CN112523788B - Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction - Google Patents
Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于隧道工程领域,具体涉及一种提高软岩隧道施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法。The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering, and in particular relates to a method for improving the stability of an initial support structure in soft rock tunnel construction.
背景技术Background technique
软岩隧道在开挖后,围岩极易迅速风化、剥落、坍塌,加上隧道分部开挖施工过程中初期支护缺乏有效约束,会诱发围岩松弛不断扩大,常常导致隧道初期支护结构发生失稳、破坏,具体表现为钢架扭曲折断、喷射混凝土开裂剥落、初期支护变形侵限,被迫频繁拆换拱,造成工期延误、费用剧增、安全失控。为解决软岩隧道施工中初期支护易发生失稳破坏的问题,现有技术曾尝试在隧道上、中台阶打设约束锚固杆或锁固锚杆,试图通过发挥其锚固力来提高初期支护结构的稳定性。After the excavation of soft rock tunnels, the surrounding rocks are easily weathered, spalled, and collapsed rapidly. In addition, the lack of effective restraint of the initial support during the tunnel excavation process will induce the continuous expansion of the surrounding rock relaxation, which often leads to the failure of the initial support of the tunnel. The structure is unstable and damaged, which is manifested in the twisting and breaking of the steel frame, the cracking and peeling of the shotcrete, and the deformation of the initial support. The arch is forced to be frequently removed and replaced, resulting in delays in the construction period, a sharp increase in costs, and a loss of safety control. In order to solve the problem that the initial support is prone to instability and damage in the construction of soft rock tunnels, the existing technology has tried to install restraint anchor rods or locking anchor rods on the upper and middle steps of the tunnel, trying to improve the initial support by exerting its anchoring force. the stability of the structure.
工程应用实践表明,现有约束锚固杆或锁固锚杆技术方案存在以下不足:Engineering application practice shows that the existing technical solutions for restraint anchor rods or locking anchor rods have the following deficiencies:
(1)如图1所示,现有软岩隧道分部开挖施工过程中,上、中台阶采用了统一直径的约束锚固杆,如上、中台阶约束锚固杆均采用直径为76mm的钢管,长度一般为6m,上台阶和中台阶左、右两侧相邻两榀钢架之间各设置1根,每榀钢架共设置4根。该约束锚固杆由于直径较大,超过了隧道中常用的手持式风钻的钻孔范围,须采用功率相对较大的潜孔钻机进行钻孔。但是由于隧道上台阶施工作业空间十分有限,且上台阶所处位置较高,常规潜孔钻机的钻孔作业往往难以开展,而选择小型的潜孔钻机则存在就位困难、后座力不足、机动性差等突出问题,导致上台阶约束锚固杆钻孔效率十分低下,严重影响施工进度。(1) As shown in Figure 1, during the partial excavation of the existing soft rock tunnel, the upper and middle steps use restraint anchor rods with a uniform diameter. The length is generally 6m, and one is installed between the two adjacent steel frames on the left and right sides of the upper and middle steps, and each steel frame is equipped with a total of 4. Due to the large diameter of the constrained anchor rod, it exceeds the drilling range of the hand-held pneumatic drill commonly used in the tunnel, and a relatively large power down-the-hole drilling machine must be used for drilling. However, due to the limited space for construction work on the upper steps of the tunnel and the higher position of the upper steps, it is often difficult to carry out drilling operations with conventional down-the-hole drilling rigs, while choosing small down-the-hole drilling rigs has difficulties in positioning, insufficient recoil, Prominent problems such as poor maneuverability lead to very low drilling efficiency of the upper step restraint anchor rod, which seriously affects the construction progress.
(2)现有约束锚固杆或锁固锚杆,设计上为发挥其锚固力,均采用斜向上打设,其支护作用的发挥依赖于杆体与钻孔周围岩层的锚固力,然而由于钻孔为斜向上打设,在注浆作业时,浆液在重力和注浆压力作用下会往钻孔孔口方向流动、溢出,造成孔口止浆困难,导致约束锚固杆的实际注浆锚固效果无法满足要求。由于受上述因素的影响,现有约束锚固杆或锁固锚杆的支护效果受到了很大限制,难以有效提高初期支护结构的稳定性。(2) Existing restraint anchor rods or locking anchor rods are designed to exert their anchoring force, and they are all installed obliquely upwards. The hole is drilled obliquely upward. During the grouting operation, the grout will flow and overflow towards the hole hole under the action of gravity and grouting pressure, making it difficult to stop the grouting at the hole, which will restrict the actual grouting anchoring effect of the anchor rod. The request could not be met. Due to the influence of the above factors, the support effect of the existing restraint anchor rods or locking anchor rods is greatly limited, and it is difficult to effectively improve the stability of the primary support structure.
综上,现有的约束锚固杆或锁固锚杆在实际施工作业时,既费时费力,又难以保证作用效果,亟待形成一种行之有效的提高软岩隧道施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法。In summary, the existing restraining anchor rods or locking anchor rods are time-consuming and labor-intensive in actual construction operations, and it is difficult to ensure the effect. It is urgent to form an effective way to improve the stability of the primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction. Methods.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术中的不足之处,本发明的目的是提供一种行之有效的提高软岩隧道施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法。In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an effective method for improving the stability of the primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种提高软岩隧道施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法,所述的软岩隧道采用三台阶法施工,隧道上台阶的约束锚固杆设置于隧道上台阶拱腰位置,所述的上台阶的约束锚固杆为直径为42-50mm、长6-7m的热轧无缝钢管,左右两侧相邻两榀钢架之间各设置2-4根;A method for improving the stability of the initial support structure in the construction of soft rock tunnels, the soft rock tunnels are constructed using the three-step method, the restraint anchor rods of the upper steps of the tunnel are set at the arch waist of the upper steps of the tunnel, and the upper steps The restraint anchor rods are hot-rolled seamless steel pipes with a diameter of 42-50mm and a length of 6-7m, and 2-4 rods are arranged between the two adjacent steel frames on the left and right sides;
隧道中台阶约束锚固杆设置于隧道中台阶边墙中部,所述的中台阶约束锚固杆为直径为76-108mm、长6-9m的热轧无缝钢管,左右两侧相邻两榀钢架之间各设置1-2根;The middle step restraint anchor rod of the tunnel is set in the middle of the side wall of the middle step of the tunnel. The middle step restraint anchor rod is a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 76-108mm and a length of 6-9m. There are two adjacent steel frames on the left and right sides. Each set 1-2 between;
所述的上台阶的约束锚固杆的固定孔采用手持式风钻进行钻孔而得;The fixing hole of the constraint anchor rod on the upper step is obtained by drilling with a hand-held pneumatic drill;
所述的上台阶的约束锚固杆的固定孔采用履带式潜孔钻机钻孔而得。The fixing holes of the constraining anchor rods on the upper steps are drilled by crawler-type down-the-hole drilling rigs.
上述提高软岩隧道施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法中,所述上台阶约束锚固杆的固定孔沿采用斜向下打设,与水平面夹角为5°-10°。In the method for improving the stability of the initial support structure in the construction of soft rock tunnels, the fixing holes of the upper step constraining anchor rods are drilled obliquely downward, and the included angle with the horizontal plane is 5°-10°.
上述提高软岩隧道施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法中,所述中台阶约束锚固杆的固定孔采用斜向下打设,与水平面夹角为10°-20°。In the method for improving the stability of the primary support structure in the construction of soft rock tunnels, the fixing holes of the middle-step constraint anchor rods are drilled obliquely downward, and the included angle with the horizontal plane is 10°-20°.
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
(1)本发明在隧道上、中台阶选择采用了与现有技术中拉拔力相当但不同管径的约束锚固杆,相应地所采用的钻机类型也不相同。其中上台阶采用小管径约束锚固杆,直径为42-50mm,通过手持式风钻进行钻孔;中台阶采用大管径约束锚固杆,直径为76-108mm,通过履带式潜孔钻机进行钻孔。上台阶约束锚固杆采用手持式风钻钻孔,钻孔作业灵活、快捷,效率高,避免了上台阶采用大管径约束锚固杆钻孔时钻机笨拙、空间受限、效率低等问题,且可与隧道锁脚锚管和超前小导管钻孔作业同时进行,节省工时。相比现有技术,本发明施工效率可提高3倍以上;另外中台阶采用履带式潜孔钻机钻孔,钻机机动性强、钻孔效率高,增大约束锚固杆直径,不仅可以充分发挥潜孔钻机的优势,而且具有更好的支护效果。(1) The present invention selects restraint anchor rods with the same pulling force as those in the prior art but with different pipe diameters on the upper and middle steps of the tunnel, and correspondingly, the types of drilling rigs used are also different. Among them, the upper steps use small-diameter restraint anchor rods with a diameter of 42-50mm, which are drilled by hand-held pneumatic drills; the middle steps use large-diameter restraint anchor rods, with a diameter of 76-108mm, and are drilled by crawler-type down-the-hole drilling rigs . The upper step restraint anchor rod is drilled with a hand-held pneumatic drill. The drilling operation is flexible, fast, and high in efficiency. It is carried out at the same time as the tunnel locking foot anchor pipe and the advanced small conduit drilling operation, saving man-hours. Compared with the existing technology, the construction efficiency of the present invention can be increased by more than 3 times; in addition, the middle steps are drilled by crawler-type down-the-hole drilling rigs, which have strong maneuverability and high drilling efficiency, and increasing the diameter of the restraint anchor rod can not only fully utilize the potential The advantages of the hole drilling machine, but also has a better support effect.
(2)本发明隧道上台阶和中台阶约束锚固杆均采用了斜向下打设的方式。在约束锚固杆注浆作业时,浆液在自重作用下可自动流向处于围岩深部的锚固段,避免了现有技术中约束锚固杆斜向上布置存在的易漏浆、止浆难、注浆效果和锚固效果差等一系列问题,大大提高了约束锚固杆的注浆质量,保证了约束锚固杆的注浆锚固效果。此外,约束锚固杆斜向下打设时,约束锚固杆还可起到斜桩的作用,这样即使约束锚固杆未深入到稳定岩层、未能起到预期的锚固作用,也仍然可作为斜桩对隧道初期支护起到强有力的竖向支承作用,有效抵抗软岩隧道沉降变形。(2) The restraining anchor rods of the upper and middle steps of the tunnel in the present invention adopt the method of driving obliquely downward. During the grouting operation of the restrained anchor rod, the grout can automatically flow to the anchoring section in the deep part of the surrounding rock under the action of its own weight, avoiding the easy grout leakage, difficulty in stopping the grout, and grouting effect in the prior art when the restrained anchor rod is arranged obliquely upward And a series of problems such as poor anchoring effect have greatly improved the grouting quality of the restraint anchor rod and ensured the grouting anchorage effect of the restraint anchor rod. In addition, when the restraint anchor rod is driven obliquely downward, the restraint anchor rod can also function as an inclined pile, so that even if the restraint anchor rod does not go deep into the stable rock formation and fails to play the expected anchoring role, it can still be used as an inclined pile It plays a strong vertical support role for the initial support of the tunnel and effectively resists the settlement and deformation of the soft rock tunnel.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为背景技术中约束锚固杆二维平面布置示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional plane layout of a constrained anchor rod in the background art.
图2为本发明中约束锚固杆二维平面布置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional plane layout of a constrained anchor rod in the present invention.
其中:1-上台阶约束锚固杆,2-中台阶约束锚固杆,3-上台阶锁脚锚管,4-中台阶锁脚锚管,5-下台阶锁脚锚管,6-上台阶,7-中台阶,8-下台阶。Among them: 1 - upper step restraint anchor rod, 2 - middle step restraint anchor rod, 3 - upper step lock foot anchor tube, 4 - middle step lock foot anchor tube, 5 - lower step lock foot anchor tube, 6 - upper step, 7-middle steps, 8-lower steps.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的内容、技术方案及特点更加清晰,结合附图及实施方式对本发明进行进一步详细说明。In order to make the content, technical solutions and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明提出了一种针对三台阶施工法的可提高隧道台阶法施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法,如图2所示,上台阶约束锚固杆1位于上台阶拱腰位置,上台阶左、右两侧相邻两榀钢架之间各设置2根,共计4根;根据约束锚固杆注浆拉拔试验结果,1根6m长φ42钢管的拉拔力为267kN,1根6m长φ76钢管的拉拔力为530-540kN,显然2根6m长φ42钢管的拉拔力与1根6m长φ76钢管的拉拔力相当。那么,上台阶左、右两侧相邻两榀钢架之间各设置2~4根φ42约束锚固杆是同样可以达到如图1所示的加固效果的。The present invention proposes a method for improving the stability of the initial support structure in the construction of the tunnel step method for the three-step construction method. As shown in Figure 2, the upper step constraint anchor rod 1 is located , and between two adjacent steel frames on the right side, 2 in total, 4 in total; according to the results of the grouting pull-out test of restraint anchor rods, the pulling force of a 6m-long φ42 steel pipe is 267kN, and a 6m-long φ76 The pulling force of the steel pipe is 530-540kN. Obviously, the pulling force of two 6m long φ42 steel pipes is equivalent to that of one 6m long φ76 steel pipe. Then, setting 2 to 4 φ42 restraint anchor rods between the two adjacent steel frames on the left and right sides of the upper step can also achieve the reinforcement effect shown in Figure 1.
中台阶约束锚固杆2位于隧道中台阶边墙中部,在中台阶左、右两侧相邻两榀钢架之间各设置1根,共计2根。上台阶约束锚固杆1采用小管径热轧无缝钢管,直径为50mm,长度为6m,斜向下打设,与水平面夹角呈10°;中台阶约束锚固杆2采用大管径热轧无缝钢管,直径为108mm,长度为6m,斜向下打设,与水平面夹角呈20°。除了上、中台阶约束锚固杆外,在上台阶、中台阶以及下台阶拱脚处各打设2根锁脚锚管。上台阶锁脚锚管3、中台阶锁脚锚管4以及下台阶锁脚锚管5的直径均为42mm,长度为4m,斜向下打设,其中上台阶锁脚锚管3与水平面夹角呈20°,中台阶锁脚锚管4和下台阶锁脚锚管5与水平面夹角均呈30°。The mid-step
背景技术中约束锚固杆斜向上布置,通过注浆锚固,对隧道初期支护起到悬吊作用。这只是从理论上想要达到的一种技术效果或者目的。但事实上,由于斜向上注浆的锚固效果无法保证,导致这种理论上要达到的技术效果在现实中很难实现,甚至无法发挥约束锚固杆的支护效果。本发明采用斜向下的注浆角度,角度为5°-10°,不仅利于注浆,有效起到注浆锚固的作用,同时还能起到抑制初期支护沉降的效果。显然,相比背景技术中约束锚固杆的支护作用难以发挥,甚至无法发挥,本发明的技术方案能够使约束锚固杆的支护作用得到有效发挥,而且比背景技术中约束锚固杆斜向上布置发挥的实际功效要强。In the background art, the restraint anchor rods are arranged obliquely upward, and are anchored by grouting to play a suspending effect on the primary support of the tunnel. This is only a technical effect or purpose that is theoretically intended to be achieved. But in fact, since the anchoring effect of oblique upward grouting cannot be guaranteed, it is difficult to realize the theoretical technical effect in reality, and even the supporting effect of the restrained anchor rod cannot be exerted. The present invention adopts an oblique downward grouting angle of 5°-10°, which is not only beneficial to grouting, but also effectively plays the role of grouting and anchoring, and can also inhibit the initial support settlement at the same time. Apparently, compared with the background art, it is difficult or even impossible to play the supporting role of the restraint anchor rods. The technical solution of the present invention can effectively exert the support function of the restraint anchor rods, and it is better than the obliquely upward arrangement of the restraint anchor rods in the background technology. The actual effect of play is stronger.
上述方法的具体施工步骤如下:The concrete construction steps of above-mentioned method are as follows:
(1)隧道上台阶6施工。隧道上台阶6开挖后架设上台阶钢架,并打设上台阶锁脚锚管3,然后在上台阶左、右侧相邻两榀钢架拱腰位置,通过手持式潜孔钻斜向下10°进行钻孔,清孔后将上台阶约束锚固杆1放入钻孔内,约束锚固杆1端部借助钢架纵向连接件与相邻两榀钢架进行连接,然后对上台阶约束锚固杆1进行注浆,最后进行上台阶喷射混凝土作业。(1) Construction of
(2)隧道中台阶7施工。隧道中台阶7开挖结束后,架设中台阶钢架,并打设中台阶锁脚锚管4,然后在隧道中台阶左、右侧相邻两榀钢架的边墙中间位置,通过履带式潜孔钻机斜向下20°进行钻孔,清孔后将中台阶约束锚固杆2送入钻孔内,中台阶约束锚固杆2端部借助钢架纵向连接件与相邻两榀钢架进行连接,然后对中台阶约束锚固杆2进行注浆,最后进行中台阶喷射混凝土作业。(2) Construction of
(3)隧道下台阶8施工。隧道下台阶8开挖结束后,架设下台阶钢架,并打设下台阶锁脚锚管5,然后进行下台阶喷射混凝土作业。(3) Construction of the
上述提高隧道台阶法施工中初期支护结构稳定性的方法中,采用了“上台阶小管径约束锚固杆+中台阶大管径约束锚固杆”的布置形式,区别于现有技术方案中采用的“上、中台阶均采用大管径约束锚固杆”的布置形式,主要有以下优势:In the above-mentioned method of improving the stability of the primary support structure in the construction of the tunnel step method, the arrangement form of "small diameter restraint anchor rod on the upper step + restraint anchor rod with large diameter pipe on the middle step" is adopted, which is different from that adopted in the existing technical scheme. The layout of "both the upper and middle steps adopt large-diameter restraint anchor rods" mainly has the following advantages:
(1)上台阶左、右侧各采用2根小管径约束锚固杆1(直径为50mm,长度为6m),通过手持风钻钻孔,灵活、高效,无需采用潜孔钻机进行钻孔,避免了目前上台阶采用大管径约束锚固杆钻孔时钻机笨拙、空间受限、效率低等问题。此外,在支护性能上,2根6m长φ50约束锚固杆的拉拔力大于背景技术中1根6m长φ76钢管的拉拔力,相应的支护效果更佳。(1) Two small-diameter restraint anchor rods 1 (50mm in diameter and 6m in length) are used on the left and right sides of the upper steps, and the holes are drilled with a hand-held pneumatic drill, which is flexible and efficient, and does not need to be drilled with a down-the-hole drilling machine to avoid Solve the problems of clumsy drilling rig, limited space and low efficiency when using large-diameter restraint anchor rods to drill holes in the upper steps. In addition, in terms of support performance, the pullout force of two 6m long φ50 restraint anchor rods is greater than the pullout force of one 6m long φ76 steel pipe in the background technology, and the corresponding support effect is better.
(2)中台阶采用大管径约束锚固杆2(直径为108m,长度为6m),通过履带式潜孔钻机钻孔。由于中台阶场地宽阔,履带式潜孔钻机性能可以充分施展,大大提高约束锚固杆钻孔效率,而且,中台阶约束锚固杆2增加杆体直径至108mm,其抵抗沉降效果和锚固效果更为显著。(2) The middle steps use large-diameter restraint anchor rods 2 (108m in diameter and 6m in length), and are drilled by crawler-type down-the-hole drilling rigs. Due to the wide mid-step site, the performance of the crawler down-the-hole drilling rig can be fully displayed, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency of the restraint anchor rod. Moreover, the diameter of the mid-step
(3)上台阶约束锚固杆1和中台阶约束锚固杆2均斜向下打设。在约束锚固杆注浆作业时,浆液在自重作用下可自动流向处于围岩深部的锚固段,避免了现有技术中约束锚固杆斜向上布置存在的易漏浆、止浆难、注浆效果和锚固效果差等一系列问题,大大提高了约束锚固杆的注浆质量,保证了约束锚固杆的锚固效果。此外,约束锚固杆斜向下打设时,约束锚固杆还可起到斜桩的作用,这样即使约束锚固杆未深入到稳定岩层、未能起到预期的锚固作用,也仍然可作为斜桩对隧道初期支护起到强有力的竖向支承作用,有效抵抗软岩隧道沉降变形,提高软岩隧道初期支护结构的稳定性。(3) The restraint anchor rod 1 of the upper step and the
本发明不限于上述实施例,根据不同约束锚固杆直径、打设角度,可形成多个实施例,且均落入本发明要求的保护范围之内。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and multiple embodiments can be formed according to different restraining anchor rod diameters and setting angles, all of which fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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