1709, and a seed outlet 1707 is arranged at the lower end of the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder; the seed precision seeder is a key for completing the double-row staggered precision seeding of the invention, the seeds in the seed box 13 are adjusted by the cone pulley 22 and then are fed into the seed separating groove 1704 in the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder and are filled with the seed separating groove 1704, the seeds cannot leak out of the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder due to the isolation cover 1701, the seeding pawls 1706 are driven to rotate in the rotation process of the chain wheel shaft 1711 of the seeding chain wheel 16, when each seeding pawl 1706 passes through the seed separating groove 1704, because the seeding pawls 1706 are arranged in a shape similar to a small spoon, each seeding pawl 1706 respectively grabs one corn seed, and after the seeding pawls 1706 passes through the seed discharge port 1707, the seeds are sent out and sown in the ditch. The isolation cover adjuster 1710 on the rear cover 1702 of the seed precision seeder is used for adjusting the position of the isolation cover 1701, and the double-row staggered seeding is achieved while the precision seeding is ensured.
Volume adjustment cone pulley mechanism 22: the pulling claw 2201 penetrates through the shell of the seed amount adjusting cone pulley mechanism 22 and is connected to one end of a pulling rod 2203, the other end of the pulling rod 2203 abuts against a compression spring 2204, a blocking clamp 2202 is arranged on the pulling rod 2203 and corresponds to a gear groove on a cone pulley 2205, and the pulling rod 2203 and the compression spring 2204 are installed on the inner wall of the shell of the seed amount adjusting cone pulley mechanism 22 through a mounting frame 2206. The seed output amount in the seed box 13 can be ensured by adjusting the seed output amount adjusting step pulley mechanism 22, and the rotating speed is adjusted through the size of the diameter of the gear teeth on the step pulley, so that the seed output amount of the seed box is adjusted through the rotating speed.
In order to complete the double-row continuous staggered planting, the adopted seeding and fertilizing equipment needs to run in a staggered mode in two sets, one set corresponds to the first row, the other set corresponds to the second row, but the staggered seeding is kept during working, so that the double-row single-group four-plant unequal-distance planting mode is completed.
The whole set of equipment is adjusted before the seeder works, and when the seeding is advanced, the ditching plow 21 at the front end firstly digs a ground surface ditch, because the seeder does not need deep loosening operation and only plants on a flat ground, the ditching plow 21 directly digs two seeding grooves on the flat ground, then the right-side seeding equipment continuously discharges a first row of four corn seeds and stops, the left-side seeding equipment discharges a second row of the first group of the four corn seeds, then the left-side seeding equipment stops seeding, the first-row seeding equipment carries out a second group of the four corn seeds, and the operations are repeated, so that the sowed seeds are communicated and filled in the covering device.
The invention is provided with a fertilizer fine adjustment knob 9 on a fine fertilizer stirring box 10. The fine adjustment knob 9 controls the amount of the fertilizer by adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer stirring roller.
The number of the sowing pawls 1706 of the present invention is four, and two-by-two symmetrical mounting is made along the sprocket shaft 1711. The four sowing pawls 1706 are designed to ensure a distance of four plants in a group or a unit, and are capable of sowing exactly one group or one unit at a time.
The number of the mounting holes 1709 of the present invention is five. In practice, the applicant has concluded that five mounting holes 1709 ensure the adjustment of each condition.
The invention provides a planting method for corn with double-row units and four plants with unequal distances. Comprises the steps of land preparation, seed selection, sowing, fertilization, pesticide spraying, vigorous growth control technology, field management and the like. The method is characterized in that the wide row is 80-90 cm, the narrow row is 59-60 cm, 4 plants are arranged in each unit, the plant distance is 6.5-7.5 cm, the unit distance is 70cm, the double-row units are placed in a delta shape, and a special precision seeder is adopted for seeding.
The planting technical points are as follows:
and (3) sowing time: sowing in Liaoning, Jilin, inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang etc. at 20 days 4-5 days 20 days per year.
Land preparation: selecting land with fertile soil, good permeability, flat hilly land, flat depression and good irrigation and drainage conditions, and turning over in autumn in the previous year and later.
Selecting a fertilizer: the long-acting multi-element microbial compound fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer content of more than 35 percent and the organic matter content of more than 25 percent is selected, the fertilizing amount per hectare is 1200kg, and the fertilizer is applied when a special seeder is used for seeding.
And (4) sowing, wherein the corn seeds are selected from selected varieties which are full, have no damage, no impurity, no insect damage and no mildew, and are selected to be early-maturing, density-resistant and strong in resistance. And performing secondary coating and active treatment before sowing. Sowing is carried out in a wide-narrow row alternate drill sowing mode, the row spacing between two double rows is 80-90 cm, and the row spacing between the double rows is 59-60 cm. Meanwhile, 4 plants in each unit have the plant distance of 6.5-7.5 cm, the plant distance between the units in the same row is 70cm, 1 grain is planted in each hole, the number of grains per hectare is 7-8.5 ten thousand, and the special precision seeder is used for comprehensively fertilizing and seeding.
Field management:
1) after sowing, if the soil moisture content is good, the triazine and amide compound herbicide can be directly sprayed, such as: the 40 percent Bie-A mixture 200-250 ml/mu is sprayed when no wind exists and the soil moisture content is good, and the herbicide after seedling is sprayed when the soil moisture content is poor or the spraying of the closed agent is missed, wherein the herbicide is sprayed when 3-5 leaves of the corn are used.
2) And when the length of the corn is 4-5 leaves, the first time of foliar fertilizer power king is sprayed to supplement nutrients when the nutrition of the seeds is about to be exhausted.
3) And when the length of the corn reaches 7-10 leaves, spraying foliar fertilizer for the second time, and at the moment, spraying phoxim and the like to prevent and control corn armyworm and corn borer and using a vigorous growth controlling agent.
4) And when the length of the corn reaches 12-19 leaves, spraying the foliar fertilizer for the third time.
5) And spraying a fourth time of foliar fertilizer in 1 day in 9 months to 5 days in 9 months, and increasing a gravimetric machine to promote the corn to be mature.
Claims (1)
1. A corn planting method is characterized in that: adopting special planting equipment to carry out double-row, single-group and four-plant unequal-distance planting;
a. double rows: means that two rows are planted at a time;
b. a single group of four plants: one group is planted once in each row, and each group comprises four plants;
c. unequal distance: means that each group of double rows is planted in a staggered way;
d. the distance between two rows in the double rows is smaller than the distance between two adjacent double rows;
the distance between each group on the single row is 59-60 cm, the distance between four plants in each group is 6.5-7.5 cm, and the ratio of the distance between two rows in the double rows to the distance between two adjacent double rows is as follows: 1: 1.8-2;
the special planting equipment comprises a rack (3), a seed fertilizer box (4) is installed on the rear side of the rack (3), a fertilizer tube outlet of the seed fertilizer box (4) is arranged on the rear side of a fertilizing plough (1), the fertilizing plough (1) is installed at the tail end of the rack (3) through an adjusting sleeve (2), a land wheel (6) is installed below the rack (3), a driving chain wheel (7) is installed at the end part of a land wheel shaft of the land wheel (6), the driving chain wheel (7) is respectively connected with a fertilizer stirring chain wheel (5) and a fertilizer stirring chain wheel (11) through a chain, a wheel shaft of the fertilizer stirring chain wheel (5) is arranged inside the seed fertilizer box (4), fertilizer stirring blades are installed on an inner wheel shaft, a wheel shaft of the fertilizer stirring chain wheel (11) is arranged inside a fertilizer stirring fertilizer box (10), the fertilizer stirring blades are installed on the inner wheel shaft, the fertilizer stirring box (10) is installed on the rack (3), a fertilizer outlet of a fertilizer tube at the lower end of the fertilizer stirring fertilizer box (10) corresponds to two soil covering devices (8), the two soil covering devices (8) are arranged on the rear side of the bottom end of the vertical frame (12), the vertical frame (12) is arranged on the rack (3), and the front side of the bottom end of the vertical frame (12) is provided with a seed baffle plate (14); a seed precision seeder (17) is arranged at the front end of the rack (3), a seed box (13) is arranged at the upper end of the seed precision seeder (17), a seeding chain wheel (16) of the seed precision seeder (17) is connected with a fine fertilizer stirring chain wheel (11) through a chain, a seed quantity adjusting step pulley mechanism (22) is arranged on seed inlet channels of the seed box (13) and the seed precision seeder (17), and a seed outlet (15) at the lower end of the seed precision seeder (17) corresponds to the position between the two seed baffle plates (14); a traction frame (19) is arranged at the front end of the seed precision seeder (17), the traction frame (19) is connected to a tractor, a sliding rod (18) penetrates through the traction frame (19) and is connected to an auxiliary frame (24) in a shaft mode, an auxiliary wheel is arranged at the front end of the auxiliary frame (24), a rear end shaft is connected to the seed precision seeder (17), a spring (20) is sleeved on the sliding rod (18) between the auxiliary frame (24) and the traction frame (19), a blocking cap (23) is fixedly arranged on the sliding rod (18) at the upper end of the traction frame (19), and a ditching plow (21) is arranged on the auxiliary frame (24);
a seed precision planter (17): the front cover of the seed precision seeder is hermetically connected with the rear cover (1702) of the seed precision seeder through bolts, the upper end of the front cover is provided with a seed inlet communicated with the seed box (13), the seed inlet is communicated with a seed distribution groove (1704) in the seed bin (1705), the seed distribution grooves (1704) are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the inner side of the rear cover (1702) of the seed precision seeder, the seed bin (1705) is covered with an isolation cover (1701), the isolation cover (1701) is provided with a seed outlet window (1703), and the size of the seed outlet window (1703) is exactly corresponding to the four seed distribution grooves (1704); the front cover of the seed precision seeder, the rear cover (1702) of the seed precision seeder and the isolation cover (1701) are sleeved on a chain wheel shaft (1711) of a seeding chain wheel (16), and a seeding pawl (1706) is arranged on the chain wheel shaft (1711); an isolation cover adjuster (1710) is arranged on the side surface of the rear cover (1702) of the seed precision seeder, an installation hole (1709) is arranged on the isolation cover adjuster (1710), the isolation cover (1701) is installed on the rear cover (1702) of the seed precision seeder through an installation card (1708) and the installation hole (1709), and the lower end of the rear cover (1702) of the seed precision seeder is provided with a seed outlet (1707);
a seed amount adjusting cone pulley mechanism (22): the shifting claw (2201) penetrates through a shell of the seed amount adjusting cone pulley mechanism (22) to be connected to one end of a shifting rod (2203), the other end of the shifting rod (2203) abuts against a compression spring (2204), a blocking clamp (2202) is arranged on the shifting rod (2203), the blocking clamp (2202) corresponds to a gear groove in a cone pulley (2205), and the shifting rod (2203) and the compression spring (2204) are installed on the inner wall of the shell of the seed amount adjusting cone pulley mechanism (22) through an installation frame (2206);
install fertilizer fine setting knob (9) on dialling fertile case (10), the quantity of seeding pawl (1706) is four to along two bisymmetry installations of sprocket shaft (1711), mounting hole (1709) set up to five.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610770395.2A CN106171499B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Corn planting method and special planting equipment |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610770395.2A CN106171499B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Corn planting method and special planting equipment |
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| CN106171499A CN106171499A (en) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN106171499B true CN106171499B (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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| CN107047025A (en) * | 2017-04-30 | 2017-08-18 | 赵中辉 | The double hole implantation methods of four plants of corn single group |
| CN107581011A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-16 | 赵中辉 | A kind of soybean large-ridge double-row Unequal distance product word puts implantation methods |
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