CN110778320A - Synchronous excavation supporting construction method for three-step inverted arch of weak surrounding rock tunnel - Google Patents
Synchronous excavation supporting construction method for three-step inverted arch of weak surrounding rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronous excavation and support construction method for a three-step inverted arch. During tunnel construction, three parts of an upper step (1), a middle step (2) and a lower step (3) are synchronously tunneled and synchronously supported, and the lower step (3) is excavated to comprise an inverted arch (4). The construction comprises the following excavation steps: synchronously drilling three steps, synchronously charging and connecting, and sequentially detonating according to the sequence of top, middle and bottom; a support step: deslagging and supporting according to the sequence of top to bottom; spraying: and spraying concrete from bottom to top in sequence. In the excavation and supporting steps, a long-arm excavator is adopted to directly hoist and move tools and materials on the backfill hole slag (7) to the upper step (1); in the spraying step, a long-arm wet spraying manipulator is adopted to directly spray concrete on the backfill hole slag (7) to the upper step (1). The construction method fully utilizes the operation advantages of the long-arm construction machine, simplifies the procedure of constructing the transportation channel between the steps, obviously accelerates the construction progress, and is suitable for the construction of the weak surrounding rock tunnel by the three-step method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for excavating a tunnel.
Background
The three-step method is one of the most common construction methods for the weak surrounding rock tunnel, the traditional three-step method generally excavates supports step by step according to the sequence of an upper step, a middle step and a lower step, a transport channel required by a transport tool and materials needs to be repeatedly built and cleared between the upper step and the middle step or between the middle step and the lower step, the process is complicated, the cycle time is long, and the construction progress is seriously influenced; in addition, during construction of the traditional three-step excavation method, actual excavation and support of an inverted arch often lag behind an upper step and a middle step, primary support is sealed to form a ring later, and deformation control and safe construction of the weak surrounding rock tunnel are not facilitated.
Chinese patent CN 109723445A discloses a full-section integral tunneling method for a parallel three-step tunnel, and the problem of the method is that a traveling passage needs to be reserved, and a supporting structure with a special structure is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the three-step construction method for the rapid excavation and support of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is provided, and the defects that the existing three-step excavation method technology has multiple working procedures, slow construction progress, late primary support ring forming and the like are overcome.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a synchronous excavation and supporting construction method for three steps with inverted arches of a weak surrounding rock tunnel is characterized in that in the tunnel excavation and supporting process, an upper step, a middle step and a lower step are excavated and supported synchronously and are pushed integrally, wherein the lower step excavation comprises the inverted arch part. Relatively independent working spaces are formed among all the steps, and the excavation and the supporting are not interfered with each other. The construction is a tunneling cycle comprising an excavation step, a supporting step and a spraying step.
Excavating: synchronously drilling three steps, synchronously charging and connecting, sequentially detonating according to the sequence of top, middle and bottom, and arranging an inverted arch on the lower step; a support step: deslagging according to the sequence from top to bottom and respectively and independently carrying out supporting operation; spraying: and spraying concrete from bottom to top in sequence.
In the excavation step: before blasting operation, a long-arm excavator is adopted to hoist and move the upper step operation rack to a rear safe position. The long-arm excavator is directly hoisted on the backfill hole slag near the lower step tunnel face. After blasting, ventilation and smoke discharge are firstly carried out, potential safety hazards are eliminated, and then initial spraying is carried out in time.
The middle step and the lower step are divided into a left part and a right part during excavation construction, the left part and the right part are performed in a staggered mode during excavation, and the distance between the left part and the right part is 1.5-2 m.
The middle part of the lower step is dug into a concave shape.
The construction sequence of each step in the supporting step is respectively as follows: firstly, digging all hole slag to a middle step and a lower step on an upper step, finishing and excavating a section outline, and constructing an upper step primary support and an advance support; secondly, in the middle step, digging all the hole slag to the lower step, trimming the outline of the excavation section, and constructing the primary support of the middle step; thirdly, deslagging the lower step, finishing the outline of the excavated section, and constructing primary support of the lower step; and fourthly, deslagging the inverted arch, finishing the outline of the excavated section and constructing primary support of the inverted arch. After the slag skimming or slag discharging of each step is finished, the supporting operation such as steel frame installation and the like can be started respectively.
The supporting step comprises: after the upper step is subjected to slag skimming, a long-arm excavator is used for conveying the operation rack and the supporting materials to the upper step through the hole slag slope; and after the middle step is subjected to slag skimming, a long-arm excavator is used for conveying the supporting material to the middle step through the hole slag slope.
The supporting step comprises: when the inverted arch is cleared of slag, the operator can reach the upper step through the simple ladder stand to start the next circular drilling operation.
In the spraying step: the concrete is sprayed to the inverted arch and the lower step in sequence, then the inverted arch is backfilled with the hole slag, the long-arm wet spraying manipulator is moved to the position near the face of the lower step to backfill the hole slag, and then the concrete is sprayed to the middle step and the upper step in sequence.
Before the concrete is sprayed on the upper step, a long-arm excavator is used for hoisting and moving the upper step operation rack to a rear open position; after the concrete is sprayed, the work bench and the like are conveyed to the upper step by using a long-arm excavator, and the excavation step work of the next cycle is continued.
The operation bench is in a separation combination type and is formed by assembling a left part and a right part; the light rod is selected to be made, and the weight of each part is not more than two tons.
According to the method, the operation rack is used for assisting construction in upper step excavation and supporting construction, the operation rack is made of light rod pieces, and the weight of each part of the operation rack is controlled, so that the long-arm excavator can be conveniently lifted; the hollow surface of the middle step is larger, so that the number of drilled holes is small, and the simple ladder stand and the split heads are used for assisting construction in excavation and supporting construction; similarly, the lower step can be constructed by the aid of the simple ladder stand and the split heads.
In the steps of excavation and supporting, the length of each step is strictly controlled, and each step is synchronously pushed. The height of the upper step can be 3.5-4.0 m, and the length is 5-7 m; the height of the middle step can be 3.5-3.8 m, and the length is 4-5 m; the height of the lower step can be 3.8-4.5 m, and the length is 15-20 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the construction progress is fast. The technology fully utilizes the tunnel operation space, reasonably divides the construction area and carries out the parallel operation of the upper step, the middle step and the lower step; through the reasonable utilization of construction machinery such as a long-arm excavator and a long-arm wet spraying manipulator, the procedures of building and excavating transportation channels between steps are simplified, the cycle time is greatly shortened, and the construction progress is accelerated to a great extent.
2) The construction safety is high. The inverted arch and the lower step are synchronously excavated and supported, so that rapid excavation and rapid support of the weak surrounding rock tunnel are realized, the requirement of rapid sealing and ring formation is met, the deformation of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is favorably controlled, and the stability and the construction safety of the soft rock tunnel support structure are ensured.
3) The construction operability is strong. The technology has strong pertinence, simple and convenient operation technology and easy grasp of operators.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a cross sectional view of the construction of the inverted arch synchronous excavation and support of the three-step belt of the weak surrounding rock tunnel of the invention, and is also a sectional view B-B of fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 1, namely a longitudinal sectional view of a three-step inverted arch synchronous excavation supporting construction of a weak surrounding rock tunnel.
Detailed Description
A synchronous excavation and supporting construction method for three steps with inverted arches of a weak surrounding rock tunnel is characterized in that in the tunnel excavation and supporting process, an upper step, a middle step and a lower step are excavated and supported synchronously and are pushed integrally, wherein the lower step excavation comprises the inverted arch part. Relatively independent working spaces are formed among all the steps, and the excavation and the supporting are not interfered with each other. The method specifically comprises the following three steps:
a first large-step excavation step: drilling holes on each step simultaneously, charging and connecting the holes simultaneously, and sequentially detonating according to the sequence of top, middle and bottom. The second step is a support step: the upper step sequentially carries out preliminary support construction and advanced support construction of arch walls such as slag removal, steel frame installation and the like; and sequentially carrying out slag discharging, steel frame mounting and other constructions on the middle step, the lower step and the inverted arch. The third step is a spraying step: the inverted arch, the lower step, the middle step and the upper step are sequentially subjected to concrete spraying operation.
Excavating: the upper step, the middle step and the lower step are drilled simultaneously, and the explosive charging and the wire connecting are carried out simultaneously, and the detonation is carried out sequentially according to the sequence of the upper step, the middle step and the lower step. And after blasting, ventilating and discharging smoke, eliminating potential safety hazards, and then performing primary spraying in time.
In the excavation step, a long-arm excavator is adopted to hoist the upper step operation rack to a rear safe position before blasting operation. The long arm excavator is directly hoisted on the backfill hole slag near the lower step tunnel face, and the operation rack is transferred to a rear safe position by the long arm excavator. The process that the transportation channel needs to be built among all the steps in the traditional three-step method is avoided.
When the middle step and the lower step are excavated, the left side and the right side are staggered by 1.5-2 m, so that the arch feet on the two sides of the same steel frame of the upper step are prevented from being suspended simultaneously.
The middle part of the lower step is dug to be concave so as to meet the requirement that the long-arm wet spraying manipulator stops on the backfill slag of the lower step and can effectively carry out concrete spraying operation on the upper step.
A support step: the upper step is sequentially subjected to preliminary support construction and advanced support construction of arch walls such as slag removal and steel frame installation, and the middle step, the lower step and the inverted arch are sequentially subjected to slag removal and steel frame installation.
In the step of supporting the upper step, the long-arm excavator is driven to the middle step along a ramp formed by blasting the hole slag to remove the slag from the upper step, the hole slag is completely removed to the middle step and the lower step, and then the long-arm excavator and the manual pneumatic pick are matched to trim the profile of the excavation section so as to install the steel frame. Then, a long-arm excavator is used for supporting the operation rack to the upper step, supporting materials are conveyed to the upper step, an operator immediately reaches the upper step installation steel frame through a hole-slag ramp, and a system anchor rod and a lock foot anchor rod fixing steel frame are constructed; and after the steel frame is installed and fixed, constructing advanced support.
In the step of supporting the middle step, after the operation rack and the supporting materials are conveyed to the upper step, the middle step adopts a long-arm excavator to remove slag, and after the slag removal is finished, the outline of the excavated section is trimmed. And then, the support material is conveyed to the middle step by using a long-arm excavator, the operator immediately reaches the middle step installation steel frame through the hole-slag slope, and the system anchor rod and the locking foot anchor rod fixing steel frame are applied.
In the step of supporting the lower step and the inverted arch, after supporting materials are conveyed to the middle step, the lower step utilizes two side-dumping loaders to load slag, and a dump truck conveys the slag. And after the lower step finishes deslagging, finishing the profile of the excavated section, and installing a steel frame. Meanwhile, the long-arm excavator carries out inverted arch hole slag cleaning, in order to not interfere the installation of the lower step steel frame, the long-arm excavator firstly starts cleaning from the middle section of the inverted arch and then rotates to the rear section of the inverted arch for slag loading; considering that the number of the drilling holes of the upper step is large, when the inverted arch is cleared, an operator arrives at the upper step through the simple ladder stand to start the next circular drilling operation so as to strive for the next circular drilling operation of the three steps to be completed simultaneously.
And after the inverted arch hole slag is cleaned, the inverted arch carries out steel frame installation operation.
Spraying: the concrete spraying operation is carried out on the middle step and the upper step in sequence after the long-arm wet spraying manipulator is shifted.
In the spraying step of the inverted arch and the lower steps, all other operators on each step evacuate through the simple ladder stand before spraying concrete. And (3) parking the long-arm wet spraying manipulator at the middle section of the inverted arch, and sequentially spraying concrete to the inverted arch and the lower step.
In the spraying step of the middle step and the upper step, after the concrete spraying of the lower step is finished and the sprayed concrete of the inverted arch is solidified, the section between the primary support section of the inverted arch and the tunnel face of the lower step is backfilled by using the tunnel slag, the upper step operation rack is lifted and moved to the rear open position by using a long-arm excavator, then the long-arm wet spraying manipulator is moved to the tunnel face of the lower step to backfill the tunnel slag, and the concrete spraying operation is sequentially carried out on the middle step and the upper step.
After the concrete is sprayed on the upper step, the working bench and the like are supported and conveyed to the upper step by using a long-arm excavator, and the working personnel reach the upper step through the simple ladder stand and continue to perform the next circular excavation step operation.
Monitoring and measuring work such as vault sinking, clearance convergence and the like must be carried out in the excavation and support construction process of each step.
According to the method, the operation rack is used for assisting construction in upper step excavation and supporting construction, the operation rack is in a separated combination type and is formed by assembling a left part and a right part, the operation rack is made of light rod pieces, and the weight of each part of the operation rack is controlled, so that the long-arm excavator can be conveniently lifted; the hollow surface of the middle step is larger, so that the number of drilled holes is small, and the simple ladder stand and the split heads are used for assisting construction in excavation and supporting construction; similarly, the lower step can be constructed by the aid of the simple ladder stand and the split heads.
In the excavation and supporting steps of the method, when the height and the length of each step are determined, the requirements of tool arrangement and material stacking sites are required to be met, and sufficient operation space for personnel and machinery is ensured. When the height of each step is determined, the slag tapping workload of the lower step and the supporting workload of the upper step and the middle step are considered to be basically balanced, so that the working procedures of each step are closely and smoothly connected, and the advantage of parallel operation of each step in the method is fully exerted.
Repeated practice shows that the height of the upper step can be 3.5-4.0 m, and the length is 5-7 m; the height of the middle step can be 3.5-3.8 m, and the length is 4-5 m; the height of the lower step can be 3.8-4.5 m, and the length is 15-20 m. In the steps of excavation and supporting, the length of each step is strictly controlled, and each step is synchronously pushed.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
the jade mill railway has a double-track tunnel with the total length of 17476 meters, and is a full-track control engineering I-level risk tunnel. The tunnel body mainly passes through the retention system carbonaceous stratum which mainly comprises carbonaceous slate, carbonaceous shale and phyllite, and the percentage of IV-grade and V-grade surrounding rock is 87%. The IV-level and V-level surrounding rock sections of the tunnel adopt a three-step inverted arch synchronous excavation supporting construction method, and in the tunnel excavation supporting process, the tunnel excavation supporting construction method comprises three parts of an upper step, a middle step and a lower step, synchronous excavation and synchronous supporting are carried out, and the tunnel excavation supporting construction method is circularly and integrally propelled according to three large steps. After the construction method is adopted, the process cycle time is greatly shortened, the single cycle time is shortened to 13.5 hours from the original 22 hours, the monthly average progress of the IV-grade surrounding rock reaches 90-110 m, the monthly average progress of the V-grade surrounding rock reaches 70-90 m, and the work efficiency is improved by about 1/3; the deformation of the primary support of the tunnel is effectively controlled, and the safe construction of the tunnel is guaranteed. The specific implementation is as follows:
as the attached figure, 1 is an upper step; 2 is a middle step; 3 is a lower step; 4 is an inverted arch; 4-1 is an inverted arch primary support; 5, primary support of the arch wall; 5-1 is a system anchor rod; 5-2 is a foot locking anchor rod; 6, advance support; and 7, backfilling hole slag.
Excavating: the tunnel excavation section is divided into an upper step 1, a middle step 2 and a lower step 3, wherein the excavation of the lower step 3 comprises an inverted arch 4. Relatively independent working spaces are formed among the steps, and the steps do not interfere with each other during excavation and supporting. The height of the upper step 1 is 3.8m, and the length is 6 m; the height of the middle step 2 is 3.6m, and the length is 4.5 m; the height of the lower step 3 is 4.4m, and the length is 20 m.
The upper step 1, the middle step 2 and the lower step 3 are simultaneously used for manual wind-holding drill hole drilling operation, the upper step 1 is constructed by the aid of an operation rack, and the middle step 2 and the lower step 3 are constructed by the aid of the simple ladder stand and the split heads.
When the middle step 2 and the lower step 3 are excavated, the left side and the right side are staggered by 1.5-2 m to avoid suspending the arch feet at the two sides of the same steel frame of the previous step.
The middle part of the lower step 3 is dug to be concave so as to meet the requirement that a long-arm wet spraying manipulator is parked near the face of the lower step 3 to backfill the hole slag 7, and the concrete spraying operation can be effectively carried out on the upper step 1.
Before blasting operation, the long-arm excavator is moved to the position near the face of the lower step 3 to backfill the hole slag 7, and the long-arm excavator is used for lifting the operation bench of the upper step 1 to a rear safety position.
The upper step 1, the middle step 2 and the lower step 3 are charged and connected simultaneously, and are detonated sequentially from top to bottom. And after blasting, ventilating and discharging smoke, eliminating potential safety hazards, and then performing primary spraying in time.
A support step: the upper step 1 is sequentially constructed for removing slag, mounting steel frames and other arch wall primary supports 5 and constructing advanced supports 6, and the middle step 2, the lower step 3 and the inverted arch 4 are sequentially constructed for removing slag, mounting steel frames and the like. Except that the slag skimming and the slag discharging need to be carried out in the sequence of top to bottom, the other supporting steps can be carried out independently by each step.
In the step of supporting the upper step 1, a long-arm excavator moves to the middle step 2 along a ramp formed by blasting the hole slag to remove the slag from the upper step 1, the hole slag is completely removed to the middle step 2 and the lower step 3, and then the long-arm excavator and an artificial pneumatic pick are matched to trim the profile of the excavation section. Then, a long-arm excavator is used for supporting the operation rack to the upper step 1, supporting materials such as a steel frame, an anchor rod and a small advanced guide pipe are conveyed to the upper step 1, an operator immediately reaches the upper step 1 through a hole-slag slope to install the steel frame, and a system anchor rod 5-1 and a foot-locking anchor rod 5-2 are used for fixing the steel frame; and after the steel frame is installed and fixed, constructing a forepoling 6.
In the step of supporting the middle step 2, after the operation rack and supporting materials are conveyed to the upper step 1, the middle step 2 is subjected to slag skimming by a long-arm excavator, and after the slag skimming is finished, the outline of the excavated section is trimmed. And then, using a long-arm excavator to convey supporting materials such as steel frames, anchor rods and the like to the middle step 2, enabling an operator to reach the middle step 2 through the hole-slag slope immediately to install the steel frames, and applying a system anchor rod 5-1 and a foot-locking anchor rod 5-2 to fix the steel frames.
In the step of supporting the lower step 3 and the inverted arch 4, after the supporting material is conveyed to the middle step 2, the lower step 3 is loaded with slag by two side dump loaders, and the dump truck is used for conveying the slag. And after the slag is discharged from the lower step 3, finishing the outline of the excavated section, mounting a steel frame on the lower step 3, and fixing the steel frame by using a system anchor rod 5-1 and a foot-locking anchor rod 5-2. Meanwhile, the long-arm excavator cleans 4-hole slag in the inverted arch, starts to clean from the middle section of the inverted arch, and then rotates to the rear section of the inverted arch to load slag; when the inverted arch 4 is cleared of slag, the operator arrives at the upper step 1 through the simple ladder stand to start the next circulation drilling operation. After the slag cleaning of the 4-hole inverted arch is finished, the inverted arch 4 is subjected to inverted arch primary support 4-1 construction such as steel frame installation operation.
Spraying: the concrete is sprayed to the inverted arch 4 and the lower step 3 in sequence, then the inverted arch 4 is backfilled with the hole slag 7, and the long-arm wet spraying manipulator is shifted and then the concrete is sprayed to the middle step 2 and the upper step 1 in sequence.
In the spraying step of the inverted arch 4 and the lower step 3, before the concrete is sprayed, all other operators on each step evacuate through the simple ladder. And (3) parking the long-arm wet spraying manipulator at the middle section of the inverted arch, and spraying concrete to the inverted arch 4 and the lower step 3 in sequence.
In the spraying step of the middle step 2 and the upper step 1, after the concrete spraying of the lower step 3 is finished and the concrete spraying of the inverted arch 4 is solidified, the section between the section 4-1 of the primary support of the inverted arch and the tunnel face of the lower step 3 is backfilled with the hole slag. Then the long arm excavator is moved to the position near the face of the lower step 3 to back fill the hole slag 7, and the working platform frame of the upper step 1 is lifted to the rear open position. And then moving the long-arm wet spraying manipulator to backfill the hole slag 7, and then spraying concrete to the middle step 2 and the upper step 1 in sequence.
After the concrete is sprayed on the upper step 1, the long-arm excavator is moved to backfill hole slag 7, an operation rack and the like are conveyed to the upper step 1, and an operator can reach the upper step 1 and the middle step 2 through the simple ladder stand to continue to perform the next circular drilling operation.
Monitoring and measuring work such as vault sinking, clearance convergence and the like must be carried out in the excavation and support construction process of each step.
Claims (10)
1. A synchronous excavation and support construction method for three step inverted arches of a weak surrounding rock tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
excavating: three-step synchronous drilling, synchronous charging, connecting, sequentially detonating according to the sequence of top, middle and bottom, and the lower step (3) is provided with an inverted arch (4);
a support step: slag is discharged according to the sequence of the upper step (1), the middle step (2) and the lower step (3), and supporting operation such as steel frame installation is carried out on each step after the slag is discharged;
spraying: and concrete is sprayed in sequence according to the sequence of the inverted arch (4), the lower step (3), the middle step (2) and the upper step (1).
2. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the excavating step: before blasting operation, a long-arm excavator is adopted to hoist and move the operation rack on the upper step (1) to a rear safe position.
3. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the supporting step comprises the following steps: firstly, on an upper step (1), digging all the hole slag to a middle step (2) and a lower step (3) and constructing an arch wall primary support (5) and an advance support (6); secondly, on the middle step (2), digging all the hole slag to the lower step (3) and constructing an arch wall primary support (5); thirdly, the lower step (3) is subjected to slag tapping and is used as an arch wall primary support (5); fourthly, deslagging the inverted arch (4), and constructing an inverted arch primary support (4-1).
4. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the length of each step is strictly controlled, the length of the upper step (1) is 5-7 m, the length of the middle step (2) is 4-6 m, the length of the lower step (3) is 15-20 m, and the lengths of the upper step (1) and the middle step (2) are shortened as much as possible; the height of the upper step (1) is 3.5-4.0 m, the height of the middle step (2) is 3.5-3.8 m, and the height of the lower step (3) is 3.8-4.5 m.
5. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the middle step (2) and the lower step (3) are divided into a left part and a right part during excavation construction, and excavation on the left side and the right side is carried out in a staggered mode and staggered by 1.5-2 m.
6. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the middle part of the lower step (3) is dug into a concave shape.
7. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the supporting step comprises the following steps: after the upper step (1) is subjected to slag skimming, a long-arm excavator is used for conveying an operation rack and supporting materials to the upper step (1) through a slag hole slope; after the middle step (2) is subjected to slag skimming, a long-arm excavator is used for conveying supporting materials to the middle step (2) through a slag hole slope; when the inverted arch (4) is cleared of slag, the operator arrives at the upper step (1) through the simple ladder stand to start the next cycle of drilling operation.
8. The construction method for the inverted arch synchronous excavation and support of the weak surrounding rock tunnel with the three steps is characterized in that the spraying step comprises the following steps: firstly, sequentially spraying concrete to the inverted arch (4) and the lower step (3), and then backfilling the hole slag (7) to the inverted arch (4); and moving the long-arm wet spraying manipulator to the position near the face of the lower step (3) to backfill the hole slag (7), and then spraying concrete to the middle step (2) and the upper step (1) in sequence.
9. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: before the upper step (1) is sprayed with concrete, a long-arm excavator is used for hoisting and moving the working bench of the upper step (1) to a rear open position; after the concrete is sprayed, the operation bench and the like are supported to the upper step (1) by using a long-arm excavator, and the excavation step operation of the next cycle is continued.
10. The construction method for synchronously excavating and supporting the three-step inverted arch of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to any one of claims 2, 7 and 9, is characterized in that: the operation bench is in a separation combination type and is formed by assembling a left part and a right part; the light rod is selected to be made, and the weight of each part is not more than two tons.
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