CN110771728A - Plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110771728A CN110771728A CN201911057851.9A CN201911057851A CN110771728A CN 110771728 A CN110771728 A CN 110771728A CN 201911057851 A CN201911057851 A CN 201911057851A CN 110771728 A CN110771728 A CN 110771728A
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- essential oil
- livestock
- plant essential
- feed additive
- immunity
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- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 84
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
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- 235000004335 Baeckea frutescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
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- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant essential oil feed additive for improving livestock immunity and a preparation method thereof. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock can obviously improve the autoimmunity of the livestock, reduce the morbidity of the livestock, obviously reduce the morbidity of the livestock and is beneficial to improving the quality of livestock products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A large number of chemically synthesized feed additives such as antibiotics, somatotropin and the like are commonly used in feed since the last 80 years, and a series of problems that pathogenic microorganisms generate drug resistance, the immunity of animals is reduced, drug residues harm human health and the like are caused. Along with the popularization of related knowledge, people continuously strengthen the awareness of food safety and pay more and more attention to the quality and sanitary safety problems of animal products. The feed antibiotics and part of chemical drug additives are inevitably eliminated along with the development of society. The development of a novel high-efficiency, safe and green feed additive without drug residue and public nuisance is a necessary result of social development.
With the continuous and deep research of researchers on novel antibiotic substitutes in livestock and poultry production, the plant essential oil is found to have the characteristics of antibiosis, antivirus, no residue, multifunctionality, stress resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, so that the plant essential oil can be used as a substitute of the antibiotic when being applied to the livestock and poultry feed production, accords with the development direction of healthy breeding of livestock and poultry, can effectively substitute the antibiotic, promotes the growth of animals, improves the feed conversion efficiency, reduces the disease occurrence rate, and is a safe, efficient and green feed additive.
However, the plant essential oil has the characteristics of instability and volatility, so that the problems of easy loss, difficult stomach transition and the like exist in the process of passing through the digestive tract of animals in the feed processing process, and in addition, the popularization of the plant essential oil feed is restricted by the problems of different effects of the plant essential oil, high cost of the plant essential oil and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock and poultry and a preparation method thereof. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock can improve the autoimmunity of the livestock, prevent the disease of the livestock and obviously reduce the disease rate of the livestock.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bone meal, 1-3 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of shrimp shell powder, 0.3-0.5 part of lysine, 0.3-0.5 part of methionine, 0.5-0.8 part of salt, 1-2 parts of compound vitamin, 1-2 parts of yeast powder, 0.5-0.8 part of compound mineral, 0.5-0.8 part of vegetable essential oil, 0.5-0.8 part of emulsifier, 0.5-0.8 part of carrier and 0.3-0.5 part of coating;
the plant essential oil is a mixture of baeckea essential oil, cajeput essential oil and aniseed essential oil;
the emulsifier is a mixture of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin;
the carrier is a mixture of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder;
the coating is a mixture of soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil in the plant essential oil is 1-3:1: 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the lauric acid, the gelatin, the sorbitol ester and the baeckea resin in the emulsifier is 1:3:1: 2-4.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the β -cyclodextrin to the cinnamon processing residue powder to the camphor processing residue powder in the carrier is 1:1-3: 1-3.
Preferably, the coating material comprises soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1-3.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.4 part of lysine, 0.4 part of methionine, 0.7 part of salt, 1.5 parts of vitamin complex, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 0.6 part of compound mineral, 0.7 part of plant essential oil, 0.6 part of emulsifier, 0.7 part of carrier and 0.4 part of coating;
the mass ratio of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil in the plant essential oil is 2:1: 1;
the mass ratio of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin in the emulsifier is 1:3:1: 3;
β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder in the carrier are in a mass ratio of 1:2: 2;
the coating comprises soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glyceryl monostearate in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2.
The preparation method of the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly mixing plant essential oil and an emulsifier, adding a carrier to obtain a mixture, and then putting the mixture into a bottom-spraying fluidized bed coating machine;
(2) heating and melting the coating, putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a bottom-jet fluidized bed coating machine for coating and granulating to obtain coated particles, and then sieving and drying the coated particles to obtain the coated compound plant essential oil;
(3) adding the rest raw materials into a mixer according to the weight ratio, then adding the coated compound plant essential oil obtained in the step (2), mixing, and granulating to obtain the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock.
Preferably, the temperature for heating and melting the coating is 50-60 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the coated granulation is 45-47 ℃.
Preferably, the coated particles are sieved by a sieve of 50-60 meshes, and then are dried at 50-55 ℃ for 2-3h and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the coated compound plant essential oil.
The raw materials used in the invention, such as bone meal, fish meal, shrimp shell powder, lysine, methionine, salt, compound vitamin, yeast powder, compound mineral substances, roughhaired holly root essential oil, cajeput essential oil, anise essential oil, lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester, roughhaired holly root resin, β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder, camphor processing residue powder, soybean lecithin, peanut oil, glycerin monostearate and the like, can be purchased in the market and do not need to be specially prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the plant essential oil used in the invention is the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil, the baeckea essential oil and the cajeput essential oil have good antibacterial and insecticidal effects, and a small amount of the baeckea essential oil and the cajeput essential oil are added into the livestock and poultry feed, so that the immunity of the livestock and poultry can be improved, the feed has a good prevention effect on various livestock and poultry epidemic diseases such as swine erysipelas, swine hyperpyrexia, livestock and poultry rancidity and the like, the morbidity of the livestock and poultry is reduced to be within. The star anise essential oil has a good food calling effect, so that the ingestion speed and the food intake of the livestock are increased, and the growth speed is high. The plant essential oil has good mutual synergistic effect, can improve the autoimmunity of the livestock, obviously reduce the morbidity of the livestock and can properly accelerate the growth of the livestock.
2. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the poultry and livestock has the advantages that the quality guarantee period is as long as 120 plus 150 days, and the small amount of the cinnamon processing residue powder and the cinnamomum camphora processing residue powder is added, so that the plant essential oil feed additive is safe and harmless, waste resources are fully utilized, and the cost of the feed additive is reduced.
3. The emulsifier used in the invention is a mixture of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin, the emulsifier has a good emulsifying effect with the plant essential oil baeckea essential oil, cajeput essential oil and aniseed essential oil, and the coating is a mixture of soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate, so that the volatilization of the plant essential oil can be effectively delayed.
4. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock does not add antibiotics, reduces the introduction of residues which are harmful to human bodies, is safe and harmless, and is added into the livestock feed, so that the growth speed of the livestock is slower than that of the livestock fed by adding the antibiotics, the slaughtering period of the livestock can be properly delayed, the improvement of the quality of livestock products is facilitated, and people can really eat green, ecological, environment-friendly and safe reassurance meat.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.4 part of lysine, 0.4 part of methionine, 0.7 part of salt, 1.5 parts of vitamin complex, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 0.6 part of compound mineral, 0.7 part of plant essential oil, 0.6 part of emulsifier, 0.7 part of carrier and 0.4 part of coating;
the plant essential oil is a mixture of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil, and the mass ratio of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil is 2:1: 1;
the emulsifier is a mixture of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin, and the mass ratio of the lauric acid to the gelatin to the sorbitol ester to the baeckea resin is 1:3:1: 3;
the carrier is a mixture of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder, and the mass ratio of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder is 1:2: 2;
the coating material is a mixture of soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate, and the mass ratio of the soybean phospholipid to the peanut oil to the glycerin monostearate is 1:1: 2.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly mixing plant essential oil and an emulsifier, then adding a carrier to obtain a mixture, and then putting the mixture into a bottom-spraying fluidized bed coating machine.
(2) Heating and melting the coating at 55 ℃, putting the coating into a bottom-jet fluidized bed coating machine to perform coating granulation on the mixture in the step (1), controlling the temperature of the coating granulation to be 46 ℃ to obtain coated particles, then sieving the coated particles with a 55-mesh sieve, drying at 53 ℃ for 2.5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the coated compound plant essential oil.
(3) Adding the rest raw materials into a mixer according to the weight ratio, then adding the coated compound plant essential oil obtained in the step (2), mixing, and granulating to obtain the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock.
Example 2
A plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of fish meal, 1 part of shrimp shell powder, 0.5 part of lysine, 0.3 part of methionine, 0.5 part of salt, 2 parts of compound vitamin, 1 part of yeast powder, 0.5 part of compound mineral, 0.8 part of plant essential oil, 0.5 part of emulsifier, 0.8 part of carrier and 0.3 part of coating;
the plant essential oil is a mixture of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil, and the mass ratio of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil is 3:1: 1;
the emulsifier is a mixture of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin, and the mass ratio of the lauric acid to the gelatin to the sorbitol ester to the baeckea resin is 1:3:1: 4;
the carrier is a mixture of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder, and the mass ratio of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder is 1:3: 3;
the coating material is a mixture of soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate, and the mass ratio of the soybean phospholipid to the peanut oil to the glycerin monostearate is 1:1: 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly mixing plant essential oil and an emulsifier, then adding a carrier to obtain a mixture, and then putting the mixture into a bottom-spraying fluidized bed coating machine.
(2) Heating and melting the coating at 50 ℃, putting the mixture in the step (1) into a bottom-jet fluidized bed coating machine for coating and granulating, controlling the temperature of the coating and granulating to be 45 ℃ to obtain coated particles, then sieving the coated particles with a 50-mesh sieve, drying at 50 ℃ for 3h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the coated composite plant essential oil.
(3) Adding the rest raw materials into a mixer according to the weight ratio, then adding the coated compound plant essential oil obtained in the step (2), mixing, and granulating to obtain the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock.
Example 3
A plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 5 parts of bone meal, 1 part of fish meal, 3 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.3 part of lysine, 0.5 part of methionine, 0.8 part of salt, 1 part of vitamin complex, 2 parts of yeast powder, 0.8 part of compound mineral, 0.5 part of plant essential oil, 0.8 part of emulsifier, 0.5 part of carrier and 0.5 part of coating;
the plant essential oil is a mixture of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil, and the mass ratio of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil is 1:1: 1;
the emulsifier is a mixture of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin, and the mass ratio of the lauric acid to the gelatin to the sorbitol ester to the baeckea resin is 1:3:1: 2;
the carrier is a mixture of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder, and the mass ratio of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder is 1:1: 1;
the coating material is a mixture of soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate, and the mass ratio of the soybean phospholipid to the peanut oil to the glycerin monostearate is 1:1: 3.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly mixing plant essential oil and an emulsifier, then adding a carrier to obtain a mixture, and then putting the mixture into a bottom-spraying fluidized bed coating machine.
(2) Heating and melting the coating at 60 ℃, putting the coating into a bottom-jet fluidized bed coating machine to perform coating granulation on the mixture in the step (1), controlling the temperature of the coating granulation to be 47 ℃ to obtain coated particles, then sieving the coated particles with a 60-mesh sieve, drying the coated particles at 55 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the particles to room temperature to obtain the coated composite plant essential oil.
(3) Adding the rest raw materials into a mixer according to the weight ratio, then adding the coated compound plant essential oil obtained in the step (2), mixing, and granulating to obtain the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock.
Application example 1
Healthy and disease-free high-ranked imperial concubine chickens hatched in the same batch are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, 60 chickens are fed by basic ration such as concentrated feed (corn and bean pulp), crude fiber (rice bran and straw), green feed and the like, a proper amount of antibiotics for livestock and an equal amount of plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock are added respectively, the management and immunization method during feeding is carried out according to the technical regulation of chicken feeding management, the experiment is carried out from 3 weeks old to 15 weeks old of chicks, and the infection rate and the average weekly weight gain of the chicks in a feeding period of 12 weeks are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Chicken incidence of disease and average weekly weight gain during the feeding period
As can be seen from table 1, chicks fed with antibiotics generally develop a disease state in the fourth week, the incidence rate is more than 13%, and the symptoms are mainly expressed as: anorexia, cold accumulation, eye closure, drooping, white loose feces, and adhesion to anus, and the chicks die if they are not treated in time. The chick fed by the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock and poultry is delayed for 2-3 weeks, the morbidity is reduced to be within 5 percent, and the morbidity is obviously reduced.
In addition, as can be seen from table 1, the growth rate of the chicks fed with the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock is slower than that of the chicks fed with antibiotics, but the difference is not great, which indicates that the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock has a good growth promoting effect.
Application example 2
An equal amount of commercially available livestock antibiotics and the plant essential oil feed additive for improving livestock immunity are respectively added into the pig basic ration to feed healthy pigs of the same breed in a certain pig farm, the weight of the pigs is 25 +/-2 kg, the pigs are randomly divided into 4 groups according to the principle that the weights of the pigs are similar and the pigs are divided into half of a circle, each group is repeated for 3 times, 6 times are repeated each time, and the test time is 30 days.
(1) The weight was weighed every morning on an empty stomach on the first day 1 and the 30 th morning, respectively, and the average daily gain (kg) of the pigs fed with each group of the feed was counted as an index of growth rate, as detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 average weight gain and average daily weight gain of pigs
As can be seen from table 2, the average daily gain of the plant essential oil feed additives for improving immunity of livestock and poultry added in examples 1 to 3 is slightly lower than the average daily gain of the plant essential oil feed additives for improving immunity of livestock and poultry added with antibiotics, which indicates that the growth rate of pigs fed with the plant essential oil feed additives for improving immunity of livestock and poultry added with the plant essential oil feed additives is slower than that of pigs fed with antibiotics, but the difference is not large, which indicates that the plant essential oil feed additives for improving immunity of livestock and poultry added with the plant essential oil feed additives is good in growth.
(2) Morbidity and mortality, number of growing pigs throughout the trial period were recorded and are detailed in table 3.
TABLE 3 morbidity and mortality in pigs
As can be seen from Table 3, the pigs fed with the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock and poultry have no morbidity and mortality, and have strong immunity.
The above tests show that: the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock is added into the livestock feed for feeding, the growth speed of the livestock is slower than that of the livestock fed by adding antibiotics, but the difference is small, so that the slaughtering period of the livestock can be properly delayed, and the quality of livestock products is favorably improved. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock can improve the self immunity of the livestock, and the fed livestock has good mental state, greedy eating, wildness, strong muscle, bright hair and strong disease resistance, and has better prevention effect on various livestock epidemic diseases such as swine erysipelas, swine hyperpyrexia, cholera fowl and the like.
The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock does not contain antibiotics, reduces the introduction of residues which are harmful to human bodies, is safe and harmless, is beneficial to improving the quality of livestock products, and ensures that people really eat green, ecological, environment-friendly and safe relieved meat.
Claims (10)
1. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bone meal, 1-3 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of shrimp shell powder, 0.3-0.5 part of lysine, 0.3-0.5 part of methionine, 0.5-0.8 part of salt, 1-2 parts of compound vitamin, 1-2 parts of yeast powder, 0.5-0.8 part of compound mineral, 0.5-0.8 part of vegetable essential oil, 0.5-0.8 part of emulsifier, 0.5-0.8 part of carrier and 0.3-0.5 part of coating;
the plant essential oil is a mixture of baeckea essential oil, cajeput essential oil and aniseed essential oil;
the emulsifier is a mixture of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin;
the carrier is a mixture of β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder;
the coating is a mixture of soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glycerin monostearate.
2. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the baeckea frutescens essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil in the plant essential oil is 1-3:1: 1.
3. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin in the emulsifier is 1:3:1: 2-4.
4. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and cinnamomum camphora processing residue powder in the carrier are in a mass ratio of 1:1-3: 1-3.
5. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of soybean phospholipids, peanut oil and glyceryl monostearate in the coating is 1:1: 1-3.
6. The plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.4 part of lysine, 0.4 part of methionine, 0.7 part of salt, 1.5 parts of vitamin complex, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 0.6 part of compound mineral, 0.7 part of plant essential oil, 0.6 part of emulsifier, 0.7 part of carrier and 0.4 part of coating;
the mass ratio of the baeckea essential oil, the cajeput essential oil and the aniseed essential oil in the plant essential oil is 2:1: 1;
the mass ratio of lauric acid, gelatin, sorbitol ester and baeckea resin in the emulsifier is 1:3:1: 3;
β -cyclodextrin, cinnamon processing residue powder and camphor processing residue powder in the carrier are in a mass ratio of 1:2: 2;
the coating comprises soybean phospholipid, peanut oil and glyceryl monostearate in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2.
7. A method for preparing the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of livestock and poultry according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly mixing plant essential oil and an emulsifier, adding a carrier to obtain a mixture, and then putting the mixture into a bottom-spraying fluidized bed coating machine;
(2) heating and melting the coating, putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a bottom-jet fluidized bed coating machine for coating and granulating to obtain coated particles, and then sieving and drying the coated particles to obtain the coated compound plant essential oil;
(3) adding the rest raw materials into a mixer according to the weight ratio, then adding the coated compound plant essential oil obtained in the step (2), mixing, and granulating to obtain the plant essential oil feed additive for improving the immunity of the livestock.
8. The method for preparing a plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 7, wherein the temperature for heating and melting the coating is 50-60 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the coating granulation is 45-47 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a plant essential oil feed additive for improving immunity of livestock and poultry according to claim 7, wherein the coated particles are sieved by a 50-60 mesh sieve, and then are dried at 50-55 ℃ for 2-3h and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the coated compound plant essential oil.
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