CN112523788B - Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction - Google Patents
Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN112523788B CN112523788B CN202011284110.7A CN202011284110A CN112523788B CN 112523788 B CN112523788 B CN 112523788B CN 202011284110 A CN202011284110 A CN 202011284110A CN 112523788 B CN112523788 B CN 112523788B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010009696 Clumsiness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the stability of a primary support structure in tunnel step method construction, wherein the restraint anchor adopts an arrangement form of 'upper step small-pipe-diameter restraint anchor + middle step large-pipe-diameter restraint anchor rod', wherein the upper step restraint anchor rod adopts a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 42-50mm and the length of 6-7m, and holes are drilled obliquely downwards at an angle of 5-10 degrees by a handheld pneumatic drill; the middle step restraint anchor rod is a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 76-108mm and the length of 6-9m, and holes are drilled obliquely downwards at an angle of 10-20 degrees through a crawler-type down-the-hole drill. The invention gives full play to the respective advantages of the hand-held pneumatic drill drilling and the crawler-type down-the-hole drill drilling, not only greatly accelerates the construction progress of the constraint anchoring rod, but also avoids the outstanding problems of easy slurry leakage, difficult slurry stopping, poor grouting effect and the like when the constraint anchoring rod is obliquely upwards drilled, ensures the supporting effect of the constraint anchoring rod, and further effectively improves the stability of the primary supporting structure of the soft rock tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to a method for improving the stability of a primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction.
Background
After the soft rock tunnel is excavated, surrounding rocks are easy to effloresce, peel off and collapse rapidly, and the primary support in the tunnel subsection excavation construction process lacks effective constraint, so that the surrounding rocks are induced to be loosened and enlarged continuously, the primary support structure of the tunnel is often unstable and damaged, and the primary support structure is particularly characterized by steel frame distortion and breakage, sprayed concrete cracking and peeling, primary support deformation and invasion limit, frequent arch dismantling and arch replacement, and the problems of construction period delay, drastic increase of cost and safety out of control are caused. In order to solve the problem that primary support is easy to be unstable and damaged in soft rock tunnel construction, in the prior art, a restraint anchor rod or a locking anchor rod is tried to be arranged on the upper step and the middle step of a tunnel, and the stability of a primary support structure is tried to be improved by exerting the anchoring force of the restraint anchor rod or the locking anchor rod.
Engineering application practices show that the prior technical scheme of restraining the anchoring rod or locking the anchoring rod has the following defects:
(1) As shown in figure 1, in the existing soft rock tunnel subsection excavation construction process, the upper step and the middle step adopt restraining anchor rods with uniform diameters, the restraining anchor rods of the upper step and the middle step adopt steel pipes with the diameters of 76mm, the length of the restraining anchor rods is generally 6m, 1 steel frame is respectively arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side of the upper step and the middle step, and 4 steel frames are arranged in each steel frame. The diameter of the restraint anchor rod is larger than the drilling range of a hand-held air drill commonly used in a tunnel, and a down-the-hole drill with relatively high power is required to drill. However, the construction space of the upper step of the tunnel is very limited, the position of the upper step is high, the drilling operation of the conventional down-the-hole drill is often difficult to carry out, and the small down-the-hole drill has the outstanding problems of difficult in-place, insufficient recoil, poor maneuverability and the like, so that the drilling efficiency of the upper-step constraint anchor rod is very low, and the construction progress is seriously influenced.
(2) The existing constraint anchor rod or locking anchor rod is designed to exert the anchoring force thereof and is designed to be obliquely arranged upwards, the supporting effect depends on the anchoring force of a rod body and rock strata around a drill hole, however, the drill hole is obliquely arranged upwards, and slurry flows and overflows towards the direction of the drill hole under the action of gravity and grouting pressure during grouting operation, so that the grouting difficulty of the drill hole is caused, and the actual grouting anchoring effect of the constraint anchor rod cannot meet the requirement. Due to the influence of the factors, the supporting effect of the existing restraint anchor rod or locking anchor rod is greatly limited, and the stability of the primary supporting structure is difficult to effectively improve.
In conclusion, the existing restraining anchor rod or locking anchor rod is time-consuming and labor-consuming in actual construction operation, and is difficult to guarantee the action effect, so that an effective method for improving the stability of the primary support structure in the soft rock tunnel construction is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for effectively improving the stability of a primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the stability of a primary support structure in the construction of a soft rock tunnel is characterized in that the soft rock tunnel is constructed by a three-step method, a restraining anchor rod of an upper step of the tunnel is arranged at the arch waist position of the upper step of the tunnel, the restraining anchor rod of the upper step is a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 42-50mm and the length of 6-7m, and 2-4 steel frames are respectively arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side;
the middle step restraining anchor rod is a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 76-108mm and the length of 6-9m, and 1-2 steel frames are arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side respectively;
the fixing hole of the restraining and anchoring rod of the upper step is drilled by a handheld pneumatic drill;
the fixing holes of the restraining and anchoring rods of the upper step are drilled by a crawler-type down-the-hole drill.
In the method for improving the stability of the primary support structure in the soft rock tunnel construction, the fixing holes of the upper step constraint anchoring rods are arranged obliquely downwards, and the included angle between the fixing holes and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees.
In the method for improving the stability of the primary support structure in the soft rock tunnel construction, the fixing holes of the middle step constraint anchoring rods are obliquely and downwards arranged, and the included angle between the fixing holes and the horizontal plane is 10-20 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention selects the restraining anchoring rod with the same drawing force but different pipe diameters as the prior art on the upper step and the middle step of the tunnel, and correspondingly, the types of adopted drilling machines are different. Wherein the upper step adopts a small-pipe-diameter constraint anchor rod with the diameter of 42-50mm, and holes are drilled through a handheld air drill; the middle step adopts a large-diameter constraint anchoring rod, the diameter of the middle step is 76-108mm, and holes are drilled through a crawler-type down-the-hole drill. The upper step constraint anchor rod adopts the handheld air drill to drill holes, the drilling operation is flexible and rapid, the efficiency is high, the problems of clumsiness, limited space, low efficiency and the like of a drilling machine when the upper step adopts the large-diameter constraint anchor rod to drill holes are solved, the drilling operation can be performed simultaneously with the tunnel lock foot anchor pipe and the advanced small conduit drilling operation, and the working time is saved. Compared with the prior art, the construction efficiency can be improved by more than 3 times; in addition, the middle step is drilled by the crawler-type down-the-hole drill, the drilling machine is high in maneuverability and drilling efficiency, the diameter of the constraint anchoring rod is increased, the advantages of the down-the-hole drill can be fully exerted, and a better supporting effect is achieved.
(2) The restraining and anchoring rods for the upper step and the middle step of the tunnel are arranged in a downward inclined mode. When restraint anchor rod slip casting operation, but the thick liquid flows to the anchor section that is in the country rock deep automatically under the dead weight effect, has avoided among the prior art constraint anchor rod slant to arrange a series of problems such as easy hourglass thick liquid, the grout stopping is difficult, slip casting effect and anchoring effect difference that exist, has improved the slip casting quality of restraint anchor rod greatly, has guaranteed the slip casting anchor effect of restraint anchor rod. In addition, when the constraint anchor rod is obliquely arranged downwards, the constraint anchor rod can also play a role of an inclined pile, so that even if the constraint anchor rod does not go deep into a stable rock stratum and fails to play an expected anchoring role, the constraint anchor rod can still serve as the inclined pile to play a powerful vertical supporting role for the primary support of the tunnel, and the settlement deformation of the soft rock tunnel is effectively resisted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional planar arrangement of constrained anchor rods in the background art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional plane layout of the constraining anchor rods of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-upper step constraint anchor rod, 2-middle step constraint anchor rod, 3-upper step locking pin anchor pipe, 4-middle step locking pin anchor pipe, 5-lower step locking pin anchor pipe, 6-upper step, 7-middle step, 8-lower step.
Detailed Description
In order to make the contents, technical schemes and characteristics of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention has proposed a method for improving the stability of preliminary bracing structure in the construction of the step method of the tunnel to the construction method of three steps, as shown in fig. 2, the upper step restrains the anchorage bar 1 and locates at the upper step and encircles the waist position, two adjacent steel frames of left and right both sides of upper step set up 2 respectively, 4 in total; according to the results of the constrained anchor grouting and drawing test, the drawing force of 1 6m long phi 42 steel pipe is 267kN, the drawing force of 1 6m long phi 76 steel pipe is 530-540kN, and it is obvious that the drawing force of 26 m long phi 42 steel pipes is equivalent to that of 1 6m long phi 76 steel pipe. Then, 2-4 phi 42 constraint anchor rods are respectively arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side of the upper step, so that the reinforcing effect shown in figure 1 can be achieved.
The middle step constraint anchor rods 2 are positioned in the middle of a middle step side wall of the tunnel, and 1 steel frame is arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side of the middle step respectively, and the total number of the steel frames is 2. The upper step constraint anchoring rod 1 is a small-pipe-diameter hot-rolled seamless steel pipe, the diameter of the upper step constraint anchoring rod is 50mm, the length of the upper step constraint anchoring rod is 6m, the upper step constraint anchoring rod is arranged obliquely downwards, and an included angle between the upper step constraint anchoring rod and the horizontal plane is 10 degrees; the middle step constraint anchoring rod 2 is a large-diameter hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 108mm and the length of 6m, and is obliquely arranged downwards and forms an included angle of 20 degrees with the horizontal plane. Except the upper step and the middle step constraint anchor rods, 2 locking anchor pipes are respectively arranged at the arch feet of the upper step, the middle step and the lower step. The diameters of the upper step locking pin anchor pipe 3, the middle step locking pin anchor pipe 4 and the lower step locking pin anchor pipe 5 are all 42mm, the lengths of the upper step locking pin anchor pipe and the middle step locking pin anchor pipe are 4m, the upper step locking pin anchor pipe 3 is obliquely arranged downwards, included angles between the upper step locking pin anchor pipe 3 and a horizontal plane are 20 degrees, and included angles between the middle step locking pin anchor pipe 4 and the lower step locking pin anchor pipe 5 and the horizontal plane are all 30 degrees.
Constraint anchor rods in the background technology are arranged obliquely upwards, and the primary support of the tunnel is suspended through grouting anchoring. This is merely one technical effect or purpose that is theoretically intended to be achieved. In fact, however, the anchoring effect of the obliquely upward grouting cannot be guaranteed, so that the technical effect to be achieved theoretically is difficult to achieve in reality, and even the supporting effect of restraining the anchoring rod cannot be achieved. The invention adopts a downward oblique grouting angle of 5-10 degrees, which is beneficial to grouting, effectively plays a role in grouting and anchoring and can also play a role in inhibiting primary support settlement. Obviously, compared with the supporting function of the constraint anchor rod in the background technology which is difficult to play, even impossible to play, the technical scheme of the invention can effectively play the supporting function of the constraint anchor rod, and has stronger actual effect than the actual effect of the constraint anchor rod arranged obliquely upwards in the background technology.
The method comprises the following specific construction steps:
(1) And constructing an upper step 6 of the tunnel. After an upper step 6 of the tunnel is excavated, an upper step steel frame is erected, an upper step locking anchor pipe 3 is drilled, then two adjacent steel frame arches on the left side and the right side of the upper step are drilled obliquely downwards by a handheld down-the-hole drill by 10 degrees, an upper step constraint anchor rod 1 is placed into the drilled hole after the holes are cleaned, the end part of the constraint anchor rod 1 is connected with the two adjacent steel frames by a steel frame longitudinal connecting piece, then the upper step constraint anchor rod 1 is grouted, and finally, the upper step is sprayed with concrete.
(2) And constructing a step 7 in the tunnel. After excavation of a tunnel middle step 7 is finished, erecting a middle step steel frame, drilling a middle step locking anchor pipe 4, then drilling holes obliquely downwards at 20 degrees through a crawler-type down-the-hole drilling machine at the middle position of the side wall of two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side of the tunnel middle step, feeding the middle step restraining anchor rod 2 into the drilled holes after hole cleaning, connecting the end part of the middle step restraining anchor rod 2 with the two adjacent steel frames through a steel frame longitudinal connecting piece, then grouting the middle step restraining anchor rod 2, and finally performing middle step concrete spraying operation.
(3) And constructing a tunnel lower step 8. After the excavation of the tunnel lower step 8 is finished, a lower step steel frame is erected, a lower step locking anchor pipe 5 is arranged, and then the lower step concrete spraying operation is carried out.
In the method for improving the stability of the primary support structure in the tunnel step method construction, an arrangement form of 'upper step small pipe diameter constraint anchor rod + middle step large pipe diameter constraint anchor rod' is adopted, and the method is different from an arrangement form of 'upper and middle steps adopting large pipe diameter constraint anchor rods' in the prior art scheme, and mainly has the following advantages:
(1) The left side and the right side of the upper step are respectively provided with 2 small-pipe-diameter constraint anchoring rods 1 (the diameter is 50mm, the length is 6 m), holes are drilled through the handheld pneumatic drill, the drilling is flexible and efficient, a down-the-hole drill is not needed for drilling, and the problems that the drilling machine is clumsy, the space is limited, the efficiency is low and the like when the large-pipe-diameter constraint anchoring rods are used for drilling in the upper step at present are solved. In addition, in the aspect of supporting performance, the drawing force of 26 m long phi 50 constraint anchoring rods is greater than that of 1 6m long phi 76 steel pipe in the background technology, and the corresponding supporting effect is better.
(2) The middle step is drilled by a crawler-type down-the-hole drill by adopting a large-diameter constraint anchor rod 2 (the diameter is 108m and the length is 6 m). Because the middle step place is wide, the crawler-type down-the-hole drill performance can fully be executed and expanded, improves restraint anchor rod drilling efficiency greatly, and moreover, middle step restraint anchor rod 2 increases the body of rod diameter to 108mm, and it resists and subsides the effect and the anchor effect is more showing.
(3) The upper step constraint anchor rod 1 and the middle step constraint anchor rod 2 are both obliquely and downwards arranged. When the constraint anchor rod grouting operation, the grout can automatically flow to the anchoring section in the deep part of the surrounding rock under the self-weight action, so that a series of problems of easy grout leakage, difficult grout stopping, poor grouting effect, poor anchoring effect and the like in the inclined upward arrangement of the constraint anchor rod in the prior art are avoided, the grouting quality of the constraint anchor rod is greatly improved, and the anchoring effect of the constraint anchor rod is ensured. In addition, when the constraint anchor rod is obliquely arranged downwards, the constraint anchor rod can also play a role of an inclined pile, so that even if the constraint anchor rod does not go deep into a stable rock stratum and fails to play an expected anchoring role, the constraint anchor rod can still serve as the inclined pile to play a powerful vertical supporting role on the primary support of the tunnel, the soft rock tunnel settlement deformation is effectively resisted, and the stability of the primary support structure of the soft rock tunnel is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various embodiments can be formed according to different constrained anchor rod diameters and driving angles, and all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the stability of a primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction is provided, wherein the soft rock tunnel is constructed by a three-step method, and is characterized in that: the restraint anchor rods of the upper step of the tunnel are arranged at the arch waist position of the upper step of the tunnel, the restraint anchor rods of the upper step are hot-rolled seamless steel pipes with the diameter of 42-50mm and the length of 6-7m, and 2-4 steel frames are respectively arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side;
the middle step constraint anchor rod is a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 76-108mm and the length of 6-9m, and 1-2 steel frames are arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the left side and the right side;
the fixing holes of the constraint anchoring rods of the upper step are drilled by a handheld air drill; the fixing holes of the restraining and anchoring rods of the middle step are drilled by a crawler-type down-the-hole drill;
the fixing hole of the upper step constraint anchoring rod is obliquely downwards arranged, and the included angle between the fixing hole and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees; the fixing holes of the middle step constraint anchoring rods are obliquely downwards arranged, and the included angle between the fixing holes and the horizontal plane is 10-20 degrees.
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| CN202011284110.7A CN112523788B (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction |
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| CN202011284110.7A CN112523788B (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction |
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| CN112523788B true CN112523788B (en) | 2023-03-10 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103628889A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-12 | 中铁十三局集团有限公司 | Quick sealing method for excavating phyllite stratum tunnel |
| CN107448205A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-08 | 长安大学 | The large deformation control method of chlorite quartz-schist aquifer water-bearing stratum longspan tunnel |
| CN108798702A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-13 | 长安大学 | A kind of method for protecting support of big cross section large-deformation tunnel in soft rock |
| CN110005456A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-12 | 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司 | A kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method |
| CN110778320A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-11 | 中铁五局集团有限公司 | Synchronous excavation supporting construction method for three-step inverted arch of weak surrounding rock tunnel |
-
2020
- 2020-11-17 CN CN202011284110.7A patent/CN112523788B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103628889A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-12 | 中铁十三局集团有限公司 | Quick sealing method for excavating phyllite stratum tunnel |
| CN107448205A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-08 | 长安大学 | The large deformation control method of chlorite quartz-schist aquifer water-bearing stratum longspan tunnel |
| CN108798702A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-13 | 长安大学 | A kind of method for protecting support of big cross section large-deformation tunnel in soft rock |
| CN110005456A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-12 | 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司 | A kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method |
| CN110778320A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-11 | 中铁五局集团有限公司 | Synchronous excavation supporting construction method for three-step inverted arch of weak surrounding rock tunnel |
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