CN110757911B - 一种阻燃透气面料 - Google Patents

一种阻燃透气面料 Download PDF

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CN110757911B
CN110757911B CN201911033144.6A CN201911033144A CN110757911B CN 110757911 B CN110757911 B CN 110757911B CN 201911033144 A CN201911033144 A CN 201911033144A CN 110757911 B CN110757911 B CN 110757911B
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flame
retardant
breathable
retardant breathable
silk
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CN110757911A (zh
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王云根
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Changshu Yunyu Weaving Co ltd
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    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
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    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
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    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃透气面料，采用公支数范围为40‑60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，以及采用公支数范围为15‑20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，将芳纶阻燃透气经纱和蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺制成阻燃透气面料，其中，芳纶阻燃透气经纱采用70‑95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5‑30％的棉纤维混纺得到芳纶阻燃透气纱线，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱采用70‑95％的蚕丝纤维和5‑30％的棉纤维混纺得到蚕丝阻燃透气纱线；本发明通过对面料原料进行特别改进，使其得到的面料结构同时具有优异的阻燃和透气效果。

Description

一种阻燃透气面料
技术领域
本发明属于针织面料技术领域，具体涉及一种阻燃透气面料。
背景技术
气体分子穿透面料的性能称作织物的透气性，这是反映材质本身最基本的性能。本领域技术人员通常将透气性转化为透气率来表示，透气率的定义为：在一定压力条件下，单位时间内通过织物单位面积的空气量。而从通俗意义上来讲，透气性影响面料的舒适性，具体包含隔热、保暖、透通、凉快。
而对于应用在特定领域面料还经常要求其应具有良好的阻燃性，然而面料阻燃性以及透气性通常是两个互相制约的性能，通常表现在：透气性的替升会对阻燃性能造成负面影响，同样地，阻燃性能的提升又会制约透气性能，如果两者都满足，又难以满足面料的基本织造要求，因此，开发得到同时具有优异阻燃以及透气效果的面料是本领域的技术难点。
申请人经过检索，发现目前有较多关于阻燃透气面料的技术方案，如授权公告号为CN209365545U的实用新型专利提出了一种透气阻燃运动型针织面料，包括基础层、外阻燃层、透气结构、内阻燃层和固定结构，外阻燃层位于该面料的最外层，内阻燃层位于该面料的最内层，透气结构包括外透气层、内透气层、外透气孔、中透气孔和内透气孔，外透气层位于外阻燃层的下表面，内透气层位于内阻燃层的上表面，外透气孔开设在外阻燃层上，中透气孔开设在基础层上，内透气孔开设在内阻燃层上，固定结构包括横向固定线、纵向固定线和接头，横向固定线固定连接基础层、外阻燃层、内透气层、外透气层以及内阻燃层，纵向固定线固定连接基础层、外阻燃层、内透气层、外透气层以及内阻燃层，接头固定连接横向固定线以及纵向固定线。如授权公告号为CN108749224B的发明专利公开了一种高阻燃透气面料及其制备方法，该面料包括里料层、中料层和外料层，所述的外料层和里料层分别连接在中料层的上下两面，中料层和外料层之间还设有胶膜层；所述的里料层为透气面料，中料层为隔热阻燃面料，胶膜层为粘接剂，外料层为阻燃面料；所述的隔热阻燃面料是将2-5根改性玻璃纤维在成股机中捻成股，之后经平织得到。这些技术基本都是采用复合功能层的结构，其所采用的阻燃面料本身的透气性仍然较差，其所采用的透气层仍然阻燃性较差，并没有真正实现单一阻燃透气面料层的技术突破。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种阻燃透气面料，通过对面料原料进行特别改进，使其得到的面料结构同时具有优异的阻燃和透气效果。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种阻燃透气面料，采用公支数范围为40-60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，以及采用公支数范围为15-20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，将所述芳纶阻燃透气经纱和所述蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺制成所述阻燃透气面料，其中，所述芳纶阻燃透气经纱采用70-95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到芳纶阻燃透气纱线，所述蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱采用70-95％的蚕丝纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到蚕丝阻燃透气纱线。
优选地，所述芳纶阻燃透气纱线还包括3-5％的玻璃纤维，所述芳纶阻燃透气纱线还包括1-3％的玻璃纤维。
优选地，将所述玻璃纤维和所述棉纤维预先通过纳米共挤出拉丝成型得到玻璃改性的加强棉纤维，其操作过程包括：预先将所述玻璃纤维、所述棉纤维、纳米二氧化钛以及聚丙烯蜡粉共混得到共混物料，然后将所述共混物料添加到螺杆挤出机中的混料斗内，在对玻璃纤维的熔融挤出作用力下，使得玻璃纤维熔融体以及纳米二氧化钛均匀包覆在所述棉纤维外周，将所述挤出熔融体输入至纺丝箱体拉丝得到所述玻璃改性的加强棉纤维。
优选地，所述纳米二氧化钛占所述共混物料的重量份比例为3-10％，所述聚丙烯蜡粉占所述共混物料的重量份比例为0.5-2％。
优选地，所述螺杆挤出机包括三段加热区，第一加热区的加热温度范围为110-130℃，第二加热区的加热温度为160-190℃，第三加热区的加热温度为220-240℃。
优选地，所述拉丝速度为3-5米/分钟，且在完成拉丝后通过纺丝机构挤出玻璃改性的加强棉纤维，再将所述玻璃改性的加强棉纤维在30-35℃温度下进行冷却定型。
优选地，将所述阻燃透气面料作为中间芯层，在所述中间芯层的外表面粘胶PET防水膜，且在所述中间芯层的内表面缝制蚕丝透气面料。
优选地，将所述阻燃透气面料作为中间芯层，在所述中间芯层的外表面缝制阻燃面料，且在所述中间芯层的内表面缝制蚕丝透气面料。
本发明极具创造性地提出采用70-95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺制得芳纶阻燃透气纱线，且将公支数范围为40-60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，进一步提出采用70-95％的蚕丝纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺制得蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，且将公支数范围为15-20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，经过检验正式，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱和蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺最终得到面料同时具有优异的阻燃和透气效果，同时经纱和纬纱通过棉纤维实现良好的相容，避免发生大范围内脱线的问题，更为重要的是，致密性优异的芳纶阻燃透气纱线不仅具有良好的阻燃性以及透气性，同时将其与疏松的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线交叉织造后，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱可以保持对面料的透气性，而且芳纶阻燃透气纱线可以实现对优异的致密格区域内的阻燃效果；
本发明还进一步优选地提出在经纱和纬纱内添加玻璃纤维，同时实现了玻璃纤维与棉纤维的良好复合，提高纱线的强度，进而改善面料的可织造性，本发明具体提出了将玻璃纤维和棉纤维进行共混熔融挤出、拉丝、冷却定型的工艺，在确保本发明面料的优异阻燃和透气效果前提下，可进一步提高本发明的织造便利性。
附图说明
附图1是本发明实施例1阻燃透气面料10的结构示意图；
附图2是本发明实施例2阻燃透气面料20的结构示意图；
附图3是本发明实施例3阻燃透气面料作为中间芯层的结构示意图；
附图4是本发明实施例4阻燃透气面料作为中间芯层的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种阻燃透气面料，采用公支数范围为40-60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，以及采用公支数范围为15-20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，将芳纶阻燃透气经纱和蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺制成阻燃透气面料，其中，芳纶阻燃透气经纱采用70-95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到芳纶阻燃透气纱线，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱采用70-95％的蚕丝纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到蚕丝阻燃透气纱线。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：请参见图1所示，一种阻燃透气面料10，采用公支数范围为40-60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，以及采用公支数范围为15-20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，将芳纶阻燃透气经纱和蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺制成阻燃透气面料10，其中，芳纶阻燃透气经纱采用70-95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到芳纶阻燃透气纱线，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱采用70-95％的蚕丝纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到蚕丝阻燃透气纱线。具体在实施时，可以根据实际需要来在本实施例的参数范围内选择实际的芳纶阻燃纤维比例、蚕丝纤维比例以及棉纤维比例，均可以获得相类似的阻燃以及透气技术效果。
需要说明的是，本申请所有实施例涉及的织造工艺均是采用公知的针织工艺，本实施例对其没有特别限定之处，这些也不属于本发明的特定创新技术特征。
本实施例极具创造性地提出采用70-95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺制得芳纶阻燃透气纱线，且将公支数范围为40-60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，进一步提出采用70-95％的蚕丝纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺制得蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，且将公支数范围为15-20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，经过检验正式，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱和蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺最终得到面料同时具有优异的阻燃和透气效果，同时经纱和纬纱通过棉纤维实现良好的相容，避免发生大范围内脱线的问题，更为重要的是，致密性优异的芳纶阻燃透气纱线不仅具有良好的阻燃性以及透气性，同时将其与疏松的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线交叉织造后，蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱可以保持对面料的透气性，而且芳纶阻燃透气纱线可以实现对优异的致密格区域内的阻燃效果；
实施例2：本实施例2的技术方案同实施例1，区别在于，请参见图2所示，本实施例2提出了一种阻燃透气面料20，芳纶阻燃透气纱线还包括3-5％的玻璃纤维，芳纶阻燃透气纱线还包括1-3％的玻璃纤维；优选地，在实施时，将玻璃纤维和棉纤维预先通过纳米共挤出拉丝成型得到玻璃改性的加强棉纤维，其操作过程包括：预先将玻璃纤维、棉纤维、纳米二氧化钛以及聚丙烯蜡粉共混得到共混物料，然后将共混物料添加到螺杆挤出机中的混料斗内，在对玻璃纤维的熔融挤出作用力下，使得玻璃纤维熔融体以及纳米二氧化钛均匀包覆在棉纤维外周，将挤出熔融体输入至纺丝箱体拉丝得到玻璃改性的加强棉纤维；优选地，纳米二氧化钛占共混物料的重量份比例为3-10％，聚丙烯蜡粉占共混物料的重量份比例为0.5-2％；螺杆挤出机包括三段加热区，第一加热区的加热温度范围为110-130℃，第二加热区的加热温度为160-190℃，第三加热区的加热温度为220-240℃；拉丝速度为3-5米/分钟，且在完成拉丝后通过纺丝机构挤出玻璃改性的加强棉纤维，再将玻璃改性的加强棉纤维在30-35℃温度下进行冷却定型，更具体的拉丝工艺可以直接参见现有技术或CN108749224B记载的相关技术方案，这些属于本领域技术的常规技术选择，因此，本实施例不再具体展开说明。
本实施例还进一步优选地提出在经纱和纬纱内添加玻璃纤维，同时实现了玻璃纤维与棉纤维的良好复合，提高纱线的强度，进而改善面料的可织造性，本实施例具体提出了将玻璃纤维和棉纤维进行共混熔融挤出、拉丝、冷却定型的工艺，在确保本实施例面料的优异阻燃和透气效果前提下，可进一步提高嗯实施例的织造便利性。
实施例3：本实施例3的技术方案同实施例1，区别在于，请参见图3所示，在本实施例3中，将阻燃透气面料10作为中间芯层，在中间芯层的外表面粘胶PET防水膜11，且在中间芯层的内表面缝制蚕丝透气面料12，便于实际应用，位于中间的阻燃透气面料10可以显著提升舒适感和安全感。
实施例4：本实施例4的技术方案同实施例2，区别在于，请参见图3所示，在本实施例4中，将阻燃透气面料20作为中间芯层，在中间芯层的外表面缝制阻燃面料21，且在中间芯层的内表面缝制蚕丝透气面料22，便于实际应用，位于中间的阻燃透气面料20可以显著提升舒适感和安全感。
本申请同样参照CN108749224B记载的测试方法进行了对比检测：
本实施例1-2制得的阻燃透气面料均可耐650℃高温，在650℃空气中加热2h，阻燃面料收缩率不超过8％，重量损失不大于2.5％；本实施例1-2制得的阻燃透气面料透气率均≥150mm/s(100pa，依据测试标准为GB/T5453)；本实施例1-2制得的阻燃透气面料透气率大于≥10000g/(㎡d)(依据测试标准为GB/T12704-1991)，本实施例1-2采用单层面料结构完全可以实现与CN108749224B类似的阻燃以及透气效果，成本低，面料工艺简单。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (6)

1.一种阻燃透气面料，其特征在于，采用公支数范围为40-60N的芳纶阻燃透气纱线作为芳纶阻燃透气经纱，以及采用公支数范围为15-20N的蚕丝阻燃透气纱线作为蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱，将所述芳纶阻燃透气经纱和所述蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱经过织造工艺制成所述阻燃透气面料，其中，所述芳纶阻燃透气经纱采用70-95％的芳纶阻燃纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到芳纶阻燃透气纱线，所述蚕丝阻燃透气纬纱采用70-95％的蚕丝纤维和5-30％的棉纤维混纺得到蚕丝阻燃透气纱线；所述芳纶阻燃透气纱线还包括3-5％的玻璃纤维，所述芳纶阻燃透气纱线还包括1-3％的玻璃纤维；将所述玻璃纤维和所述棉纤维预先通过纳米共挤出拉丝成型得到玻璃改性的加强棉纤维，其操作过程包括：预先将所述玻璃纤维、所述棉纤维、纳米二氧化钛以及聚丙烯蜡粉共混得到共混物料，然后将所述共混物料添加到螺杆挤出机中的混料斗内，在对玻璃纤维的熔融挤出作用力下，使得玻璃纤维熔融体以及纳米二氧化钛均匀包覆在所述棉纤维外周，将所述挤出熔融体输入至纺丝箱体拉丝得到所述玻璃改性的加强棉纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃透气面料，其特征在于，所述纳米二氧化钛占所述共混物料的重量份比例为3-10％，所述聚丙烯蜡粉占所述共混物料的重量份比例为0.5-2％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃透气面料，其特征在于，所述螺杆挤出机包括三段加热区，第一加热区的加热温度范围为110-130℃，第二加热区的加热温度为160-190℃，第三加热区的加热温度为220-240℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃透气面料，其特征在于，所述拉丝速度为3-5米/分钟，且在完成拉丝后通过纺丝机构挤出玻璃改性的加强棉纤维，再将所述玻璃改性的加强棉纤维在30-35℃温度下进行冷却定型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃透气面料，其特征在于，将所述阻燃透气面料作为中间芯层，在所述中间芯层的外表面粘胶PET防水膜，且在所述中间芯层的内表面缝制蚕丝透气面料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阻燃透气面料，其特征在于，将所述阻燃透气面料作为中间芯层，在所述中间芯层的外表面缝制阻燃面料，且在所述中间芯层的内表面缝制蚕丝透气面料。
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