JP2022125774A - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tunnel construction method that does not increase the number of work procedures, does not reduce construction speed, and reduce cost of equipment in tunnel construction.SOLUTION: In a tunnel construction method, steps are performed, the steps including: a step of blasting and drilling a pit face K; a step of crushing muck Za generated by drilling with a crusher 2 and then loading the muck Za on a belt 4c via a tail piece truck 3; a step of spraying concrete to a tunnel wall surface formed by drilling; installing a rock bolt B from the concrete toward an inside of the natural ground; a step of, in a case where the current pit face progress length is equal to or longer than the intermediate frame length, performing in parallel a step of advancing the crusher and the tail piece truck and installing an additional intermediate frame to extend the belt and a step of spraying concrete to the tunnel wall surface formed by drilling.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel construction method.

In tunnel excavation work, there is a blasting method in which a tunnel is excavated by placing dynamite in the bedrock and blowing it up. In this tunnel construction method, concrete is sprayed on the excavated part and hardened, and rock bolts are driven into the bedrock to hold the tunnel using the holding power of the ground itself. be called.

A tunnel construction method using this NATM is shown in the flow chart of FIG. As shown in the figure, first, a charge hole is drilled (step St101), an explosive is loaded (step St102), and blast excavation is performed (step St103). Next, the muck (excavated material) is carried out (step St104). Then, it is determined whether or not to install the steel shoring from the condition of the bedrock, etc. (step St105), and if it is to be installed, concrete is temporarily sprayed (step St106), and the steel shoring is erected. (step St107). If the steel shoring is erected in step St107, or if the steel shoring is not installed in step St105, concrete is sprayed (step St108), and the rock bolts are placed. (step St109). Then, it is determined whether or not the work (for example, the scheduled work for the day) is completed (step St110), and if completed, the series of steps is terminated. If the work is not completed in step St110, the process returns to step St101 and the subsequent steps are repeated.

Now, when a tunnel is constructed by NATM, a method using a dump truck or the like has been conventionally carried out to carry the debris generated by blasting from the face to the tunnel mouth (step St104 in FIG. 26 described above). However, in recent years, a belt conveyor has been used in which the debris generated by blasting is further crushed by a crusher and placed on a belt via a tailpiece carriage. In the case of this belt conveyor, it is possible to prevent exhaust gas pollution and dust pollution in the tunnel by not using a dump truck, etc., and it is possible to improve the safety of the working environment, and the transportation cost can be reduced due to labor saving. can be reduced.

Furthermore, in the belt conveyor, a continuous belt conveyor system is used in which the face side of the belt can be extended so that the shear can be conveyed consistently from the face to the underground. According to this, since the movement distance of the heavy machine for loading the crusher can be shortened, the transportation work efficiency can be improved.

When using a continuous belt conveyor system, a self-propelled crusher (a device that crushes excavated mud) is placed on the tunnel face side, followed by a tail piece trolley (a device that loads the crushed mud on the belt). Put the crushed muck on the belt. In addition, when moving the tailpiece truck forward, the belt is tensioned by a storage cassette (a device that stores the belt necessary for stretching and has the function of applying tension to the belt itself) installed near the tunnel entrance. loosen and pull out the belt. This movement of the tailpiece truck is often carried out together with other maintenance on the weekend after one week of tunnel excavation. The belt running power in the continuous belt conveyor system is provided by a main drive device installed near the storage cassette.

As described above, the shear of the face excavated by blasting is transported to the shear inlet of the self-propelled crusher by the side dump. The excavated rock thrown into the self-propelled crusher by the side dump is crushed finely and conveyed to the wellhead by a continuous belt via the tailpiece truck.

In the case of blast excavation, the length of one excavation is generally 1.0 to 1.5 m, although it varies depending on the properties and conditions of the rock to be excavated. Also, when performing blasting, the self-propelled crusher at the head of the face side needs to stand by at a position where the flying debris from blasting does not reach. In addition, when the side dump truck transports the sludge from the face to the self-propelled crusher, it is necessary to have a working space for operating the breaker and backhoe at the face and a working space for loading the sludge by the side dump. , the working space length is about 20 m.

Then, in the slurry carrying-out step (step St104) of carrying the slurry from the working face to the pit of the tunnel (step St104), as described above, if tunnel excavation is carried out for a week, the working face advances and the distance between the working face and the self-propelled crusher increases. As a result, the moving distance of the side dump becomes longer, and a problem arises in that it takes a long time to transport the muck and the construction speed decreases. In relation to this, a technique has been proposed in which a retractable conveying device is interposed between the self-propelled crusher and the tail piece carriage so that the self-propelled crusher is retracted during blasting and moved to the face side during shear transfer. (Patent Document 1).

In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor arranged in tandem form an extendable conveying device. After excavating the face with the tip of the self-propelled crusher separated from the face by a predetermined retraction length, the primary conveyor is moved to a position where the tip of the self-propelled crusher is separated from the face by a given working space length. move forward towards Subsequently, the debris around the face is crushed by a self-propelled crusher and transported to the pit mouth by a transport device, a tailpiece trolley and a continuous belt conveyor. After the shear transportation is completed, the primary conveyor is retracted until the tip of the self-propelled crusher is separated from the face by a predetermined retraction length, and the secondary conveyor is advanced toward the face in preparation for the next excavation. . After the shear transportation is completed, the tailpiece carriage is advanced toward the face after or simultaneously with the advance of the secondary conveyor to extend the belt.

JP 2017-190664 A

However, when construction is performed by the technique described in Patent Document 1, the number of work procedures increases due to the need to move between the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor that constitute the telescopic conveying device, and the construction speed decreases. A problem arises in that the equipment cost of the conveying device itself also increases.

The present invention was made in view of the above technical background, and its object is to reduce the construction speed without increasing work procedures in tunnel construction in which excavated material is carried out by a continuous belt conveyor system in a blasting excavation method. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of suppressing equipment costs without causing any problems.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the tunnel construction method according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized by: In a continuous belt conveyor system for continuously conveying excavated material from the face to the pit mouth, the belt can be stretched in accordance with the progress of the face, with the tip of the crusher separated from the face by a predetermined length. (b) after the (a) step, the excavated debris is crushed by the crusher and then loaded onto the belt via the tailpiece carriage; (c) the (b) After the step, a step of spraying concrete on the tunnel wall surface formed by excavation in the step (a); and (d) after the step (c), driving rock bolts from the concrete into the natural ground. and (e) the current face progress length obtained by adding the excavation length excavated in the step (a) to the previous face progress length is the length of the intermediate frame on which the carrier roller supporting the belt is stretched in the belt conveyor. When the length of the intermediate frame is at least one frame length or longer, the crusher and the tailpiece truck are advanced after the step (b) and before the step (d), and the intermediate frame is newly moved. A step of installing a frame to stretch the belt and a step of performing step (c) in parallel are performed.

The tunnel construction method of the present invention according to claim 2 is the tunnel construction method according to the invention according to claim 1, wherein the face is removed in the step (a) after the step (b) and before the step (c). is characterized by executing a step of installing a steel shoring at the excavated location.

The tunnel construction method of the present invention according to claim 3 is the tunnel construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of blasting and excavating the face in the step (a) includes drilling a charge hole in the face. a step of charging an explosive into the charge hole; and a step of excavating the face by detonating the explosive.

According to the present invention, the steps of advancing the crusher and tailpiece carriage, stretching the belt, and spraying concrete are performed in parallel. As a result, the surplus workers involved in the belt stretching work are allowed to carry out the concrete spraying work, and the tunnel excavation work can proceed efficiently.

Therefore, in tunnel construction, the number of work procedures does not increase, the construction speed does not decrease, and equipment costs can be suppressed.

(a) is a plan view of a continuous belt conveyor system used in the tunnel construction method according to the present embodiment, and (b) is a side view of the continuous belt conveyor system of (a). FIG. 2 is a side view showing a crusher that constitutes the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is a side view showing a tailpiece carriage that constitutes the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. 1 and a belt conveyor in the vicinity of the tailpiece carriage; FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a belt conveyor that constitutes the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. 1; 5 is a side view of FIG. 4; FIG. 2 is a front view showing a relationship between a carrier roller and a return roller provided on a belt conveyor that constitutes the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. 1 and the belt. FIG. It is a front view which shows the attachment structure of the belt conveyor with respect to the tunnel in the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a method of connecting belts in a belt storage that constitutes the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. 1; 4 is a flow chart showing a tunnel construction method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of tunnel construction at a predetermined point in time according to the present embodiment; FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 10 ; FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 11; FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 12 ; FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 13 ; FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 14 ; FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 15 ; FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 16; FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 17; FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment following FIG. 18 ; FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 19 ; FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 21; FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. 23 ; FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of progress of the construction of the tunnel according to the present embodiment, following FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the construction method of the conventional tunnel.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment as an example of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings for describing the embodiments, in principle, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.

First, a configuration example of a continuous belt conveyor system used in the excavation direction of a tunnel according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 1(a) is a plan view of the continuous belt conveyor system used in the tunnel construction method according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1(b) is a side view of the continuous belt conveyor system of FIG. 1(a). be.

The continuous belt conveyor system 1 of the present embodiment is a system for transporting the debris (excavated material) generated when the face K of the tunnel T is excavated by blasting to the tunnel T mouth. A crushing means 2, a tailpiece carriage 3 and a belt conveyor 4 are arranged in tandem in order from the face K toward the pit.

The crusher 2 is a self-propelled crusher that crushes the debris generated by blasting into a size that can be carried by the belt conveyor 4 . In this embodiment, the crusher 2 has a throughput of, for example, 400 t/h (267 m ³ /h). Moreover, the diameter of the shear after crushing is, for example, 300 mm or less. Furthermore, the crushing capacity is, for example, 280 t/h.

The tailpiece truck 3 is a self-propelled relay conveying device that conveys the scrap crushed by the crusher 2 to the belt conveyor 4, and is installed at the tip of the belt conveyor 4 (that is, on the face K side of the belt conveyor 4). there is

The belt conveyor 4 is a conveying device that carries the sludge carried via the tailpiece carriage 3 toward the mouth of the tunnel T on a long conveying belt 4c. It is installed in a state of being continuously extended from the end to the tunnel T side.

Further, the continuous belt conveyor system 1 is provided with a belt storage 5 for storing extra length belts (stretching belts) and applying appropriate tension to the belts 4c.

In addition to these, the continuous belt conveyor system 1 also includes a belt joint stand 5s (FIG. 8) for adding the belt 4c when the excess belt stored in the belt storage 5 runs out, and a belt 4c circulating drive. A main drive (not shown) which is the main drive for driving, a booster drive (not shown) which drives the belt 4c in the daytime part of the belt conveyor 4, ventilation and electric equipment (not shown) for controlling each device ) etc. are arranged.

As shown in the figure, the continuous belt conveyor system 1 is in a state of being pulled to one side of the tunnel T in the width direction, and the other side of the tunnel T in the width direction is the wall surface of the excavated bedrock. A spraying machine (not shown) for spraying concrete on, a face drilling machine (not shown) for drilling a hole (charge hole) for loading blasting into the face K, and a crusher 2 for removing the shear generated by blasting A self-propelled side dump 7 equipped with a shovel 7a for loading into a carriage, a heavy loading machine such as a backhoe, and a breaker (not shown) for crushing, excavating, breaking into small rocks, etc. It can be used as a passageway for various heavy machinery. Further, the work site is assigned a material storage area (not shown) for stocking rock bolts, steel shoring, and the like.

In such a continuous belt conveyor system 1, at the time of blasting, the tip of the crusher 2 located at the front has a retraction length D (see FIGS. 10 and 25 to be described later) to the extent that the shear scattered from the face K does not reach. is placed at an vacant retraction position DP (see FIGS. 10 to 25, which will be described later). As a result, it is possible to prevent the crusher 2, the tailpiece carriage 3, and the belt conveyor 4 from being damaged due to the shear scattered from the face K during blasting. It should be noted that although it depends on the condition of the bedrock, etc., the retraction length D is about 40 m from the face K, for example.

When transporting the blasted debris, the side dump 7 moves toward the face K, and the excavated debris is dumped into the crusher 2 by the shovel 7a.

Next, the crusher 2, the tail piece carriage 3, the belt conveyor 4, and the belt storage 5, which are the components of the continuous belt conveyor system 1, will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 8. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the crusher, FIG. 3 is a side view showing the tail piece carriage and the belt conveyor near the tail piece carriage, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the belt conveyor, and FIG. 6 is a front view showing the relationship between the carrier roller and the return roller provided on the belt conveyor and the belt, FIG. 7 is a front view showing the mounting structure of the belt conveyor to the tunnel, and FIG. 8 is a belt in the belt storage. is a conceptual diagram showing a connection method of .

As described above, the crusher 2 is a self-propelled crusher that crushes the debris generated by blasting into a size that can be carried by the belt conveyor 4 . As shown in FIG. 2, the crusher 2 integrally includes a traveling section 2a, a shear input section 2b, a shear crushing section 2c, and a belt conveyor section 2d.

The traveling portion 2a of the crusher 2 is a mechanical portion for making the crusher 2 self-propelled, and is composed of, for example, an endless track. The endless track is constructed by attaching a crawler belt (crawler), which is constructed by connecting a plurality of steel tracks in an endless loop like a chain, around a plurality of rotating rollers. However, the traveling portion 2a is not limited to being configured with an endless track, and various modifications are possible. For example, it may be configured to travel with tire wheels.

The slurry input section 2b of the crusher 2 is a conveying means for carrying the slurry introduced into the slurry input section 2b to the shear crushing section 2c, and includes a feeder 2ba and a hopper 2bb integrally mounted on a frame above the feeder 2ba. I have. The feeder 2ba of the present embodiment is constituted by a grizzly feeder integrally including a trough and a downstream grizzly deck (both not shown). The trough is a plate that receives the slush introduced through the hopper 2bb of the slush introduction section 2b, and feeds the received slurp onto the grizzly deck in front. In addition, the grizzly deck has a mechanism for sifting out the scraps of sizes that do not need to be crushed out of the scraps sent from the trough and placing them on a belt conveyor (not shown) installed below the grizzly deck. Department.

The shear crushing section 2c of the crusher 2 is a mechanical section for crushing the shear to a predetermined size (diameter), and is composed of, for example, a single toggle jaw crusher. However, for the shear crushing unit 2c, for example, a double toggle type jaw crusher or a low head type jaw crusher may be used.

The belt conveyor section 2d of the crusher 2 is a transport means for carrying the debris discharged from the shear crushing section 2c of the crusher 2 to the belt 4c of the tailpiece carriage 3 positioned behind the tunnel T in the longitudinal direction. The crusher 2 is arranged so that the leading end of the belt conveyor portion 2d overlaps above the belt 4c of the tailpiece carriage 3 when the crusher 2 is transported. In addition, the shear carrying capacity of the belt conveyor portion 2d is, for example, 600 t/h.

Next, the tail piece carriage 3 shown in FIG. 4c, it is equipped with an endless track type moving device 3a similar to the traveling portion 2a of the crusher 2, and has a structure capable of self-propelled forward and backward along the extending direction of the tunnel T. As shown in FIG.

The tailpiece carriage 3 is connected to a support base at the tip of the belt conveyor 4 by a wire rope or the like. 4c can also be extended toward the face K.

On the tailpiece carriage 3, belt receiving rollers 3ba that tilt forward toward the face K and support the belt 4c that circulates between the belt conveyor 4 are rotatably installed at regular intervals along the length direction. A forward-inclined frame 3b is provided, and a return pulley 3c, which is a pulley for folding back the belt 4c from the return side to the carrier side, is installed at the tip of the forward-inclined frame 3b. Further, a shear throwing portion into which the slip discharged from the crusher 2 is thrown is provided on the side of the return pulley 3c from the center of the forward tilting frame 3b in the longitudinal direction.

A conveyor belt lift device 3 d is provided above the rear portion of the tail piece carriage 3 . The conveyor belt lift device 3d lifts the belt 4c when the belt 4c is stretched and constructs a belt support mechanism such as an intermediate frame (to be described later). A plurality of winches 3dc are suspended to vertically move the free rollers 3db that support from below.

A jib crane device 3e is provided ahead of the conveyor belt lift device 3d. The jib crane device 3e is composed of a horizontal arm 3eb that is rotatably attached to the main pillar 3ea, and a plurality of winches 3ec that are traversably attached along the horizontal arm 3eb. Parts and members for constructing the belt support mechanism brought into the tunnel T are suspended by the winch 3ec from the lower side of the tunnel toward the center of the tunnel, rotated, and lifted to the rear part of the tailpiece carriage 3. - 特許庁

In the vicinity of the conveyor belt lift device 3d and the jib crane device 3e, a work stage 3f is provided for a worker to construct the belt support mechanism when stretching the belt 4c.

Outriggers 3g are installed at the four corners of the tailpiece carriage 3 to improve stability during work and prevent overturning of the apparatus.

Next, the belt conveyor 4 is a conveying device that transports the scraps carried via the tailpiece truck 3 toward the entrance of the tunnel T by mounting it on a belt 4c that rotates between the tailpiece truck 3 and the tailpiece truck 3. , the shear carrying capacity is, for example, 600 t/h. A head pulley 6 (FIG. 1) is provided at the trailing end of the belt conveyor 4 in the shear conveying direction, which is the pit side end, for folding back the belt 4c from the carrier side to the return side. Therefore, the belt 4c circulates up and down so as to draw an endless track between the return pulley 3c of the tailpiece carriage 3 and the head pulley 6 of the belt conveyor 4. 4ca, the lower belt 4c conveys the scrap and then turns back to become the return side belt 4cb returning to the face K side.

Now, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the belt conveyor 4 has one end fixed to the wall of the tunnel T and the other end supported by a hanging wire 8a from the tunnel wall so that it extends in the width direction of the tunnel T. and a pair of intermediate frames 4a extending in the length direction of the tunnel T supported by the support members 4b. . The intermediate frames 4a have a predetermined length (intermediate frame length S) (3.6 m in this embodiment) and are continuously connected to form substantially the entire length of the belt conveyor 4. As shown in FIG. The support member 4b supports a position about 20 cm from the end of the intermediate frame 4a on the face K side of the intermediate frame 4a. The support member 4b is attached by a worker on a work stage 4f installed at the rear of the tailpiece carriage 3, the details of which will be described later.

Here, the intermediate frame 4a of the present embodiment has an intermediate frame length S of, for example, 3.6 m, but is not limited to this. 4a may be used. Further, the support position of the intermediate frame 4a by the support member 4b does not have to be 20 cm as described above.

As shown in FIG. 6, a carrier roller Rc that supports the carrier-side belt 4ca and a return roller Rr that supports the return-side belt 4cb are rotatably installed so as to be stretched over a pair of intermediate frames 4a. there is Further, the carrier rollers Rc are installed at two locations spaced apart in the lengthwise direction of the pair of intermediate frames 4a, and the return roller Rr is installed at one location between these carrier rollers Rc. The carrier roller Rc is attached to the intermediate frame 4a through the roller frame Rf, but the return roller Rr is directly attached to the intermediate frame 4a.

The carrier roller Rc is positioned on the side of the pair of intermediate frames 4a and has two side rollers Rca whose rotating shafts are inclined downward toward the center, and the carrier rollers Rc are positioned between these side rollers Rca and have their rotating shafts horizontal. and a center roller Rcb. The center roller Rcb is arranged at a position slightly displaced from the side roller Rca in the running direction of the belt 4c. In addition, when viewed from the front, the center roller Rcb forms a bottom surface, and the side rollers Rca located on both sides of the center roller Rcb form a trough shape with gentle slopes. A straight reinforcing rod F is provided between the side roller Rca and the center roller Rcb, and spans between the pair of intermediate frames 4a. On the other hand, the return roller Rr is a single straight roller stretched over the pair of intermediate frames 4a, and also serves to reinforce the pair of intermediate frames 4a.

Therefore, in the carrier-side belt 4ca that runs while being supported by the valley-shaped carrier rollers Rc as described above, both sides in the width direction are slanted and raised, making it difficult for the transported shear to fall on the way.

Now, such a belt conveyor 4 is attached to the tunnel wall TW with a support member 4b, as shown in FIG. One end of the support member 4b is driven into the side of the tunnel wall TW by the suspension wire 8a, one end of which is attached to a suspension metal fitting 8c fastened to a concrete anchor 8b driven into the upper part of the tunnel wall TW. The other ends are attached to fixing metal fittings 8e fastened to the anchors 8d, and are mounted in a horizontal state with respect to the width direction of the tunnel T. As shown in FIG. The intermediate frame 4a is supported by the supporting member 4b, the carrier-side belt 4ca runs on the carrier roller Rc, and the return-side belt 4cb runs on the return roller Rr, thereby rotating the belt 4c.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the belt storage 5 is a mechanism unit for storing the extra length belt (stretching belt) 4cs and applying an appropriate tension to the belt 4c. , for example, a 300 m (150 m stretched) extra length belt 4cs is stocked. The surplus belt 4cs is stretched over a storage pulley 5a provided in the belt storage 5. As shown in FIG. A plurality of storage pulleys 5a are arranged vertically at respective front and rear positions in the belt storage 5, and can approach and separate from each other in the front and rear direction. In addition, the front and rear storage pulleys 5a have different heights, and the storage pulleys 5a maintain a predetermined front-to-rear spacing, so that the stretched surplus length belt 4cs is always appropriately tensioned. Granted. The storage amount of the extra length belt 4cs is not limited to 300m, but generally about 150 to 400m is stocked.

When the tailpiece carriage 3 is advanced toward the face K in accordance with the excavation of the tunnel T, the extra length belt 4cs is pulled out from the belt storage 5 and the conveying portion at the tip of the belt conveyor 4 is moved to the face K. It is possible to extend towards.

Here, a method of connecting the belt 4c in the belt storage 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8(a) to 8(f). These drawings continuously show the connection method of the belt 4c, and FIG. 8(a) shows a state in which the extra length belt 4cs is stocked to the maximum. In the state shown in FIG. 8(a), as described above, the carrier-side belt 4ca transports the scrap toward the tunnel T mouth, turns it over at the head pulley 6 to become the return-side belt 4cb, and travels through the belt storage 5. After traveling, return to the face K side.

Then, when there is no slippage on the belt conveyor 4, the running of the belt 4c is stopped, and the tailpiece carriage 3 is advanced toward the face K, as shown in FIG. 8(b). Arranged storage pulleys 5a are moved in a direction toward each other to pull out the surplus belt 4cs stocked in the belt storage 5, and the conveying portion at the tip of the belt conveyor 4 extends toward the face K. . After that, after the support member 4b and the intermediate frame 4a are installed in the manner described later and the belt 4c is stretched, the belt 4c is run to resume shear transportation.

By repeating this operation, as shown in FIG. 8(c), when the excess length belt 4cs that has been stocked runs out, as shown in FIG. 8(d), the belt 4c is cut and the belt roll 4cr is is set on the belt joint stand 5s, and one end of the belt roll 4cr is vulcanized and joined to the pull-in side of the cut belt 4c to the belt storage 5. As shown in FIG.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8(e), a new belt 4c (that is, a belt roll 4cr) is installed by moving the storage pulleys 5a arranged in front and behind in the belt storage 5 in directions away from each other. Pull into the belt storage 5.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 8(f), the other end of the belt roll 4cr is vulcanized and joined to the other end of the cut belt 4c to complete the connection work.

Next, an example of a tunnel construction method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 25. FIG. The excavation method is NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method). This is a construction method that uses the holding force of the mountain itself to hold the tunnel. Here, FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the tunnel construction method according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. In FIGS. 10 to 25, dotted lines extending to the left and right indicate areas where concrete is sprayed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel T, and reference numeral B indicates rock bolts placed in the concrete. 11 to 14, 16 to 19, and 21 to 23, symbol Za indicates the shear generated by blasting, and symbol Zb indicates the shear discharged from the crusher 2. As shown in FIG.

Here, as shown in FIG. 10, in tunnel construction, the concrete is sprayed and the rock bolts B are driven into the hardened concrete up to the face K1 after the excavated mud is transported.

Now, in the flow chart of FIG. 9, first, a charging hole is drilled (step St01). Here, charge holes for loading explosives are drilled by a face drill at planned positions in the face. Next, explosives are loaded (step St02). Here, an explosive is loaded into the charge hole and a detonator for detonation is set. Next, blasting excavation is performed (step St03). As shown in FIG. 10, here, the worker and the tip of the crusher 2 located at the head of the continuous belt conveyor system 1 from the face K1 are retracted with a retraction length D that does not reach the shear scattered from the face K1. After retreating to position DP, the explosive is detonated and the bedrock is excavated.

As shown in FIG. 11, the excavation of the bedrock by blasting advances the face K1 to the face K2 and generates debris (excavated material) Za.

Therefore, next, the shear Za is carried out (step St04). That is, as shown in FIG. 12 , the shovel 7 a of the side dump 7 or the like throws the slush Za into the crusher 2 , and the slush Zb crushed by the crusher 2 is transferred to the tailpiece carriage 3 . As a result, the debris Zb is loaded on the belt 4c, sent from the tailpiece truck 3 to the belt conveyor 4, transported toward the entrance of the tunnel T by the belt 4c, and carried out of the tunnel.

When carrying out the mud Za, a breaker is used to scrape the excavated surface or the surrounding ground (to scrape off loose rocks and overhanging parts) and to break up the huge mud into small pieces, and the scattered mud is accumulated on the face. A backhoe is used for

Next, it is determined whether or not to install steel shoring based on the condition of the bedrock (step St05), and if so, concrete is temporarily sprayed (step St06). That is, prior to carrying out the erection work of the steel shoring, in order to ensure the safety of the workers, a spray machine is used to thinly (for example, about 5 to 10 cm) concrete. spray. If the steel shoring is not installed in step St05, the process proceeds to step St08, which will be described later. Now, if the temporary spraying of concrete is carried out in step St06, erection of the steel shoring is carried out (step St07). That is, erection of the steel shoring is carried out using the erector mounted on the spray gun. If the spray machine is not equipped with an erector, a face punch is used.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that it was determined not to install the steel shoring in step St05 because the ground is in good condition. Steps St06 and St07 are therefore skipped and therefore no steel shoring is shown in the drawing.

Now, when the transport of the shear Za near the face K2 is completed, the face advancing length is calculated (step St08). The face progress length is the current face progress length MT2 obtained by adding the excavation length Me excavated in step St03 to the previous face progress length MT1 before excavation in step St03. That is, it is the face advancing length calculated by "MT2=MT1+Me". Here, in the present embodiment, the excavation length Me for one excavation is set to 1.2 m. Then, the previous face progressing length MT1 is 0 m (in the case shown in FIG. 10, the intermediate frame 4a constituting the belt conveyor 4 is connected to the tail piece carriage 3, so in other words, the stretching operation of the belt 4c is completed. Since the machine is in a state where the machine is in a state where the machine is in a state where the face position advances from the newly excavated face K1, it becomes necessary to extend the belt 4c. MT2 becomes 1.2 m at "0+1.2" m, which is the value of the excavation length Me as shown in FIG.

The excavation length for one excavation by blasting excavation varies depending on the rock bed to be excavated, but is generally about 1.0 to 1.5 m.

If the current face progression length MT2 (face progression length) is obtained in step St08 in this manner, the current face progression length MT2 is equal to or greater than the intermediate frame length S (the length of one intermediate frame 4a) (MT2≧S). ) (step St09). Here, in this embodiment, the intermediate frame length S is assumed to be 3.6 m. As described above, since the current face travel length MT2 is 1.2 m, the current face travel length MT2 is not equal to or greater than the intermediate frame length S (the current face travel length MT2 is less than the intermediate frame length S). Proceeding to the next step, concrete is sprayed (step St10). That is, using a sprayer, concrete is sprayed to a predetermined thickness as a coating material on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T (the inner wall surface of the portion indicated by the excavation length Me in FIG. 14). The thickness of the sprayed concrete is, for example, about 10 to 25 cm. Subsequently, the face advancing length is updated (step St11). Updating the face progression length means substituting the current face progression length MT2 into the new previous face progression length MT1. That is, by setting "MT1=MT2", 1.2 m, which is the current face travel length MT2, is set as the new previous face travel length MT1.

Now, when the concrete sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T is hardened, the rock bolts B are driven (step St12). That is, using a face boring machine, holes are drilled radially from the center of the tunnel T toward the inside of the natural ground, and metal rock bolts are driven deep into the tunnel to fix the natural ground and the concrete. unify. A plurality of lock bolts B are installed at predetermined intervals. Further, the number and length of the rock bolts B are determined in advance by conducting a geological survey. FIG. 14 shows a state in which concrete is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T (the portion of the excavated length Me) and the rock bolt B is driven.

Then, it is determined whether or not the work (for example, scheduled work for one day or half a day) is completed (step St13), and if completed, the series of steps is terminated. Here, it is determined that the work has not been completed, and the process returns to step St01, and the work of excavating the bedrock by blasting, the work of transporting the debris Za, and the like are sequentially repeated.

That is, a charging hole is drilled (step St01), an explosive is loaded (step St02), and blasting excavation is performed (step St03). As shown in FIG. 15, the crusher 2 is not moved and remains at the retreat position DP, and the explosive charged in the face K2 is detonated to excavate the bedrock.

As shown in FIG. 16, the excavation of the bedrock by blasting advances the face K2 to the face K3 and generates shear Za. Therefore, next, the shear Za is carried out (step St04). That is, as shown in FIG. 17, the shovel 7a or the like of the side dump 7 throws the debris Za into the crusher 2 and crushes it, and the crushed debris Zb is loaded onto the belt 4c of the tailpiece truck 3, and the belt conveyor 4 drives the pit. carry outside.

Next, it is determined whether or not to install the steel shoring (step St05), but since the steel shoring is not installed in the present embodiment, steps St06 and St07 are skipped and the process proceeds to step St08. and calculate the face advance length. In the previous step St11, the face progressing length was updated and the previous face progressing length MT1 became 1.2 m. 18, the current face advancing length MT2 (=MT1+Me) is "1.2+1.2" m, which is 2.4 m.

When the current face progression length MT2 (face progression length) is obtained in step St08, it is determined whether or not the current face progression length MT2 is equal to or greater than the intermediate frame length S (MT2≧S) (step St09). As described above, the intermediate frame length S in this embodiment is 3.6 m, and the current face progress length MT2 obtained is 2.4 m. .

Therefore, next, concrete is sprayed onto the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T (the inner wall surface of the portion indicated by the excavation length Me in FIG. 18) (step St10). Subsequently, the face advancing length is updated (step St11). Updating the face progression length is to substitute the current face progression length MT2 into the new previous face progression length MT1 (MT1=MT2). do.

Next, when the concrete sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T hardens, the rock bolts B are driven (step St12). FIG. 19 shows a state in which concrete is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T (the portion of the excavated length Me) and the rock bolt B is driven.

Then, it is determined whether or not the work is completed (step St13). Here, it is determined that the work is not completed, and the process returns to the above-described step St01. etc. are repeated sequentially.

That is, a charging hole is drilled (step St01), an explosive is loaded (step St02), and blasting excavation is performed (step St03). As shown in FIG. 20, the crusher 2 is not moved and remains at the retracted position DP, and the explosive charged in the face K2 is detonated to excavate the bedrock.

As shown in FIG. 21, the excavation of the bedrock by blasting advances the face K3 to the face K4 and generates shear Za. Therefore, next, the shear Za is carried out (step St04). That is, as shown in FIG. 22, the shovel 7a or the like of the side dump 7 throws the slush Za into the crusher 2 and crushes it. carry outside.

Next, it is determined whether or not to install the steel shoring (step St05), but since the steel shoring is not installed in the present embodiment, steps St06 and St07 are skipped and the process proceeds to step St08. and calculate the face advance length. In the previous step St11, the face progressing length was updated and the previous face progressing length MT1 was 2.4 m. 23, the current face advancing length MT2 (=MT1+Me) is "2.4+1.2" m, which is 3.6 m.

When the current face progression length MT2 (face progression length) is obtained in step St08, it is determined whether or not the current face progression length MT2 is equal to or greater than the intermediate frame length S (MT2≧S) (step St09). As described above, the intermediate frame length S in this embodiment is 3.6 m, and the current face travel length MT2 obtained is 3.6 m, so the current face travel length MT2 is equal to or greater than the intermediate frame length S. .

Therefore, the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 are advanced and the belt 4c of the belt conveyor 4 is stretched (step St14). Here, the forward length L of the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 and the extension length L of the belt 4c are made equal to the length S of the intermediate frame. That is, "L=S".

Here, the reason why the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 are advanced and the belt 4c is stretched when the current face advancing length MT2 becomes equal to or longer than the intermediate frame length S is as follows.

That is, regarding the carrying out of the mud Za (step St04), when the side dump 7 transports the mud Za from the face to the self-propelled crusher 2, the breaker and the backhoe are also operated at the face, so a predetermined work space is required. Is required. The working space length is about 20 m from the face K. Since the retraction length D of the crusher 2 during blasting is about 40 m, when the crusher 2 is closest to the face K side at a position where it is not necessary to retract during blasting, the traveling distance of the side dump 7 is not very long. Therefore, the construction speed of shear transportation is not greatly reduced. However, as the face K advances during excavation, the traveling distance of the side dump 7 for throwing the generated shear Za into the crusher 2 increases, and the construction speed gradually decreases. In order to prevent this, the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 should be advanced and the belt 4c should be stretched before the construction speed is reduced. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the fact that the current face advancing length MT2 is greater than or equal to the intermediate frame length S is used as a trigger to advance the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 and extend the belt 4c.

In advancing the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 and extending the belt 4c, first, as shown in FIG. Pulleys 5a for storage at front and rear positions installed in the storage 5 are brought closer to each other to loosen the tension of the belt 4c, and the belt 4c is pulled out from the belt storage 5 while the tailpiece carriage 3 is advanced by the intermediate frame length S (advancement). length L=S). As illustrated, this places the crusher 2 at the retraction position DP with a new retraction length D therebetween.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 25, the intermediate frame 4a is placed on the support member 4b to stretch the belt 4c. Specifically, a worker rides on the work stage 3f of the tailpiece carriage 3 and performs the work. Build and place the belt 4c. Next, as described with reference to FIG. 7, the support member 4b is mounted horizontally with respect to the width direction of the tunnel T, and the pair of existing intermediate frames 4a are connected to the support member 4b. , install a new pair of intermediate frames 4a. Then, the carrier roller Rc and the return roller Rr are attached to the newly installed intermediate frame 4a, and the conveyor belt lift device 3d is operated again to lower the lifted stretched portion of the belt 4c, thereby placing the carrier on the carrier roller Rc. The side belt 4ca is placed on the return roller Rr, and the return side belt 4cb is placed on the return roller Rr. After that, the belt conveyor 4 is finely adjusted such as meandering of the belt 4c.

Now, in step St09, if the current face progressing length MT2 is equal to or greater than the intermediate frame length S, in parallel with such step St14 (advancement of the crusher 2 and the tailpiece carriage 3 and extension of the belt 4c of the belt conveyor 4), Then, concrete is sprayed (step St15). The spraying of concrete in step St15 is the same work as the spraying of concrete in step St10 already described. Concrete is sprayed to a predetermined thickness as a covering material on the inner wall surface at the location indicated by the length Me.

Here, the reason why step St14 (advancing the crusher 2 and the tailpiece truck 3 and stretching the belt 4c of the belt conveyor 4) and step St15 (spraying concrete) are performed in parallel is as follows.

That is, while the stretching of the belt 4c takes about 30 minutes, the concrete spraying takes about 60 minutes. In addition, in each work process in tunnel construction, concrete spraying work can be handled with about two people, the operator of the spraying machine and an observer, but other work processes require 5 to 6 workers. is. In this way, the stretching work of the belt 4c can be handled by two or three workers. This is because the tunnel excavation work can be efficiently advanced by performing the spraying work in parallel.

Now, when the parallel work of steps St14 and St15 is completed, the face advance length is updated (step St16). Here, updating the face progress length means substituting a value (MT2-S) obtained by subtracting the intermediate frame length S from the current face progress length MT2 into the new face progress length MT1 of the previous time. That is, it is the face advancing length calculated by "MT1=MT2-S". Here, as described above, the current face progression length MT2 is 3.6 m and the intermediate frame length S is also 3.6 m, so the new previous face progression length MT1 is "3.6-3.6" m becomes 0 m.

After that, when the concrete sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T hardens in the aforementioned step St15, the rock bolts B are driven (step St12). 24 and 25 show a state in which concrete is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated portion of the tunnel T (the portion of the excavated length Me in FIG. 23) and the rock bolt B is driven.

Then, it is determined whether or not the work is completed (step St13), and if completed, the series of steps is terminated. On the other hand, if it is determined that the work has not been completed, the process returns to step St01, and the work of excavating the bedrock by blasting, the work of transporting the debris Za, and the like are sequentially repeated.

In the construction of Tunnel T, in addition to the above-described work from excavating the bedrock to placing rock bolts, a waterproof sheet is attached to prevent water from leaking into Tunnel T, and lining concrete is placed. A semi-cylindrical formwork (centre) is fitted to finish the concrete wall. Such finishing operations are performed, for example, every other day.

As described above, according to the construction method of the tunnel T of the present embodiment, when the face advancing length MT2 becomes equal to or longer than the intermediate frame length S, the crusher 2 and the tailpiece truck 3 move forward and the belt 4c moves. The stretching process and the concrete spraying process are performed in parallel. In this way, by performing the stretching work of the belt 4c and the spraying work of concrete in parallel, the surplus workers involved in the stretching work of the belt 4c are allowed to carry out the spraying work of concrete, thereby excavating the tunnel. You can work efficiently.

Therefore, in tunnel construction, the number of work procedures does not increase, the construction speed does not decrease, and equipment costs can be suppressed.

As described above, the invention made by the present inventor was specifically described based on the embodiment, but the embodiment disclosed in this specification is an example in all respects, and is limited to the technology disclosed. not a thing That is, the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed in a restrictive manner based on the description of the above embodiments, but should be construed according to the description of the scope of claims. All modifications are included as long as they do not deviate from the description technology and equivalent technology and the gist of the claims.

For example, in the present embodiment, when the current face advancing length MT2 becomes equal to or greater than one intermediate frame length S, the crusher 2 and the tail piece carriage 3 are advanced and the belt 4c is stretched, and the concrete However, these steps may be performed in parallel when the face progressing length MT2 is two or more of the intermediate frame length S this time. . In other words, these processes may be performed in parallel when the length of the intermediate frame S is equal to or longer than at least one frame.

Further, in the flowchart of FIG. 9, steps St05 to St07 relating to installation of the steel shoring are executed after step St04 (shear transportation) and before step St08 (calculation of face advancing length). However, it may be done any time after step St04 (grafting) and before steps St10 and St15 (concrete spraying).

Further, in the flowchart of FIG. 9, the parallel processing of step St10 (concrete spraying) and step St14 (advancing the crusher 2 and tailpiece carriage 3 and stretching the belt 4c) and step St15 (concrete spraying) are respectively After step St09 (whether MT2≧S or not) and before step St11 and step St16 (updating the face advancing length), if the steel shoring is not installed, If it is after step St04 (sheath transportation), when installing the steel shoring, it may be done any time after the step of installing the steel shoring.

Further, step St08 (calculation of face advancing length) can be performed during execution of step St04 (shear transportation) (that is, during shear transportation).

Furthermore, in the above description, the excavation length Me for one excavation is 1.2 m and the intermediate frame length S is 3.6 m, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these numerical values. stomach. Here, in this embodiment in which the excavation length Me for one excavation is 1.2 m and the intermediate frame length S is 3.6 m, the face advancing length is 3.6 m after three excavations, and the intermediate frame length S However, for example, if the excavation length Me for one excavation is 1.2 m and the intermediate frame length S is 3.0 m, three excavations will increase the face progress length. 3.6 m, and the carry-over length of 0.6 m is generated with respect to the intermediate frame length S of 3.0 m. Alternatively, for example, when the excavation length Me for one excavation is 1.0 m and the intermediate frame length S is 3.6 m, the face advancing length is 4.0 m after four excavations, and the intermediate frame length S is 3.6 m. A carry-over length of 0.4 m is generated for .

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the tunnel construction method according to the present invention is effective when applied to a tunnel construction method having a step of transporting an excavated material produced by excavating the natural ground to the outside of the tunnel.

1 Continuous Belt Conveyor System 2 Crusher 2a Traveling Section 2b Throwing Section 2ba Feeder 2bb Hopper 2c Crushing Section 2d Belt Conveyor Section 3 Tailpiece Cart 3a Moving Device 3b Forward Tilting Frame 3ba Belt Receiving Roller 3c Return Pulley 3d Conveyor Belt Lift Device 3da Frame 3db Free roller 3dc Winch 3e Jib crane device 3ea Main pole 3eb Horizontal arm 3ec Winch 3f Work stage 3g Outrigger 4 Belt conveyor 4a Intermediate frame 4b Support member 4c Belt 4ca Carrier side belt 4cb Return side belt 4cr Belt roll 4cs Extra length belt 4f Work stage 5 Belt storage 5a Storage pulley 5s Belt joint stand 6 Head pulley 7 Side dump 7a Excavator 8a Suspension wire 8b Concrete anchor 8c Suspension fitting 8d Anchor 8e Fixing fitting B Rock bolt D Retraction length DP Retraction position F Reinforcing rods K, K1, K2, K3, K4 Face L Advance length, extension length MT1 Previous face progress length MT2 Current face progress length Me Excavation length Rc Carrier roller Rca Side roller Rcb Center roller Rf Roller frame Rr Return roller S Intermediate frame length T Tunnel TW Tunnel wall Za Slip ( before crushing)
Zb shear (after crushing)

Claims (3)

(a) Equipped with a crusher, a tailpiece carriage and a belt conveyor arranged in tandem in order from the face to the pithead, and the belt can be stretched as the tunnel excavation progresses so that the excavated material can be continuously moved from the face to the pithead. A step of blasting and excavating the face while the tip of the crusher of the conveying continuous belt conveyor system is separated from the face by a predetermined length;
(b) after the step (a), the excavated debris is crushed by the crusher and then loaded onto the belt via the tailpiece carriage;
(c) after the step (b), a step of spraying concrete on the wall surface of the tunnel excavated in the step (a);
(d) after the step (c), a step of driving rock bolts from the concrete toward the inside of the natural ground;
(e) An intermediate frame in which the current face progress length obtained by adding the excavation length excavated in the step (a) to the previous face progress length is the length of the intermediate frame over which the carrier roller supporting the belt is stretched in the belt conveyor. If the crusher and the tailpiece truck are advanced after the step (b) and before the step (d), the intermediate frame is newly installed. and stretching the belt by
A tunnel construction method characterized by performing 2. A step of installing a steel shoring at the location where the face was excavated in the step (a) is carried out after the step (b) and before the step (c). Construction method of described tunnel. The step of blasting and excavating the face in the step (a) is
drilling a charge hole in the face;
loading an explosive charge into the charge hole;
excavating the face by detonating the explosive;
The tunnel construction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising:

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