RU2715773C1 - Tunneling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, namely to mining equipment for driving and construction of vertical mine shafts. Proposed machine comprises housing with rotary base made with through opening. On the rotary base there fixed is a rock-breaking device of selective action, which is located mainly under part of the rotary base, which is not occupied with a through window. On the rotary base on the side of the through window there is a rotary bracket, on which a loading element with a breaking boom and a ladle is fixed, at that the rock destruction and loading bodies are made with possibility to develop the working face and removal of the broken rock simultaneously and separately in technologically independent zones during the whole development process. At the same time on the wall of the rotary base, which delimits the through window from the rest of the rotary base, a bin is mounted, in the lower part of which there is a device for unloading of the demolished rock stored down in the hopper.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of downtime of combine in order to increase technical efficiency, as well as in improvement of convenience and safety of mining operations.

3 cl, 5 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining, and in particular to mining equipment for the implementation of mining and construction of vertical shaft shafts.

There is a well-known mechanized complex for sinking vertical trunks of mining enterprises using a blasting or mechanized method, including a stem tunneling unit and a multi-storey tunnel shelf, on which pneumatic means of destruction of the rock are located, while the barrel tunneling unit moves in the barrel separately (independently) from the tunnel shelf using its own supporting hydraulic cylinders ( jacks), and the shelves are moved along the trunk with the help of traction winches mounted on the surface, while External Expansion, tunnel support ring allows shelf assembly tubbing rings, its lifting and docking with tyubingovoy column [Description useful model to RF patent №137573 from 08.07.2013, IPC E21D 1/03, E21D 5/12, publ. 02/20/2014].

The method of constructing a shaft shaft implemented by this complex does not control the volumes of recoverable rock, which is related to the specifics of using explosive technology. As a result, the volume of excavated rock increases and, as a result, the volume and mass of concrete lining with a significant excess of regulatory requirements for it. This reduces the speed of penetration and increases the capital cost of construction. At the same time, when implementing a more productive mechanized technology for the development of the face (since there is no need to stop work during blasting), it becomes impossible to install the support until the combine develops the rock by the next step equal to the height of one row of tubing adjusted for the necessary technological gap required for mounting the next tubing ring. Thus, the speed of penetration of the trunk is limited by the speed of development of the face or the speed of installation of the lining adopted in this technology, and the inevitable technological interruptions in the operation of the corresponding equipment due to the inability to simultaneously perform these operations additionally lead to an increase in the construction period of the mining enterprise. In addition, the use of pneumatic conveying to remove the destroyed rock as part of the stem-boring assembly requires a guaranteed grain size distribution of the rock, which in the case of using explosive and mechanized technology can be achieved by using additional devices to destroy the resulting fragments, which complicates the design of the complex. It should be borne in mind that all equipment, regardless of the prospects for its use, should be on a suspended shelf. As a result, the productivity of the complex will increase slightly, and the energy costs for its maintenance will be significantly higher than necessary.

A known unit for sinking a vertical shaft of a mining enterprise and installing a waterproofing tubing and / or concrete roof support, including a support frame consisting of several segments and representing an assembly and centering platform for installing tubing in a vertical shaft of a mining enterprise and equipped with hydraulic drive means, a rotary ring and at least one auger-type milling organ associated with an electric drive and a barrel loader [Utility Model Description tent RF №119031 from 09.04.2012, IPC E21D 1/08, publ. 08/10/2012].

Like all known single-level (in terms of placement of working equipment) sinking complexes, this unit is limited in performance, which is determined by the speed of installation of the tubing (or concrete) lining or the speed of development of the face, which are performed sequentially adjusted for downtime associated with the planned operation of the remaining downhole equipment , for example, when sinking hard rocks, the time for their development, etc. increases, as well as the need for maintenance of downhole equipment, which is enough Often often outside the time of mounting the lining. The lack of groundwork for the sinking of the face slows down the installation of lining, for example, concrete, and reduces the overall speed of sinking.

A device for sinking vertical mine workings, mainly mine wells when creating beam drains or water intakes using the lowering lining, which contains a platform mounted for rotation on an annular support and a loader placed on the platform with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane [Description of the invention USSR copyright certificate No. 1793057 of 07/18/1990, MKI ³ E21D 1/03, publ. 02/07/1993]. After filling the bucket, the loader is turned at a certain angle. The bucket stops exactly above the lifting vessel fixed on the platform, the fixed position of the loader and the vessel increases the speed of penetration of the workings.

The installation of the lower lining is technologically connected with the operation of the device for sinking, so any stop of the equipment for sinking stops the process of mounting the next fragment of the concrete lining. In addition, the device works only on soft flooded soils with a predicted geological structure and on workings of small diameter and depth, for example, up to 50 meters, where the process of rock destruction is combined with the process of its excavation, and the concrete lining is installed at the opposite end of the excavation - on the surface land. Thus, the present device cannot be used for the capital construction of deep shaft shafts.

The closest analogue (prototype) is a shaft harvester, characterized by the presence of a housing with a rotary base and a drive for turning it, while the rotary base in its lower part contains a trunnion located offset to the periphery, at the end of which a rotary handle with a rock cutting body is fixed, and side opposite to the location of the trunnion with a rock cutting body, there is a through window equipped with a swivel bracket, on which a loading body with a breaking strut is fixed with a bucket and a bucket, and the rock-cutting and loading bodies are made with the possibility of developing the face and cleaning the destroyed rock simultaneously and separately in technologically independent zones during the entire development process [Description of the invention to RF patent No. 2600807 of 09/29/2015, IPC E21D 1/03, publ. 10/27/2016, Bull. No. 30].

The disadvantages of the prototype are that in order to ensure continuous shipment of the destroyed rock mass, the tub must be disconnected from the lifting device before each shipment cycle in order to prevent damage to the lifting cable of the tub, and at the end of each shipment cycle, the tub should be connected to the lifting device. This results in downtime that reduces overall work productivity. The tub also occupies the space directly in the face, which can interfere with the normal operation of the combine, especially in the case of insufficient qualifications of the combine operator, since changing the spatial position of the tub, that is, the temporary storage area of the rock, is practically impossible in the process of developing the face, while technological zones of rock destruction and harvesting are constantly moving after the movement of the combine. This reduces the efficiency of compliance with the combine principle of parallel work. In addition, the frequent execution of manual operations with lifting equipment in mine conditions (reduced concentration of workers due to stressful working conditions, poor lighting, cramped space, etc.) significantly increases the risk of emergencies associated, for example, with insufficiently reliable fastening of the bucket to a cable that can lead to the breaking of a bucket.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to provide temporary storage of the destroyed rock mass that does not interfere with the operation of a stem-harvester operating in compliance with the principles of parallel work. The achieved effect is to reduce the downtime of the harvester in order to increase technical productivity, as well as to increase the convenience and safety of mining operations.

The problem is solved due to the fact that a hopper is mounted on the body of the tunneling machine from the side of the through window opposite the technological area for cleaning the destroyed rock (in the temporary storage area for the destroyed rock), in the lower part of which there is a device for unloading the destroyed rock stored in the hopper down. Moreover:

- the hopper is mounted on the wall of the rotary base, delimiting the through window from the rest of the base;

- a device for unloading stored in a hopper is made in the form of a gate equipped with a mechanism for its horizontal shift;

- the hopper is made with the possibility of vertical axial movement.

The invention is illustrated by figures, schematically depicting the described stem-harvester, its structural elements and the principle of operation:

- in FIG. 1 shows a combine view from above;

- in FIG. 2 shows a rear view of the hopper;

- in FIG. 3 shows a general view of a stem-boring combine in section in the initial position;

- in FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional general view of a combine harvester in a working position;

- in FIG. 5 shows a general view of a stem-harvester in cross section in the position of unloading the rock from the hopper into the tub.

The stem-boring harvester includes a housing L with a rotary base 2, in which “a window 3 is made, mounted on a rotary base 2, a selective rock cutting device 4, which is located mainly under the part of the rotary base 2 not occupied by the through window 3, mounted on the rotary base 2 from the side a through window 3, a swivel bracket 5, on which a loading body 6 with a breaking boom and a bucket is fixed, and rock-breaking 4 and loading 6 bodies are made with the possibility of developing slaughter and cleaning of the destroyed rock at the same time and separately in technologically independent zones during the entire development process, located on the housing 1 from the side of the through window 3, opposite the technological zone for cleaning the destroyed rock, hopper 7, in the lower part of which there is a device for unloading stored in bunker of destroyed rock down. At the same time, the bunker is conveniently located on the wall 8 of the rotary base 2, delimiting the through window 3 from the rest of the rotary base 2. The shaft digger, like any machine for mining in underground conditions, must perform various operations, including storage and shipment of rock , in a confined space. For the most efficient use of space, the device for unloading the rocks stored in the hopper 7 is made in the form of a gate 9, equipped with a mechanism for its horizontal shift, and the hopper 7 is made with the possibility of vertical axial movement.

A device for unloading the rocks stored in the hopper 7 can be performed, for example, as follows. Part of the bottom of the hopper 7 is a gate 9, connected to the rollers 10 placed in horizontally oriented guides 11. In this case, the rollers 10 are kinematically connected with the hydraulic cylinders 12 of the shift of the gate 9.

A device for vertical axial movement of the hopper 7 can be performed, for example, as follows. The hopper 7 is equipped with a frame 13, in which are vertically oriented guides 14 and a transverse crossbar 15 connected to the hopper 7, rollers 16 placed in vertically oriented guides 14, and vertical cylinders for moving the hopper 17 connected to the transverse crossbar 15.

Consider the principle of operation of the harvester in the following example.

In the starting position shown in FIG. 3, the harvester relies on the face using, for example, sections of the shield spacer 18, the feed hydraulic cylinders 19 are retracted, sliders 20 are fixed on the housing 1 in the form of rollers adapted to interact with the sections of the shield spacer 18. The rock-breaking organ 4 is set to a central position for drilling into the face. The hopper 7, mounted on the wall 8 of the rotary base of the combine 2 from the side of the through window 3, is in the lower position relative to the frame 13, that is, the hydraulic cylinders 17 are retracted. The hydraulic cylinders 12 of the shift of the gate 9 are in the retracted position. The loading organ 6 with a breaking boom and a bucket is mounted on a swing arm 5 located on the swing base 2 from the side of the through window 3.

The development of the face is as follows. The mill 21 mounted on the rock cutting organ 6 is rotated, by means of the corresponding drive 22, the hydraulic cylinders 19 are extended, due to which the housing 1 with the structural elements fixed on it is lowered relative to the sectional shield shell 18, supporting a vertically directed movement due to the sliders located on the housing 1 20 interacting with the sectional shell 18. During the development of the face to avoid damage to the sectional shell 18 and / or the cutter 21, individual sections are sectional th shield shell 18 are able to move upward relative to the housing 1 by changing the magnitude of the extension of the individual hydraulic cylinders 19, as shown in FIG. 4. Development of the face is carried out in successive sections; moreover, the area of work of the rock cutting body 4 is a technological zone for the development of the face. After the completion of the development of the section of the face, the rotary base 2 is rotated relative to the housing 1 by means of the drive 23, shifting the zone of development of the face to the area with an undisturbed mountain massif, and the technological zone of shipment to the newly developed section of the face. Thus, as the face is developed, a rock mass 24 is formed, which is removed from the bottom by means of the loading member 6 (in Fig. 4, the working position of the loading member 6 at the time of removing the rock mass 24 from the bottom is shown by dashed lines), operating in the shipment process area, and it is reloaded for temporary storage in hopper 7. Moreover, the destruction and cleaning of the rock is carried out continuously and sequentially in technologically independent zones, and the presence of hopper 7 allows you to organize another technological zone - zone BP alternating rock mass storage.

After filling the hopper 7, the rotary base of the combine 2 is deployed in position to receive the tub 25 and unload the contents of the hopper 7 into it. Moreover, to facilitate the unloading process and / or to enable placement of the bucket 25, the hopper 7 is moved to the upper position relative to the frame 13, as shown in FIG. 5. To do this, the hydraulic cylinders for vertical movement of the hopper 17 are advanced, raising the transverse crossbar 15, and therefore the hopper 7 connected to the transverse crossbar 7. In this case, the vertically oriented movement of the hopper 7 is supported by rollers 16 moving along the guides 14. To unload the contents of the hopper 7 in the tub 25, the hydraulic cylinders 12 of the shift of the gate 9 are advanced, driving the gate 9. In this case, a horizontally oriented movement is supported by moving kinematically connected with the hydraulic cylinders and 12 of the slide gate 9 of the rollers 10 moving along the guides 11. As the slide of the gate 9 relative to the initial position, the contents of the hopper 7 are unloaded into the tub 25. After the hopper 7 is completely unloaded into the tub 25, the hydraulic cylinders 12 of the slide 9 are retracted, closing the hopper 7, the filled tub 25 is removed from the bottom, the vertical cylinders of the hopper 17 are also retracted, and the work of the combine continues.

As a result of the use of the invention, the task of providing temporary storage of the destroyed rock mass that does not impede the functioning of a shaft-harvester working in compliance with the principles of parallel work was solved, which allowed to reduce the machine’s downtime in order to increase technical productivity, as well as increase the convenience and safety of mining operations.

Claims (3)

1. Shaft-boring harvester, characterized by the presence of a housing with a rotary base made with a through window fixed on a rotary base, a rock-breaking body of selective action, located mainly under a part of the rotary base not occupied by a through window fixed on a rotary base from the side of the through window with a rotary bracket, on which a loading body with a breaking boom and a bucket is fixed, and the rock cutting and loading bodies are made with the ability to lead development of the face and cleaning of the destroyed rock at the same time and separately in technologically independent zones during the entire development process, characterized in that a hopper is mounted on the wall of the rotary base, delimiting the through window from the rest of the rotary base, in the lower part of which there is a device for unloading stored in bunker of destroyed rock down. 2. The stem-harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for unloading the rock stored in the hopper is made in the form of a gate equipped with a mechanism for its horizontal shift. 3. The stem-boring harvester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hopper is made with the possibility of vertical axial movement.

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