CN1107834C - 从容器中置换加压液化气的方法 - Google Patents

从容器中置换加压液化气的方法 Download PDF

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CN1107834C
CN1107834C CN99814634A CN99814634A CN1107834C CN 1107834 C CN1107834 C CN 1107834C CN 99814634 A CN99814634 A CN 99814634A CN 99814634 A CN99814634 A CN 99814634A CN 1107834 C CN1107834 C CN 1107834C
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CN1330748A (zh
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罗伯特·M·伍德尔
摩西·明塔
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ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
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Abstract

公开了一种方法，用于对装有加压液化气的多个容器(1，2，3)进行置换，其中液化气具有-112℃以上的温度。将一加压置换液体输入上述多个容器中的第一个(1)中，以从中排出加压液化气。然后将置换液体从多个容器中的第一个容器(1)泵送到第二个容器(2)中，以从中排出液化气。当从第一容器(1)中排出置换液体时，在一低于第二容器中的置换液体压力的压力下用一蒸汽填充第一容器中由于排出置换液体而产生的真空。然后切断第一容器(1)与第二容器(2)之间的流体联通，并连续对所有上述容器重复这些步骤，除系列中的最后一个容器外，将置换液体泵送到一辅助容器用于储藏。

Description

从容器中置换加压液化气的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及加压液化气的处理，更特别地，涉及一种对其中装有加压液化气的容器进行卸载的方法。
发明背景
由于其清洁燃烧性和方便性，天然气近年来被广泛应用。许多天然气源位于遥远的地方，对任何一个应用气体的商业市场都距离很远。有时可以用管线将生产的天然气输送到商业市场。当管线输送不可行时，经常将生产的天然气加工成加压液化天然气(称作“LNG”)运输到市场。
最近提出在-112℃(-170°F)以上温度并在足够使液体处于或低于其始沸点的压力下运输气体。对于大多数天然气成分来讲，天然气在温度为-112℃以上时的压力在约1380千帕(200磅/平方英寸)至约3,500千帕(500磅/平方英寸)之间。这种加压液化天然气被称作PLNG以便区别于LNG，LNG在接近大气压和温度约为-160℃时运输。
如果PLNG是通过从容器中将PLNG泵压出来而卸载同时允许容器压力下降，PLNG的减压能够使容器内的温度降低到低于容器允许的设计温度。如果卸载PLNG时保持容器中的压力，从而避免这样的温度下降的话，容器中的剩余蒸气将占据容器原始负荷的相当的容积。根据储藏压力和温度以及PLNG的成分，在液体被排出之前蒸汽可占容器中PLNG质量的大约10％到20％。期望尽可能经济地将尽量多的这种气体排出，同时将容器保持在与PLNG卸载之前大致相同的温度。
概述
本发明涉及一种用于对装有液化气和损漏气体的多个容器进行置换的方法，其中液化气具有-112℃以上的温度和基本位于其始沸点的压力。在该方法的第一步骤中，将一加压置换液体输入上述多个容器中的第一个中，以从中排出加压液化气和损漏气。置换液体具有高于该液化气压力的压力，并足以从容器中将液化气置换出来。然后将置换液体从多个容器中的第一个容器泵送到第二个容器中，以从中排出液化气。当从第一容器中排出置换液体时，在一低于第二容器中的置换液体压力的压力下用一蒸汽填充第一容器中由于排出置换液体而产生的真空。低压气体的压力最好在约50至200磅/平方英寸之间，并最好从液化气中取得。低压气例如可通过对液化气进行重气化而产生，或者可从液化气蒸发而得到。切断第一容器与第二容器中之间的流体联通，并连续对所有上述容器重复这些步骤，直到系列中除其它容器之外的最后一个容器中，将置换液体泵送到一辅助容器。
在本发明的实践中，所有容器中的加压液化气被排出，而液化气没有显著的压降，并用低压蒸汽填充容器。与容器中的液化气被排空并填充高压气体时相比，容器中的低压蒸汽的量将明显减少。当容器重新加载液化气时，容器中的气体一般将重新液化。减少液化厂中液化气体的量将显著降低运输液化气的总成本。
附图的描述
通过参照下面的详细描述和附图，本发明及其优点将被更好的理解，附图是本发明实践中使用的容器及相关的气流线、阀和其他设备的立面示意图。附图表示实现本发明工艺的一个优选实施例。附图并不会将作为该特定实施例的正常和期望修改结果的其它实施例排除在本发明范围之外。
发明的详细描述
在本发明的实践中，将置换液体从一个储罐泵压到第一容器或第一组容器的底部，从而将液化气从第一个/组容器中置换出来，同时将液化气的压力保持在与卸载之前大致相同的液化气压力下。当液化气从第一个/组容器中排出后，将置换液体从第一个/组容器泵压到第二个/组容器。当液化气由置换液体置换时，第一个/组容器中的运行压力保持与液化气卸载之前的液化气压力大致相同。液化气被送到一个主运输泵同时蒸汽被用作燃料或者在卸载过程中被用作一个低压气体源。
当液化气从第一个/组容器中排出后，第一个/组容器中的置换液体被泵到第二个/组容器以从中置换液化气。在从第一个容器泵压出置换液体的同时，一低压气体进入第一个容器中以填充由于液体排出产生的空间。气体源最好是来自其它液化气容器的沸腾气体，或者是在卸载过程中产生的或来自再蒸发设备的再蒸发液化气。
现在参照附图对本发明进行描述，附图中描述了三个容器1、2和3，这三个容器可以位于岸边或者也可以是船上的罐。为了简化本发明的描述，图中只显示了三个容器。应该理解，本发明并没有限定为特定数量的容器。设计用来运输加压液化气的船可以有许多加压PLNG容器。该大量罐之间的管道可以排列成使容器可以成组卸载，且可以任何顺序对任何组进行卸载。卸载的排序应该考虑容器载体的整洁和稳定性，这对于船卸载领域的技术人员是很熟悉的。
每个容器或每组容器都设有减压阀，压力分离器，液面显示器，以及压力报警系统和适当的低温运行绝缘体。这些系统在附图中被省略，因为本领域技术人员对于这种系统的结构和运行是熟知的，且对于理解本发明的实践并不重要。
在说明中，假定容器1、2和3装有加压液化天然气(PLNG)。但是，本发明并不限定为卸载PLNG，在本发明的实践中也可以卸载其它低沸点的加压液化气。PLNG将在-112℃以上温度以及基本位于其始沸点的压力下运输。本说明中使用的术语“始沸点”是液体开始转化为气体时的温度和压力。例如，如果一定量的PLNG保持在一恒定压力下，但其温度增加，则PLNG中开始形成气泡时的温度就是始沸点。相似的，如果一定量的PLNG保持在一恒定温度下，但压力减小，由开始形成气体时的压力定义为始沸点。在始沸点液化气是饱和液体。
再次参照附图，容器1和2通过管线42流体联通，容器2和3通过管线43流体联通，容器3和流体分离器12通过管线44流体联通。管线42、43和44分别包括阀23、26和29，用于切断或断开这种流体联通。流体分离器12还具有液体流管线51，该液体流管线51分别通过液体流管线48、49和50连接到容器1、2和3上。管线48、49和50分别具有阀22、25和28，用于调节通过这些管线的流量。来自流体分离器12的经常蒸汽经管线56分别通过管线45、46和47传送到容器1、2和3。管线45、46和47具有常规的控制阀21、24和27，以便对通过管线45、46和47的蒸气流量进行调节，同时将管线56中相对较高的气体压力降低到所需的低压，例如50至200磅/平方英寸。潜水泵13、14和15分别位于或靠近容器1、2和3的底部以便通过管线42、43和44泵送液体。
容器1的卸载是通过将管线40连接到一装有置换液体的适当的储罐10而完成的。阀20和22打开，所有其它阀关闭。一适当的泵11通过管线40将置换液体从储罐10传送到容器1的底部。该置换液体通过管线48和管线51将PLNG从容器1置换到相分离器12。引进容器1的置换液体的压力必须大于PLNG的压力同时足以将PLNG从容器1中排出。为了避免PLNG的任何实质上的再蒸发，置换液体的温度最好接近被置换的PLNG的温度。一旦PLNG由置换液体从容器1中排出，将阀20和22关闭，阀21、23和25打开。置换液体由泵13从容器1通过管线42泵送到容器2的底部。容器2中的PLNG通过管线49和51从容器2置换到相位分离器12。当置换液体从容器1中排出时，通过管线45将一低压气体引进容器1中，置换由于从容器1中排出液体产生的真空。一旦容器2中的PLNG被排空，将阀21、23和25关闭，阀24、26和28打开。然后用泵14通过管线43将容器2中的置换液体泵送到容器3的底部。容器3中的PLNG置换液体排空后，将阀26和28关闭，阀27和29打开，泵15将置换液体泵送到储罐10。当从容器3中排出置换液体时，通过管线47将一低压气体引入容器3。来自分离器12的PLNG通过管线52传送到一适当的设备，用于再蒸发，作进一步加工，或者用于储藏。来自分离器12的蒸气可用作如上所述用低压气体填满容器的气体源，或者可替换地或附加地将蒸气用作燃料。任何在从容器1、2和3中置换PLNG的过程中可转移到管线45、46和47中的置换液体都在分离器12中从PLNG中分离并通过管线53返回储罐10。
可使用一可选择的管线57用来补充从第一个容器之后的一个或者更多的容器置换PLNG所需的置换液体。例如，如果置换液体转移到具有PLNG的管线57中或者如果容器2的容量大于容器1，将需要额外的置换液体。
本发明的实践中使用的置换液体可以是从容器中置换加压液化气的任何适当的液体。置换液体最好有一个低于液化气温度的冰点，大于液化气的密度，在容器中液化气的运行状态下与液化气的溶解性低。在温度-112℃以下和压力300磅/平方英寸以上用于置换PLNG的适当置换液体的例子包括：乙醇、正丙醇和四氢呋喃，其中乙醇是优选的，因为它的价格较低。置换液体的选择将取决于液体价格与置换液体在液化气中溶解性损失之间的平衡。如果置换液体价格较低的话，较高的溶解性可以接受。
尽管图中没有显示，如果从高压气源到容器的压降导致气体温度下降到低于容器的设计温度的话，需要在引进容器之前用任何适当的加热元件对低压气体加热。
如上所述连续对运载船或岸上设备的所有容器进行卸载，直到最后一个容器被卸载。在这种卸载方法的实践中，所有的容器中填充了低压气体。如果低压气体是从PLNG产生的，例如从PLNG蒸发出来，在PLNG卸载之后，容器中剩余的低压气体的质量将占PLNG原始负载量的大约1到3％。气体的温度和压力将在容器设计中的最小温度和最大压力的范围内。
本领域技术人员，特别是从本专利的教导中受益的人将认识到对上面公开的特定工艺的许多修改和变化。例如，根据系统的整体设计和PLNG的成分，本发明中可使用各种温度和压力。同时，可根据整体设计的要求对PLNG容器之间的管道连接进行补充或重新组合，以实现最佳和最有效的热交换要求。此外，对从船上移开卸载的PLNG进行某些加工可通过可与所示分离器12互换的附加设备完成。如上所述，专门公开的实施例和例子不应该用于限定或限制本发明的范围，它是由下面的权利要求及其等同物来确定的。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于对装有富含甲烷的液化气和损漏气体的多个容器进行置换的方法，上述液化气具有-112℃(-170°F)以上的温度和基本位于其始沸点的压力，包括以下几个步骤：
(a)将一加压置换液体输入上述多个容器中的第一个中，以从中排出加压液化气和损漏气，上述置换液体具有高于该液化气压力的压力；
(b)将该置换液体从多个容器中的第一个容器泵送到第二个容器中，以从中排出液化气，并在一低于第二容器中的置换液体压力的压力下用一蒸汽填充第一容器中由于排出置换液体而产生的真空；
(c)切断第一容器与第二容器中之间的流体联通，并连续对所有上述容器重复步骤(a)至(b)，直到除将置换液体从最后一个容器泵送到一辅助容器之外所有容器中的液化气被排空并填充低压蒸汽。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中置换液体的温度为高于-112℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中置换液体是乙醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中置换液体是正丙醇。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中置换液体是四氢呋喃。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中步骤(b)中的气体是从液化气中取得的。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中蒸汽压力小于150磅/平方英寸。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中置换液体的温度大致与第一容器中液化气的温度相同。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括对步骤(c)中泵送到辅助罐中的置换液体进行回收，以提供步骤(a)中置换液体的至少一部分。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括下列步骤：将步骤(a)中排出的液化气和损漏气体输送到一相分离器，该相分离器产生一汽相和至少一个液相，从该分离器中抽出蒸汽，将该蒸汽进行膨胀以降低其压力，将该膨胀的蒸汽输送到第一容器中，作为步骤(b)中的低压蒸汽，从该分离器中抽出，以进一步处理富含液化气的液流。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括从该分离器中抽出置换流体中富含的液流。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，还包括下列步骤：通过提供至少一部分权利要求1的步骤(a)中的置换液体，对从分离器中抽出的置换液体中富含的液体进行回收。
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US7793502B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2010-09-14 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method for liquefied natural gas carrier propulsion
US20160195219A1 (en) 2013-08-08 2016-07-07 Intelligent Energy Limited Gas filling apparatus and method
TWI636616B (zh) * 2013-08-08 2018-09-21 智慧能源有限公司 氣體塡充裝置及方法
US10174882B2 (en) 2013-08-08 2019-01-08 Intelligent Energy Limited Gas filling apparatus and method

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US6202707B1 (en) 2001-03-20
IL143325A0 (en) 2002-04-21
ZA200104229B (en) 2002-08-23
JP4526189B2 (ja) 2010-08-18
AU3126100A (en) 2000-07-03
TW459116B (en) 2001-10-11
EG22465A (en) 2003-02-26
EP1144905A1 (en) 2001-10-17
PE20001162A1 (es) 2000-11-15
GB0113070D0 (en) 2001-07-18
SI20654A (sl) 2002-02-28
TNSN99230A1 (fr) 2001-12-31
GB2359877A (en) 2001-09-05
GB2359877B (en) 2002-09-11
HRP20010388A2 (en) 2002-06-30
ES2217913B1 (es) 2006-02-01
ID30157A (id) 2001-11-08
TR200101781T2 (tr) 2002-01-21
WO2000036333A1 (en) 2000-06-22
BR9916250A (pt) 2001-10-02
AR021878A1 (es) 2002-08-07
CN1330748A (zh) 2002-01-09
CO5261641A1 (es) 2003-03-31
ES2217913A1 (es) 2004-11-01
JP2002532669A (ja) 2002-10-02
DZ2967A1 (fr) 2004-03-15
KR20010101306A (ko) 2001-11-14
IL143325A (en) 2004-06-20
MY115510A (en) 2003-06-30
EP1144905A4 (en) 2005-11-09

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