RU2295037C1 - Method for extracting thick inclined coal formation by column-chambers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, possible use during underground extraction of coal formations under complicated conditions.

SUBSTANCE: method includes preparation of extraction field by driving transport and ventilation mines and extraction of formation using soil-shelf face in two layers. Extraction of formation between ventilation and transport mines is performed using column-chambers with leaving of blocks, capable of self-destruction with passage of time. Preparation of extraction field is performed only in upper layer by driving a dividing mine, connecting transport mine to ventilation mine, while extraction of lower layer is performed from the soil of upper layer after driving of aforementioned dividing mine. Extraction of lower layer may be performed by excavating the coal from its face from the soil of upper layer with loading of coal onto transportation means of upper layer. Extraction of face of upper layer may be performed by means of niche-cutting machine or driving combines. Operations including extraction of upper and lower layers may be performed under protection of ceiling reinforced with anchors, which are mounted near the face of upper layer. Ceiling may be reinforced with anchors under protection of mechanized lining sections.

EFFECT: increased efficiency.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, in particular to methods for the development of powerful flat coal seams, and can be used in the development of other reservoir minerals.

The closest analogue in technical essence is the method of excavating a powerful flat coal seam with a face slope in two layers, including the preparation of a excavation field by conducting ventilation and transport workings in one layer, the development of the upper and lower layers by means of complex mechanization (see RF Patent No. 2138640 C1, Cl E 21 C 41/18, publ. 09/27/1999).

The disadvantage of this method is that when developing complicated by geological disturbances of the seams, the excavation fields are small and, as a result, a significant amount of installation and dismantling work, which makes the excavation technology not effective.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of developing powerful flat coal seams complicated by geological disturbances through the use of more mobile and less material-intensive technical means.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing a powerful flat coal seam, including preparing a excavation field by conducting ventilation and transport workings and excavating the seam with a two-layer face, the development of the seam between the ventilation and transport workings is carried out by pillar chambers, leaving pillars that can collapse with over time, the preparation of the excavation field is carried out only in the upper layer by conducting a split excavation connecting the transport excavation with the ventilation oh, and produce a recess of the lower layer with the upper layer of soil after making a split connecting transport production with ventilation. In the lower layer, coal is excavated from the bottom from the soil of the upper layer with the overload of coal on the vehicle of the upper layer. Excavation of the upper and lower layers is carried out under the protection of roofs hardened by anchors, which are installed at the bottom of the upper layer. The development of the upper layer is carried out by a niche-cutting machine or roadheaders. Roof anchoring is carried out under the protection of the sections of the mechanized roof support of the upper layer.

In the proposed method, in contrast to the prototype, the preparation of the excavation field is carried out in the upper layer, and the excavation is carried out in two layers, and the power of the lower layer may be greater than the upper one. This reduces the amount of work and time to prepare the treatment front. Roof fastening with a two-level anchoring system (a combination of standard length anchors with deep anchors) is carried out at the bottom of the upper layer of the chamber column, ensuring the safety of the excavation of the lower layer, which is conducted from the soil of the upper layer. Roof anchoring is carried out by a special self-propelled anchoring machine on the ledge of the upper layer. The breakdown of coal and its loading on the conveyor in the face of the upper layer are carried out by means of a cutting machine. The extraction of coal in the lower layer is conducted from the soil of the upper layer by an excavator mounted on a tracked chassis on a platform moving along the conveyor.

Thus, unlike the prototype, two mining machines developing the face of the upper ledge and the bottom of the lower ledge are placed, like conveyors and anchor installer, on the soil of the upper layer.

This method of placement of low-material, mobile equipment significantly reduces the costs and time of installation and dismantling by eliminating the development process of the dismantling chamber, winding sections under the beam, by reducing the time and cost of installing equipment, by eliminating the process of replacing the tunneling transport chain with a treatment one.

In the method with an unstable roof, the installation of the anchor support is carried out under the protection of the mechanized roof support of the bottom layer.

A two-layer formation is dredged by pillar chambers, leaving pillars that can collapse over time. In this case, the loss of coal in narrow pillars left between the extraction pillars-chambers is not greater than the losses during the extraction of coal, for example, long columns along strike, associated with the loss of minerals due to geological disturbances.

Analysis of information sources shows that the selected prototype is indeed the closest analogue, and the claimed features are new and useful from an economic point of view for the costs of installation and dismantling, overcoming geological disturbances, and reducing the time for these processes. Reducing the time required for dismantling and installation by 20 days leads to lower production losses, for example, 40,000 tons of coal with daily production of 2000 tons. The costs of preparing a mining field are also reduced, since all workings are carried out in only one layer.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by diagrams: figure 1 shows a diagram of the opening and preparation of the excavation field; figure 2 is a diagram of the preparation of the first excavation column camera; figure 3 is the initial stage of treatment in the first pillar-chamber; figure 4 - the development of treatment and preparatory work in the second excavation column-chamber; figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the treatment zone; figure 6 is a view of the face from the side of the worked-out space (transverse section); Fig.7 - the placement of mechanized lining in the upper layer.

The proposed method is as follows. The excavation field is opened on the one hand by the main air supply 1 and conveyor 2 slopes, on the other - by the flank air supply 3 and conveyor 4 slopes, which are carried out at the top of the formation and at the lower points of the excavation block they are knocked down by failures 5 (main) and 6 (flank), thereby most Bremsberg ventilation scheme. At the same time, the flank openings are laid below the main ones in height.

From the flank conveyor slope 4 to the main conveyor slope 2 at the upper boundary of the extraction block, a dead end carries two parallel split workings 7 (roadheader 8) and 9 (roadheader 10), providing gravity drainage of mine water towards the flank mine. In this case, the transport of broken coal is carried out by telescopic belt conveyors 11 and 12 to the flank conveyor slope 4, in which a sloping belt conveyor is installed, and ventilation by local ventilation fans (not shown).

At the end of the cutting excavation 7, the combine 8 is returned to the flank border of the extraction column and the mounting chamber 13 is removed, placing it below the split excavation 7 along the line of formation fall. The harvester 10 is also returned to the flank border of the pillar and here an oblique malfunction 14 is carried out in pillar 15 from the cutting excavation 9 to the border of the chamber 13 from the side of the main slopes. Then remount the drive and tail heads of the conveyor belt 11, changing their places. A jumper 16 is erected at the interface of the excavation 7 with the flank conveyor slope 4, a ventilation window 17 is erected at the interface of the excavation 9 with the flank conveyor slope 4, and a jumper 18 is erected in the main conveyor slope 2, placing it in the rear sight 15 between the mouths of the excavations 7 and 9. As a result of this, a return-air ventilation circuit of the treatment chamber 13 is organized.

A downhole conveyor 19 and a non-tapping machine 20 are mounted in the chamber 13. A head is mounted above the shank of the conveyor 11 and then an angle conveyor 21 and an excavator 22 are mounted on it. An anchor 23 is inserted into the chamber 13. A pump station 24 is installed above the conveyor 11. Combine 8 is removed from the mine 7 to the main conveyor slope 2 and according to the system of mine workings, they are transferred to the notch of the next split working below the dip of the formation.

Next, the extraction of coal from the face of the upper layer by a cutting machine 20. Begin breaking and loading of coal on the conveyor 19 is carried out by the screw 25 of a cutting machine 20. Following the movement of the bottom of the top layer are fastening the roof with anchors 26 of a standard length by means of a self-propelled anchor 23. Drilling of holes is carried out by drilling machines 27 on the telescopic boom of the anchor with the cradle 28. On the boom of the anchor there are two drilling machines 27, and the cradle is one. The cradle houses operators for feeding anchors, washers into the borehole, mounting a constriction, support washers, extending drill rods, and manipulator control. Anchors 26 of standard length are installed at the bottom. Three to four meters from the bottom, 29 deep-laid anchors are installed. For installation of the roof banner 30 on the anchors 26, two monorails 31 are mounted, which increase as the face moves. Between the monorails, beams 32 are placed along the bottom, designed to accommodate the waist 30, which are sewn to the roof with anchors 26.

After the bottom layer slope moves away from the flank boundary of the column by about 10 m with an excavator 22 with a bucket 33 in the soil of the upper layer, the bottom layer is cut to the bottom of the formation. The coal beaten off in the lower layer by a bucket 33 is loaded onto the conveyor 21. The excavator 22 is moved along the conveyor 21 by means of a pinion gearing or by means of a caterpillar chassis. In the latter case, the conveyor 21 is excluded from the transport chain. Coal is loaded with a ladle 33 immediately onto the shank of the conveyor 11. After the bottom face is removed from the flank boundary of the pillar-chamber to a distance determined by the characteristics of the roof rocks, the roof is forced to collapse in the worked out space in a known manner.

As the bottom layer is moved forward, the moment will come when the fault 14 cannot serve as an emergency exit from the working space of the chamber, and the collapsed roof rocks will not block the mouth of the fault 14. At this point, the next oblique 10 carries out the next oblique side at the rear of 15 from the cut-out 9 to the boundaries of the working space of the upper layer from the side of the main slopes, and in the first oblique fault, a jumper is erected, etc. Discharge of mine water is carried out in the developed space of the lower layer.

So carry out the extraction of one pillar camera. After excavation of the first pillar-chamber, a narrow self-destructing pillar 15 is left in the block and the second pillar-chamber is taken out, etc.

In case of unstable direct roofing, the bottom face is also excavated by means of a cutting machine, and bottomhole space is secured by mechanized roof sections 34 provided with blocking visors 35, under the protection of which roof anchoring is carried out.

The proposed method for the extraction of a powerful layer in two layers by an open-cut face has practically the same operational losses of coal as in the long-pillar mining system with the preparation of excavation fields by conducting workings in each layer. However, the cost of preparation and installation and dismantling is much lower.

Owing to the preparation of excavation fields by workings in one upper layer, the preparation costs are reduced by 50%, the material costs of dismantling and time are reduced by about 70%, because there is no need for the operation “winding-up of mechanized lining for timber” and “development and fastening of the dismantling chamber”. Installation costs are reduced as light and mostly self-propelled equipment is used. The capital costs associated with the acquisition of expensive mechanized complexes of interlayer ceilings are also reduced, since less material-intensive tunneling equipment is used.

Thus, the goal of the proposal is achieved, because its use, which follows from the foregoing, increases the efficiency of the development of powerful formations.

Information sources

RF patent №2138640 C1, Cl. E 21 C 41/18, publ. 09/27/1999 (prototype).

Claims (6)

1. A method of developing a powerful shallow coal seam with pillar chambers, including preparing a excavation field by conducting ventilation and transport workings and excavating the seam with a two-layer slaughter, characterized in that the development of the seam between the ventilation and transport workings is carried out by camera chambers, leaving pillars capable of collapse over time, the preparation of the excavation field is carried out only in the upper layer by means of a split excavation connecting the transport excavation with the vent tionally a recess of the lower layer is carried out with the top layer of soil after making a split connecting transport production with ventilation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extraction of the lower layer is carried out by excavation of coal from its bottom from the soil of the upper layer with the overload of coal on the vehicle of the upper layer. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the excavation of the upper and lower layers is carried out under the protection of a roof reinforced with anchors, which are installed at the bottom of the upper layer. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the development of the bottom face of the upper layer is carried out by a non-tapping machine. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the development of the bottom face of the upper layer is driven by combine harvesters. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring of the roof is carried out under the protection of sections of powered roof supports.

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