CN113216988B - Open type TBM construction supporting method for coal mine inclined shaft tunnel - Google Patents
Open type TBM construction supporting method for coal mine inclined shaft tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113216988B CN113216988B CN202110569380.0A CN202110569380A CN113216988B CN 113216988 B CN113216988 B CN 113216988B CN 202110569380 A CN202110569380 A CN 202110569380A CN 113216988 B CN113216988 B CN 113216988B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/02—Driving inclined tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
- E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/40—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an open type TBM construction supporting method for a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel, wherein an inverted arch block hoisting assembly and an auxiliary propulsion assembly are arranged on a main beam of an open type TBM, the hoisting assembly is used for splicing two inverted arch blocks, the auxiliary propulsion assembly is used for providing longitudinal pre-tightening force for the two inverted arch blocks after splicing, then the two inverted arch blocks are connected through bolts, and anchor cables are constructed in holes after grouting is carried out on hoisting holes, so that the inverted arch blocks and surrounding rocks of a shaft form an integral supporting structure. The method can solve the problems that in the prior art, the ring formation of an open type TBM primary support is slow, an inverted arch structure and an anchor net spraying support process cannot form an integral support structure, and the inverted arch structure is deformed, cracked and even bottom-bulged at the later stage. After construction is completed, the auxiliary propelling component can be selectively retracted, and when the TBM supporting shoe cannot provide enough thrust, the auxiliary propelling component can be opened again to provide enough supporting force for TBM propelling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine inclined shaft engineering, in particular to an open type TBM construction supporting method for a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel.
Background
The geological conditions of the inclined shaft of the coal mine are complex and variable, the drilling and blasting method is low in construction efficiency, a machine clamping shield is easy to occur to a closed TBM, the matched pipe sheet type supporting cost of the closed TBM is high, the problem can be effectively solved by matching an open TBM with an anchor net spraying supporting process, the primary supporting ring forming is slow, interference on other processes is easy to occur, the problem can be improved by adopting a prefabricated inverted arch block for tunnel construction, the existing inverted arch structure cannot adapt to the anchor net rope spraying supporting process, an organic unified whole cannot be formed with the anchor net spraying supporting means, the inverted arch structure is easy to deform and crack in the later period, particularly when bottom surrounding rock is soft, bottom bulging even occurs, coal-series stratum surrounding rock is soft, a TBM supporting shoe cannot provide enough supporting force frequently, the construction progress of the inclined shaft is seriously influenced, and safety accidents are easily caused. In addition, the existing TBM has low construction efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a coal mine inclined shaft roadway open type TBM construction supporting method, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the open type TBM is matched with an anchor net cable-shotcreting supporting process to construct a coal mine inclined shaft primary support ring, an inverted arch structure and an anchor net shotcreting support cannot form an integral structure, a bottom plate cracks when a stratum is soft, a bottom drum and a supporting shoe cannot provide enough supporting force for TBM propulsion and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention firstly provides an open type TBM construction supporting method for a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, TBM is tunneled in a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel, when a certain footage is tunneled, a reinforcing steel bar net piece is paved along the vault of the tunnel in an L1 area, and an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in an L1 area is used for drilling the vault anchor cable in an L1 area;
paving reinforcing steel meshes along two sides of the roadway in the L2 area, and using an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area to drill anchor cables at the two sides of the L2 area;
thirdly, transporting the inverted arch blocks to a lifting initial position of an L2 area, and then lifting the inverted arch blocks to an assembling preset position of an L2 area by using an inverted arch crane;
adjusting the auxiliary propulsion assembly to support the auxiliary propulsion assembly on the front side of the inverted arch blocks, and matching with the lifting assembly to fit the two inverted arch blocks;
step five, further tightening the auxiliary propulsion assembly to provide enough pre-tightening force for the inverted arch blocks, and tightening the two inverted arch blocks by using tightening bolts;
unloading the hoisting assembly, releasing the inverted arch block, and returning the inverted arch crane to enter the next hoisting cycle;
constructing anchor cable holes downwards along the anchor cable holes reserved on the inverted arch blocks by using an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area, and putting anchoring agents and prestressed anchor cables into the anchor cable holes for anchoring;
laying a steel rail in a rail bearing groove of the inverted arch block, and continuously moving the matched trolley forwards along the steel rail after the TBM;
step nine, spraying concrete at the vault and the two sides of the roadway to seal the surrounding rock;
and step ten, continuously advancing the TBM, withdrawing the steel rail after the TBM passes through the whole TBM, paving the inverted arch block ground by using concrete, and completing supporting.
Preferably, in the first step, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L1 area is provided with an L1 drilling machine angle adjuster, an L1 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail, an L1 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine rotates around the center of the section of the roadway, the direction of the anchor cable is consistent with the normal line of the contour line of the roadway, and the supporting angle is within 120 degrees of the top of the roadway.
Preferably, in the second step, the TBM steel beam in the L2 area is designed in a targeted manner, and a steel rail for the onboard anchor cable drilling machine to slide is arranged on the steel beam, so that the onboard anchor cable drilling machine can slide in a certain range in the front and back, and the requirement of the drilling process of the two sides and the bottom within a range of 240 degrees is met.
Preferably, in the second step, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area is provided with an L2 drilling machine angle regulator, an L2 drilling machine up-and-down regulating rack rail, an L2 drilling machine front-and-back regulating rack rail, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine rotates around the center of the section of the roadway, the direction of the anchor cable is consistent with the normal line of the contour line of the roadway, and the supporting angle is at least 60 degrees of the range of each of the two side parts of the roadway.
Preferably, in the third step, the inverted arch block is at least provided with a bolt connecting hole and a hoisting hole, the bolt connecting hole is used for penetrating a tension bolt, and the hoisting hole is communicated from top to bottom and is used as a grouting hole and an anchor cable hole.
Preferably, at least one dirty air removing channel is formed in the inverted arch block, and the dirty air removing channel is longitudinally arranged along the inverted arch block.
Preferably, the bottom of the inverted arch block is provided with anti-slip teeth.
Preferably, in the sixth step, after the inverted arch blocks are released, grouting is performed in the grouting holes by using a grouting device, so that gaps between the bottoms of the inverted arch blocks and the bottoms of the excavated sections are tightly filled with grout.
Preferably, in step seven, the auxiliary propelling assembly is retracted after the anchoring is completed, and if the TBM supporting shoe cannot provide enough thrust, the auxiliary propelling assembly continues to be supported on the front side of the inverted arch block to provide partial thrust for the TBM.
The invention further provides a construction support system which comprises a TBM cutterhead and a TBM main beam connected to the rear of the TBM cutterhead, wherein an L1-area airborne anchor cable drilling machine, a TBM supporting shoe and an L2-area airborne anchor cable drilling machine are sequentially arranged on the TBM main beam from front to back, the rear end of the TBM main beam is connected with an auxiliary propelling component and a hoisting component, the L1-area airborne anchor cable drilling machine is provided with an L1 drilling machine angle regulator, an L1 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail and an L1 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail, and the L2-area airborne anchor cable drilling machine is provided with an L2 drilling machine angle regulator, an L2 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail and an L2 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the open TBM construction supporting method for the coal mine inclined shaft tunnel, the inverted arch block hoisting assembly and the auxiliary propelling assembly are arranged on the main beam of the open TBM, the inverted arch block is convenient and rapid to install, a track can be directly laid after the inverted arch block is installed, the problem that in the prior art, the ring forming is slow in primary supporting of the tunnel constructed by the TBM in cooperation with an anchor net rope spraying supporting process can be solved, the supporting trolley can rapidly pass through behind the TBM, and the problem that the TBM cannot be continuously tunneled due to the fact that the trolley cannot be kept up is avoided; the anchor cable penetrates through the inverted arch block and is constructed towards the lower strata of the inverted arch block, so that the inverted arch block and the shaft surrounding rock form an integral supporting structure, the problems of later deformation, cracking and even bottom bulging of the inverted arch structure can be solved, and when the TBM supporting shoe cannot provide enough thrust, the auxiliary propelling component can be opened again to provide enough thrust for the TBM. The construction system is arranged in a partition-specific manner, the two-area airborne anchor cable drilling machines matched with the construction system synchronously carry out anchor cable drilling, the quick spraying and mixing system is combined, quick anchoring can be realized, the inverted arch blocks are quickly installed, the track is quickly paved, the quick spraying and mixing are carried out to seal surrounding rocks, the matched trolley is quickly followed, the TBM cutter head is quickly tunneled, and the tunneling construction efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, shall fall within the scope covered by the technical contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition and arrangement of a construction support system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an onboard tendon drilling rig construction top tendon (rod) in area L1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram I of an onboard anchor line drilling rig in the L2 area for constructing two sides and a bottom anchor line (rod);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of two sides and bottom anchor cables (rods) constructed by the onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the area L2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an inverted arch block transport operation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an inverted arch block handling operation of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of an inverted arch block of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an inverted arch block of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic side view of the inverted arch block of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-upward arch block, 101-bolt connecting hole, 102-hoisting hole, 103-dirty wind removing channel, 104-anti-skid tooth, 105-convex tenon, 106-concave tenon, 107-rail bearing groove, 108-auxiliary hook, 2-auxiliary propelling component, 3-hoisting component, 4-TBM cutterhead, 5-L1 area airborne anchor cable drilling machine, 501-L1 drilling machine angle regulator, 502-L1 drilling machine up-and-down regulating rack rail, 503-L1 drilling machine front-and-back regulating rack rail, 6-L2 area airborne anchor cable drilling machine, 601-L2 drilling machine angle regulator, 602-L2 drilling machine up-and-down regulating rack rail, 603-L2 drilling machine front-and-back regulating rack rail, 7-steel arch frame erecting device and 8-TBM supporting shoe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
It is to be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consisting of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method if desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, device, process, or method that comprises the element.
It should also be understood that the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are intended to be broadly construed, and may include, for example, a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device, component, or structure referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, or be operated, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The existing TBM construction method is basically used for tunneling construction of projects such as urban underground projects and subway tunnels, and a supporting process matched with TBM basically adopts a duct piece or a steel sheet plus lining support, as a round section is formed by TBM tunneling, and an equipment trolley matched with the TBM needs to travel on a track, in the prior art, an anchor net is adopted for spraying support or duct piece lining, the trolley cannot directly travel on an arc ground, concrete needs to be paved on the ground, the track can be installed for the trolley to travel after the concrete is solidified, and certain time is needed for concrete paving and waiting for solidification, so that the problem that in the prior art, the matched trolley cannot rapidly pass through after TBM in the initial stage of roadway supporting construction by the TBM matched anchor net cable spraying support process, the trolley cannot follow up, the TBM cannot continue tunneling, and the problem of slow ring forming exists.
The TBM is applied to coal mines, particularly to the tunneling construction of inclined shafts of coal mines for a few times, and an open type TBM is the first example application of the inclined shafts of the coal mines in China and is currently carried out in engineering. The invention provides a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel open type TBM construction supporting method based on the engineering application, which is particularly applied to open type TBM construction. The open type has the relative advantages that the accident rate of the blocking machine is low, flexible supports such as anchor rods and anchor cables can adapt to the characteristic of large deformation of surrounding rocks of a coal mine, the cost of spraying and supporting the anchor nets is far lower than that of the pipe pieces, the conventional construction process of TBM steel sheets or pipe pieces and lining is abandoned, the ring forming is fast, and the problems of later deformation, cracking and even bottom bulging of an inverted arch structure can be solved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the construction method is as follows:
firstly, a TBM cutter head 4 is constructed in a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel, when the tunneling of the TBM cutter head 4 reaches 1.0m each time, reinforcing steel meshes are laid along a circular top plate in an L1 area, the width of each mesh is 1.2 m, the lap joint length between each mesh is 20cm, and then an anchor rod and an anchor cable in an L1 area are drilled by an L1 area airborne anchor cable drilling machine 5 matched with the TBM, so that the tunneling and supporting are realized.
Referring to fig. 1, in the invention, an L1 area onboard anchor cable drilling machine 5 is installed on a TBM main beam and is provided with an L1 drilling machine angle adjuster 501, an L1 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail 502 and an L1 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail 503, wherein the L1 drilling machine angle adjuster 501 is used for adjusting the rotation angle of the drilling machine around the center of a roadway section, as shown in fig. 2, the L1 area onboard anchor cable drilling machine rotates around the center of the roadway section, the direction of an anchor cable is consistent with the normal line of a roadway contour line, the angle allowable error is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the support angle is within 120 degrees of the top of the roadway. The L1 drilling machine up-down adjusting toothed rail 502 and the L1 drilling machine front-back adjusting toothed rail 503 are respectively used for adjusting the up-down height position of the drilling machine and the front-back position of the drilling machine in the roadway stroke, so that the requirement of bolting and anchoring cables in the whole L1 area range of the round top plate is met.
In the step, a steel bar quick support system can be further configured, an L1 area emergency spraying and mixing system is configured, and a broken belt is quickly supported.
In addition, according to the crushing condition of the surrounding rock of the top plate of the roadway, a circle of steel arch can be additionally arranged below the reinforcing mesh by using the steel arch erection device 7 matched with the system so as to enhance the supporting strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
Step two, when 1.5-1.7 m of incomplete complete support exists in an L2 area, laying steel bar meshes along two side parts of an L2 area, and using an onboard anchor cable drilling machine 6 in an L2 area to drill an anchor cable in an L2 area;
in the step, the TBM steel beam in the L2 area is designed in a targeted manner, a steel rail for the onboard anchor cable drilling machine to slide is arranged on the steel beam, and meanwhile, a position space for installing the two onboard anchor cable drilling machines is reserved, so that the onboard anchor cable drilling machines can slide in a range of at least 1.5m in the front and back, the two drilling machines cannot influence each other and can work simultaneously, and the two onboard anchor cable drilling machines can adjust enough angles to meet the requirement of a drilling process of two sides and a bottom within a range of 240 degrees.
As shown in fig. 1, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine 6 in the L2 area is provided with an L2 drilling machine angle adjuster 601, an L2 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail 602, and an L2 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail 603, each structure is the same as that of the onboard anchor cable drilling machine 5 in the L1 area, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area rotates around the center of the section of the roadway, the direction of anchor cables is consistent with the normal of the contour line of the roadway, the angle allowable error is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the support angle is at least 60 degrees of the two sides of the roadway.
The onboard anchor cable drilling machine 6 in the L2 area is responsible for anchor cables in the area of 240 degrees at the lower part, and the onboard anchor cable drilling machine 5 in the L1 area integrally meets anchor cable support in the range of 360 degrees of the full section of the tunnel. According to the invention, the anchor cable drilling machine is arranged on the steel beam, can move in the required stroke of up-down, front-back and the like, and is matched with the drilling machine in the L1 area, so that the anchor cable can be quickly constructed in the range of 360 degrees of the full section of the roadway, the subsequent operation is well matched, and the guarantee is provided for the quick and smooth subsequent operation, namely, the track can be directly laid by the inverted arch block after being installed, so that a trolley matched with the TBM can quickly pass through the inverted arch block, and the TBM can be continuously and quickly pushed forward.
As shown in fig. 1, the areas L1 and L2 are commonly called in engineering, and may be referred to as a first supporting area, i.e., a top supporting area, and a second supporting area, i.e., a two-side supporting area and a bottom supporting area.
In the above, 2 onboard anchor cable drilling rigs are respectively arranged in the L1 and L2 areas, and the drilling rig operation system adopts a pilot-controlled full hydraulic operation platform; each drilling machine is provided with an independent moving device (the moving device is not deformed in the whole engineering construction), can freely move and operate within the range of not less than one tunneling stroke, and is not influenced by tunneling or step changing; the drilling range and speed of the drilling machine are matched with the supporting design, the hole forming speed under different surrounding rock conditions is basically the same when the aperture is 28mm, and the minimum included angle between the drilling direction and the radial direction of the roadway is 75 degrees.
The method comprises the following steps of configuring open type TBM mature concrete pipe allocation and transportation equipment and two sets of injection manipulators, wherein the two sets of hoisting equipment are reasonably arranged, do not interfere with each other and are independently used; the quick-moving concrete spraying tank has the function of quickly moving the concrete spraying tank and can be quickly placed in place within 2 minutes.
Thirdly, transporting the inverted arch blocks to a lifting initial position of an L2 area, and then lifting the inverted arch blocks to an assembling preset position of an L2 area by using an inverted arch crane;
referring to fig. 5 and 6, when the method is implemented specifically, the inverted arch blocks are conveyed to a specified starting position (1# trailer) for hoisting by using the battery car, the inverted arch blocks are hoisted to a specified height by using the unloading crane, the transport car exits from the 1# trailer, the inverted arch blocks are placed on the ground of the 1# trailer by using the unloading crane, the inverted arch crane is moved to the position right above the inverted arch blocks, the chain is put down by pressing down keys, and the inverted arch crane is connected with the inverted arch blocks by using the lifting hooks. After all the lifting appliances are locked, the lifting hook is lifted by operating the handle, and the lifting is stopped when the elevation arch block is lifted to the required height. The lifting can be stopped at any time in the lifting process so as to prevent collision. After the inverted arch block is lifted in place, the handle is operated to enable the inverted arch crane to move forward, and after the inverted arch block reaches the assembly area, the inverted arch block is operated to be lowered and manually rotated to reach a preset position.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 7-9, the inverted arch block 1 is at least provided with a bolt connecting hole 101 and a hoisting hole 102, the bolt connecting hole 101 is used for penetrating a tensioning bolt, and the hoisting hole 102 is communicated from top to bottom and is used as a grouting hole and an anchor cable hole. Three rows of hoisting holes 102 are arranged in the section of the inverted arch block 1 along the longitudinal direction of the inverted arch block 1, one row of hoisting holes 102 are arranged on the center line of the inverted arch block 1 and are arranged in a left-right symmetrical manner, and the hoisting holes 102 are perpendicular to the arc surface of the inverted arch block 1.
Furthermore, two dirty air discharging channels 103 are symmetrically formed in the inverted arch block 1, and the dirty air discharging channels 103 are longitudinally arranged along the inverted arch block. During tunneling, a large amount of dust exists in the polluted air in long-distance single-head construction, and the polluted air is sucked out through the reserved channel, so that the working surface environment is improved.
Furthermore, the bottom of the inverted arch block 1 is provided with anti-skid teeth 104. On a 6-degree large slope surface of a coal mine inclined shaft, the inverted arch blocks 1 are large in size and heavy in self weight, and the anti-skidding teeth 104 are additionally arranged to prevent the inverted arch blocks 1 from sliding downwards to cause that adjacent inverted arch blocks are separated from being tightly attached.
Step four, referring to fig. 1 again, the auxiliary propulsion assembly 2 is adjusted to be supported on the front side of the inverted arch block 1, the hoisting assembly 3 is adjusted in a matched mode, the convex falcon 105 of the inverted arch block 1 is inserted into the concave falcon 106 of the front inverted arch block, and the front inverted arch block and the rear inverted arch block are tightly attached; the auxiliary propulsion assembly 2 and the hoisting assembly 3 can be connected to the rear part of the TBM supporting shoe 8 in the area L2 by adopting a hydraulic oil cylinder.
Step five, further tightening the auxiliary propulsion assembly 2 to provide enough pre-tightening force for the inverted arch blocks 1, and tightening the two inverted arch blocks by using tightening bolts;
furthermore, two rail supporting grooves 107 and a plurality of auxiliary lifting hooks 108 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the top surface of the inverted arch block 1, in the transportation and lifting process, the inverted arch crane is clamped with the rail supporting grooves 107 to realize transportation of the inverted arch block 1, and the lifting assembly 3 finishes lifting and positioning of the inverted arch block 1 by means of the lifting holes 102 and the auxiliary lifting hooks 108.
Step six, unloading the hoisting assembly 3, loosening the ring chain of the hoisting assembly, taking out the lifting hook, releasing the inverted arch block 1, withdrawing the chain, and returning the inverted arch crane to enter the next hoisting cycle;
in this step, after releasing the arch piece of bending upward, utilize grouting device to downthehole slip casting of slip casting for arch piece bottom and excavation section bottom clearance are closely knit by the thick liquid packing, can make like this that bend upward arch piece and tunnel internal surface laminating be in the same place, are favorable to guaranteeing that the atress is even, and the later stage is difficult to form stress concentration and leads to the fracture deformation problem, can constitute the space of filling, reduces the infiltration.
Seventhly, referring to fig. 3 and 4, constructing anchor cable holes downwards along the anchor cable holes (namely the hoisting holes 102) reserved on the inverted arch blocks by using an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area, and placing an anchoring agent and a prestressed anchor cable for anchoring;
in this step, retrieve supplementary propulsion subassembly after the anchor is accomplished, if TBM props boots 8 and can't provide sufficient thrust, supplementary propulsion subassembly continues to support in the invert piece front side, provides partial thrust for TBM, so also can solve and prop the problem that the boots can't provide sufficient holding power for TBM impels.
Step eight, paving a steel rail in a rail bearing groove 107 of the inverted arch block 1, and continuously moving forward along the steel rail by the TBM rear matched trolley;
step nine, spraying a circle of concrete with the thickness of 150mm on the vault and two sides of the anchor cable which are paved with the steel bar net sheets and are applied with the anchor cable by using a concrete spraying system, and sealing the surrounding rock;
and step ten, continuously advancing the TBM, withdrawing the steel rail after the TBM passes through the whole TBM, paving the inverted arch block ground by using concrete, and completing supporting.
In conclusion, the open type TBM construction supporting method for the coal mine inclined shaft tunnel can solve the problem that in the prior art, the tunnel primary supporting ring formation is slow when the TBM is matched with an anchor net cable-jet supporting process to construct the tunnel, so that the inverted arch blocks and surrounding rocks of a shaft form an integral supporting structure, the problems of later deformation, cracking and even bottom bulging of the inverted arch structure can be solved, and when a TBM supporting shoe cannot provide enough thrust, the auxiliary propelling component can be opened again to provide enough thrust for the TBM. The construction system is arranged in a partition-specific manner, the two-area airborne anchor cable drilling machines matched with the construction system synchronously carry out anchor cable drilling, the quick spraying and mixing system is combined, quick anchoring can be realized, the inverted arch blocks are quickly installed, the track is quickly paved, the quick spraying and mixing are carried out to seal surrounding rocks, the matched trolley is quickly followed, the TBM cutter head is quickly tunneled, and the tunneling construction efficiency is greatly improved.
Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that while exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations and modifications can be made, which are consistent with the principles of the invention, from the disclosure herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. An open type TBM construction supporting method for a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel comprises the following steps:
firstly, TBM is tunneled in a coal mine inclined shaft tunnel, when a certain footage is tunneled, a reinforcing steel bar net piece is paved along the vault of the tunnel in an L1 area, and an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in an L1 area is used for drilling the vault anchor cable in an L1 area;
paving reinforcing steel meshes along two sides of the roadway in the L2 area, and using an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area to drill anchor cables at the two sides of the L2 area;
thirdly, transporting the inverted arch blocks to a lifting initial position of an L2 area, and then lifting the inverted arch blocks to an assembling preset position of an L2 area by using an inverted arch crane; the bottom of the inverted arch block is provided with anti-slip teeth;
adjusting the auxiliary propulsion assembly to support the auxiliary propulsion assembly on the front side of the inverted arch blocks, and matching with the lifting assembly to fit the two inverted arch blocks;
step five, further tightening the auxiliary propulsion assembly to provide enough pre-tightening force for the inverted arch blocks, and tightening the two inverted arch blocks by using tightening bolts;
unloading the hoisting assembly, releasing the inverted arch block, and returning the inverted arch crane to enter the next hoisting cycle;
constructing anchor cable holes downwards along the anchor cable holes reserved on the inverted arch blocks by using an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area, and putting anchoring agents and prestressed anchor cables into the anchor cable holes for anchoring;
laying a steel rail in a rail bearing groove of the inverted arch block, and continuously moving the matched trolley forwards along the steel rail after the TBM;
step nine, spraying concrete at the vault and the two sides of the roadway to seal the surrounding rock;
and step ten, continuously advancing the TBM, withdrawing the steel rail after the TBM passes through the whole TBM, paving the inverted arch block ground by using concrete, and completing supporting.
2. The construction support method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the first step, an onboard anchor cable drilling machine in an L1 area is provided with an L1 drilling machine angle regulator, an L1 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail and an L1 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine rotates around the center of the section of the roadway, the direction of an anchor cable is consistent with the normal line of the contour line of the roadway, and the supporting angle is within 120 degrees of the top of the roadway.
3. The construction support method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the second step, the TBM steel beam in the L2 area is designed in a targeted manner, and a steel rail for the onboard anchor cable drilling machine to slide is arranged on the steel beam, so that the onboard anchor cable drilling machine can slide in a certain range in the front and back, and the requirement of a drilling process of the two sides and the bottom within a range of 240 degrees is met.
4. The construction support method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
and in the second step, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine in the L2 area is provided with an L2 drilling machine angle regulator, an L2 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail and an L2 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail, the onboard anchor cable drilling machine rotates around the center of the section of the roadway, the direction of the anchor cable is consistent with the normal line of the contour line of the roadway, and the support angle is at least 60 degrees of the range of each of two sides of the roadway.
5. The construction support method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the third step, the inverted arch block is at least provided with a bolt connecting hole and a hoisting hole, the bolt connecting hole is used for penetrating a tensioning bolt, and the hoisting hole is communicated from top to bottom and is used as a grouting hole and an anchor cable hole.
6. The construction support method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
at least one dirty air removing channel is formed in the inverted arch block, and the dirty air removing channel is longitudinally arranged along the inverted arch block.
7. The construction support method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and sixthly, after the inverted arch blocks are released, grouting is conducted in the grouting holes by using a grouting device, and gaps between the bottoms of the inverted arch blocks and the bottoms of the excavated sections are tightly filled with grout.
8. The construction support method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and seventhly, retracting the auxiliary propelling assembly after anchoring is finished, and if the TBM supporting shoe cannot provide enough thrust, continuously supporting the auxiliary propelling assembly on the front side of the inverted arch block to provide partial thrust for the TBM.
9. A construction support system for the construction support method of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a TBM cutterhead and a TBM main beam connected to the rear of the TBM cutterhead, wherein an L1-region onboard anchor drilling machine, a TBM supporting shoe and an L2-region onboard anchor drilling machine are sequentially arranged on the TBM main beam from front to back, the rear end of the TBM main beam is connected with an auxiliary propelling component and a hoisting component, the L1-region onboard anchor drilling machine is provided with an L1 drilling machine angle adjuster, an L1 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail and an L1 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail, and the L2-region onboard anchor drilling machine is provided with an L2 drilling machine angle adjuster, an L2 drilling machine up-and-down adjusting toothed rail and an L2 drilling machine front-and-back adjusting toothed rail.
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