CN110005456A - A kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method - Google Patents
A kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110005456A CN110005456A CN201910317284.XA CN201910317284A CN110005456A CN 110005456 A CN110005456 A CN 110005456A CN 201910317284 A CN201910317284 A CN 201910317284A CN 110005456 A CN110005456 A CN 110005456A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method, comprising the following steps: S1: tunnel top bar is excavated；S2: obtaining enclosing lithologies, intensity, stress, buried depth, thickness and occurrence design feature information, sentences and knows serious deformation grade；S3: according to serious deformation grade, anchor pole pattern, and first pneumatically placed concrete are chosen；S4: preparation of construction is carried out, and hole location setting-out is installed in Short bolt；S5: installation Short bolt simultaneously carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity；Construction method disclosed by the invention is suitable for soft rock large deformation railway tunnel, vcehicular tunnel and similar underground engineering, different process steric requirements are constructed using long anchor pole after first Short bolt according to benching tunnelling method, it ensure that suspension roof support effect can play in time, effectively control the occurrence and development of large deformation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of tunnel construction more particularly to a kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole quickly to apply
Work method.
Background technique
In the past generally in large-deformation tunnel in soft rock construction, due to cannot preferably judge the occurrence and development feelings of large deformation
Condition, and since large-deformation tunnel in soft rock mostly uses partial excavation method, it is limited that long anchor pole applies space, and it is often stagnant to apply the time
Afterwards, cause to handle again after large deformation occurrence and development, not only dig, change deform brokenly ring first branch security risk it is very big, and
And all huge increase of duration, cost.Therefore, generation and the distortion level for judging large deformation in time, quickly apply suspension roof support system
System, it is particularly significant to punishment soft rock tunnel soft rock large deformation harm.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method, it is intended to solve above-mentioned
Problem.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method, including it is following
Step:
S1: tunnel top bar is excavated；
S2: enclosing lithologies, intensity, stress, buried depth, thickness and occurrence design feature information are obtained, knowledge serious deformation is sentenced
Grade；
S3: according to serious deformation grade, anchor pole pattern, and first pneumatically placed concrete are chosen；
S4: preparation of construction is carried out, and hole location setting-out is installed in Short bolt；
S5: installation Short bolt simultaneously carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity；
S6: step and excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in tunnel；
S7: linked network stand, multiple shotcrete support construction are carried out；
S8: region is applied to long anchor pole and carries out Land leveling；
S9: preparation of construction is carried out, and in long rockbolt installation hole location setting-out；
S10: installing long anchor pole and carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity.
Further, the anchor plate position carries out fluting processing, depth of groove 10cm.
Further, in step s 8, after Land leveling, ground transverse direction irregularity degree is less than 3 degree, the out-of-flatness of ground longitudinal direction
Degree is less than 30 degree.
Further, in step s 5, the step of installing Short bolt includes: using Multifunctional bench, using common air drill
Wet boring is drilled with bolthole, according to the anchor pole orifice position of mark, vertical scar or vertical-dipping bed bed plane angle drilling, and hole
As deep as to after requiring, manually installed anchor rod body installs stop grouting plug and exhaust pipe.
Further, in step slo, the step of installing long anchor pole include: using rock bolting jumbo, drifter with booms or
Note all-in-one machine is bored, according to the anchor pole hole location of setting-out, angle rapid drilling as required after hole depth reaches requirement, installs anchor pole bar
Body installs stop grouting plug and exhaust pipe.
Further, the method for the bolt grouting includes: that injection slurry is pressed into bolthole with grouting pump, until exhaust
Underflow is flowed out in hole, and by bolt grouting mouth and port closing.
Further, further comprising the steps of: the Real-Time Measuring tunnel deformation situation, dynamic adjust bolt design parameters.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: construction method disclosed by the invention is suitable for the big change of soft rock
Shape railway tunnel, vcehicular tunnel and similar underground engineering construct different process steric requirements using first short anchor according to benching tunnelling method
Long anchor pole after bar ensure that suspension roof support effect can play in time, effectively control the occurrence and development of large deformation.Long anchor pole uses
Rock bolting jumbo applies, and the drilling of 360 degree of full angles selects anchor pole pattern according to characteristics of surrounding rock, using quick setting early strength New Grouting Material,
It ensure that the construction quality of anchor pole, can more preferably play bolt action, more preferable deformation controlling for rock surrounding gateways；
Compared with common artificial air drill sets anchor pole, soft rock large deformation railway tunnel difference excavation method condition lower bolt is fast
Fast construction method can be reduced construction personnel's number and workload using rock bolting jumbo, accelerate construction progress, and improve anchor bolt construction effect
Rate accelerates anchor bolt construction speed.Using this method, beat anchor pole applies 2.4 linear meter(lin.m.) 18 every time afterwards, originally 3 typhoon of artificial 7 people
It bores the used time about 4 hours；Use rock bolting jumbo, if 3 people's used time about 2 hours, operating personnel reduce 4 people, the time shorten half；
This method is combined using long Short bolt, and rock bolting jumbo rapid construction anchor pole effectively controls deformation, is avoided deformation and is changed arch production
Raw significant cost and duration is delayed, and construction speed is accelerated, and brings good indirect economic effect；The long anchor pole of this method is adopted
It is applied with mechanization, improves construction efficiency, increase economic benefit, this method has ensured construction personnel's peace of large deformation tunnel construction sections
Entirely, the construction speed for accelerating large deformation tunnel construction sections achieves good social reputation and social benefit.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " length ", " width ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside", is merely for convenience of
The description present invention and simplified description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with spy
Fixed orientation construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, in the description of the present invention, " multiple "
It is meant that two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method, including
Following steps:
S1: tunnel top bar is excavated；
S2: enclosing lithologies, intensity, stress, buried depth, thickness and occurrence design feature information are obtained, knowledge serious deformation is sentenced
Grade；
S3: according to serious deformation grade, anchor pole pattern, and first pneumatically placed concrete are chosen；
S4: preparation of construction is carried out, and hole location setting-out is installed in Short bolt；
S5: installation Short bolt simultaneously carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity；
S6: step and excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in tunnel；
S7: linked network stand, multiple shotcrete support construction are carried out；
S8: region is applied to long anchor pole and carries out Land leveling；
S9: preparation of construction is carried out, and in long rockbolt installation hole location setting-out；
S10: installing long anchor pole and carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity.
Large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method according to enclosing lithologies, intensity, stress, buried depth, thickness,
Occurrence design feature etc. judges the deformation type of country rock, chooses reasonable anchor pole pattern, according to the excavation stage space of benching tunnelling method
Long Short bolt is applied in due course, and using the long anchor pole of rock bolting jumbo rapid construction, the fast of anchor pole is realized using quick setting early strength injecting paste material
Speed anchoring stress, while the analysis of application monitoring and measurement data and wall rock loosening ring measurement data dynamic adjustment rock-bolt length.
" high ground stress soft rock stress serious deformation Construction Control " achievement proposes into blue railway soft rock tunnel large deformation
Soft rock tunnel large deformation is divided into slight, medium, serious and extremely serious four grades by stage division and grade scale, and respectively
Give the tunnel bolt design parameters under corresponding large deformation grade.
Sentence knowledge serious deformation grade and mainly passes through initial field stress, rock mass strength stress ratio, relative deformation etc. quantitatively
Index and groundwater condition, the qualitative indexes such as deformation, country rock situation carry out comprehensive discrimination after tunnel excavation, quantitatively sentence knowledge
Index is as shown in table 1.
1 soft rock large deformation hierarchical table of table
| Classification foundation | Without deformation | Slightly | It is medium | Seriously | It is extremely serious |
| Strength-stress ratio Nc | > 0.5 | 0.25~0.5 | 0.15~0.25 | 0.05~0.15 | ≤0.05 |
| Initial field stress (MPa) | <10 | 10~15 | 15~25 | ≥25 | |
| Relative deformation value/(%) | < 1 | 1~2.5 | 2.5~5 | 5~10 | > 10 |
The large deformation tunnel of collapse hole shrinkage cavity can will not be immediately occurred from surely for country rock in certain time after armature boring
Ordinary hollow anchor pole is selected in road；Collapse hole is occurred for hole wall after armature boring, or even collapse hole will occur in boring procedure,
It can not be sent into the large deformation tunnel of the body of rod after drilling rod extraction, then select self-drilling hollow anchor bars, rock-bolt length and size can join
It is reported according to research achievement.
Short bolt applies convenient and quick, controls for initial deformation, limitation superficial part incompact fractured surrounding rock rupture seam into one
Step expansion, reduces its bulking deformation, and can reduce long anchor pole in the shear stress of superficial part country rock, applies opportunity for the creation of long anchor pole.
On the one hand long anchor pole controls the deformation of deep wall rock, on the other hand long anchor pole anchors into elastic region, will reinforce combination arch structure suspention
In deep rock mass stability, make superficial part country rock and deep wall rock collective effect, compatible deformation.It is taken in large-deformation tunnel in soft rock construction
Long Short bolt rationally designs combination, forms Multi anchorage effect, can effectively limit the development of tunnel surrounding plastic zone, constrain surrouding rock deformation
Rate guarantees safety for tunnel engineering.
Technical staff should be by the anchor pole position of design requirement and spacing, by the setting-out of anchor pole orifice position to just before anchor bolt construction
It on branch concrete, is identified with paint, and carries out detailed confide a technological secret to teams and groups, it is desirable that clear anchor pole hole location, anchor pole quantity, anchor pole are long
Degree, anchor pole angle etc..
Anchor plate position carries out fluting processing, depth of groove 10cm, convenient for exposed anchor pole head plane after anchor plate installation
Not higher than preliminary bracing plane, anchor pole head cutting process is avoided, promotes work efficiency.
Localized ground is applied to long anchor pole using digging machine to flatten, and is that rock bolting jumbo and multifunctional rock drilling trolley etc. are in place
Offer condition, trolley upgrade angle are required less than 30 degree, and ground transverse direction irregularity degree is less than 3 degree.Voluntarily speed is slower for trolley simultaneously,
Mechanical tissue is complicated, it is desirable that operator should carry out preparation of construction in advance, check mechanical equipment situation, guarantee that construction way is smooth
Linking.
Soft rock tunnel deflection is big, and early period, deformation velocity was fast, to provide supporting reaction to country rock in time, while guaranteeing to construct
Safety-just sprays using excavating and-applies Short bolt-linked network stand-spraying again-and apply the working procedure of long anchor bolt construction.Tunnel excavation
And arch sets up concrete spraying support construction and carries out by specification and design requirement.
Using Multifunctional bench, bolthole is drilled with using common air drill wet boring, according to the anchor pole orifice position of mark,
Vertical scar or vertical-dipping bed bed plane angle drilling, after hole depth reaches requirement, manually installed anchor rod body, installation stop grouting plug and
Exhaust pipe.Stop grouting plug requires to be in close contact with aperture country rock, and when having the gap, Ying Caiyong accelerator blocks gap.
For ordinary hollow anchor pole, drilling and the feeding body of rod are carried out in two steps, and when carrying out top bar anchor bolt construction, are applied
Work space limits and in order to guarantee bore angle, first short drill pipe drilling can be used, then long drill pipe is deepened to projected depth.It has drilled
At rear extraction drilling rod, it is sent into anchor rod body.
For automatic anchor pole, drilling is completed with one step of the body of rod is sent into.Self-drilling anchor club shaft merogenesis length should be according to applying
The combined factors such as work space, construction efficiency consider determination, generally 2~3m.
Using rock bolting jumbo, drifter with booms or note all-in-one machine is bored, rock bolting jumbo is walked and should be responsible in place by special messenger,
Multi-arm trolley should be generally located in the middle part of tunnel, to facilitate multi-arm while construction of constructing, improve construction efficiency.According to setting-out
Anchor pole hole location, angle rapid drilling as required after hole depth reaches requirement, install anchor rod body, install stop grouting plug and exhaust pipe.
Cement grout and quick setting early strength grout material are stirred using mortar mixer, by coordination in works by design feeding sequence
Cementitious material and water are put into blender, sufficiently mixed.Injection slurry is pressed into bolthole with grouting pump, until stream in gas vent
Underflow can stop, and by bolt grouting mouth and port closing.Large deformation tunnel anchor pole injecting paste material should be preferentially using fast solidifying early
Injection slurry.
Injecting paste material should be selected according to design requirement, and be determined by field test, and water-cement ratio 0.38~0.5 is preferably selected
A certain amount of additive or extra material can be added in the cement mortar of neat slurry or cement-sand ratio 1:0.4~1:1 when necessary.When into
When row no pressure slip casting, slip casting can be stopped when exhaust pipe returns slurry.For large-deformation tunnel in soft rock hollow bolt, anchoring is considered
Integration, Ying Jinhang have pressure grouting, and grouting pressure is determined according to test, generally desirable 0.3~0.5MPa.Cement (sand) starches slip casting
The presetting period of material: 1h10min, final setting time: 3h40min.The match ratio of quick setting early strength grout material are as follows: water: quick setting early strength
Grout material=0.3~0.5:1, final setting time: 5min51s~15min37s can go up anchor plate in 15~30 minutes.Different glues
The quick setting early strength grout material test result of ratio see the table below 2:
2 quick setting early strength grout material final setting time of table and intensity table
Backing plate should have more smooth basal plane when installing, and backing plate should be closely connected with gunite concrete face.When backing plate and nut are installed
Slurry intensity should reach 5MPa, should not too early or too late, and the set-up time should determine according to test, using torque spanner to anchor
The anchor force of bar is detected.
Distance according to measuring point away from face and rate of deformation, which determine, measures frequency, using coming card TPS1201+ total station,
It is monitored using contact-free measurement method, analyzes the deformation of country rock in time, prop up to anchor pole and just the effect controlled large deformation
It is assessed, dynamic adjusts the parameters such as anchor pole pattern, length and diameter.
According to the rule of country rock large deformation occurrence and development, different supporting measures is taken in classification, " is divided using " long Short bolt "
It is secondary to apply " method surrouding rock deformation is controlled, achieve good construction effect, ensure that tunnel soft rock large deformation section
Construction safety, construction quality and construction speed, while producing preferable economic benefit, social benefit.It is constructed according to benching tunnelling method
Different process steric requirements ensure that suspension roof support effect can play in time, effectively controlled using long anchor pole after first Short bolt
The occurrence and development of large deformation.Long anchor pole is applied using rock bolting jumbo, and 360 degree of full angle drillings select anchor pole according to characteristics of surrounding rock
Pattern ensure that the construction quality of anchor pole using quick setting early strength New Grouting Material, can more preferably play bolt action, more preferable to control
Surrouding rock deformation.Anchor plate position carries out fluting processing, and depth of groove 10cm is not high convenient for exposed anchor pole head after anchor plate installation
In preliminary bracing plane, anchor pole head cutting process is avoided, promotes work efficiency.
The above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: tunnel top bar is excavated；
S2: obtaining enclosing lithologies, intensity, stress, buried depth, thickness and occurrence design feature information, sentences and knows serious deformation grade；
S3: according to serious deformation grade, anchor pole pattern, and first pneumatically placed concrete are chosen；
S4: preparation of construction is carried out, and hole location setting-out is installed in Short bolt；
S5: installation Short bolt simultaneously carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity；
S6: step and excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in tunnel；
S7: linked network stand, multiple shotcrete support construction are carried out；
S8: region is applied to long anchor pole and carries out Land leveling；
S9: preparation of construction is carried out, and in long rockbolt installation hole location setting-out；
S10: installing long anchor pole and carries out slip casting, and slurries install anchor plate after reaching intensity.
2. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anchor plate position carries out fluting processing, recessed
Groove depth 10cm.
3. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 8, after Land leveling, ground is lateral not
Flatness is less than 3 degree, and ground longitudinal direction irregularity degree is less than 30 degree.
4. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 5, install Short bolt the step of include:
Using Multifunctional bench, bolthole is drilled with using common air drill wet boring, according to the anchor pole orifice position of mark, vertical scar
Or vertical-dipping bed bed plane angle drilling, after hole depth reaches requirement, manually installed anchor rod body installs stop grouting plug and exhaust pipe.
5. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step slo, the step of installing long anchor pole packet
It includes: using rock bolting jumbo, drifter with booms or boring note all-in-one machine, according to the anchor pole hole location of setting-out, angle as required is quick
Drilling after hole depth reaches requirement, installs anchor rod body, installs stop grouting plug and exhaust pipe.
6. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for the bolt grouting includes: to use grouting pump
Injection slurry is pressed into bolthole, until flowing out underflow in gas vent, and by bolt grouting mouth and port closing.
7. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further comprising the steps of: the Real-Time Measuring tunnel
Deformation, dynamic adjust bolt design parameters.
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| CN201910317284.XA CN110005456A (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2019-04-19 | A kind of large-deformation tunnel in soft rock benching tunnelling method anchor pole rapid constructing method |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112523788A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-19 | 长安大学 | Method for improving stability of primary support structure in soft rock tunnel construction |
| CN113360998A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 四川绵九高速公路有限责任公司 | Large deformation trend dynamic judgment and construction decision method for large deformation tunnel |
| CN117171841B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2024-04-05 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Method for determining large deformation grade of surrounding rock of excavation section in railway tunnel during construction period |
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| CN113360998A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 四川绵九高速公路有限责任公司 | Large deformation trend dynamic judgment and construction decision method for large deformation tunnel |
| CN117171841B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2024-04-05 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Method for determining large deformation grade of surrounding rock of excavation section in railway tunnel during construction period |
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