CN110756805A - 3D printing device for selective laser metal solidification and using method thereof - Google Patents
3D printing device for selective laser metal solidification and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/22—Driving means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing device for solidifying metal in a selective laser area, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. Including 3D printing control device, thick liquids print shower nozzle, mount, spring clamp, laser curing device, print platform, DC power supply. Mixing metal powder and liquid photosensitive resin into slurry with proper solid phase volume, adopting a slurry printing nozzle manufactured by special design, and extruding the slurry from a nozzle with a certain diameter by a spiral extrusion device; meanwhile, in the process of extruding, dispersing and accumulating the slurry streamline, a fine laser beam is adopted to select regions and synchronously scan the slurry streamline plane, so that the slurry streamline plane is locally and rapidly solidified and formed and is circularly reciprocated, and the forming of a metal part with a certain shape can be realized. The invention can directly mold high-precision complex material parts, has high molding speed, low requirement on raw materials, wide adaptability and low cost, and has no special requirement on working environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and provides a 3D printing device for selective laser metal solidification.
Background
The 3D printing technology is a technology for producing a three-dimensional solid body directly from a digital model through material accumulation, and is considered to have great potential in the direct forming of metal parts with arbitrary complex shapes. At present, the mainstream 3D printing technology is to heat and melt metal powder pre-laid by laser beams, electron beams and other high energy beams, and build up layer by layer to manufacture three-dimensional parts, so that direct manufacturing of metal and alloy parts such as titanium and titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy and the like is realized. However, the printing powder must satisfy requirements such as high sphericity, good fluidity, high bulk density, fine particle size, and narrow particle size distribution. However, many materials cannot be made into spherical powder, product performance is easily affected by high-temperature and high-energy rapid melting-solidification printing process, and the like, and the application of 3D printing technology on the materials is limited.
Compared with the prior art, the 3D cold printing technology (3D gel printing,3DGP) is a technology that three-dimensional printing of complex parts is realized by using low-viscosity high-solid-content suspension slurry as a printing raw material, extruding, depositing and curing the slurry layer by layer without using high-energy beams, and then sintering to obtain the parts with complex shapes. The key characteristic of the technology is that the printing paste can be subjected to three-dimensional computer control forming at room temperature, high-energy equipment and special working environment are not needed, the cost is low, the forming capability is excellent, and the applicable material range is wide. According to the technology, on the premise of keeping the advantages of free forming capability, 100% material utilization rate, rapid forming and the like of a 3D printing technology, raw material powder is prepared into stably suspended slurry, the performance requirements on the raw material powder are reduced, and three-dimensional printing of most metal materials is expected to be realized. However, due to the influence of the affinity between the raw material powder and the solvent and the density thereof, the problems of metal powder sedimentation, agglomeration and the like can occur in the process of preparing the slurry, the problem of nozzle blockage can inevitably occur in the process of streamline extrusion of the slurry, and particularly, when an air pressure extruding device is adopted, air can enter the slurry to cause solid-liquid phase separation, so that the problem of nozzle blockage is more serious. Therefore, a method of securing printing accuracy by reducing the nozzle diameter is difficult to carry out. Meanwhile, in the process of later-stage slurry streamline deposition, under the action of surface tension, the conditions that the slurry streamline is slow in curing speed, so that the slurry streamline is scattered and spread out and the shaping capacity is difficult to maintain appear, so that the printing precision is reduced, and the ideal printing effect is difficult to realize.
The photo-curing (SLA) forming technique is the earliest 3D printing technique, which mainly uses a laser with a specific intensity to focus and irradiate the surface of a liquid photosensitive resin, so that the printing work on one layer is completed from point to line and from line to surface in a specific area of the surface, and the next layer is performed after one layer is completed, and the process is repeated in this way until the final product is completed. The workpiece formed by the method has good surface quality and high precision (about 0.1 mm). Although compared with the traditional forming modes such as SLM, the 3D cold printing has the advantages of simple operation, relative economy, environmental friendliness and the like, the current 3D cold printing device has the problem that the requirement for printing high-precision parts is limited. If the high-precision forming of the SLA technology and the 3D cold printing technology can be combined and applied, the low-cost printing and forming of high-precision complex metal parts can be expected to be realized.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art, and is directed to a 3D printing apparatus for selectively laser-curing metal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 3D printing device for solidifying metal in a selective laser area, which solves the problems of low forming precision, low printing efficiency and the like after metal slurry is printed and extruded. The 3D printing device designed by the invention is used for printing a metal suspension slurry streamline with certain viscosity, then the slurry streamline is solidified through synchronous laser selection area, and finally the high-precision complex metal parts are obtained through printing by utilizing the high-precision characteristic of the laser, so that the application range of the metal is further expanded.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a 3D printing device of laser election district solidified metal which characterized in that: the device comprises a 3D printing control device, a slurry printing nozzle, a fixing frame, a spring clamp, a laser curing device, a printing platform and a direct-current power supply; the paste printing nozzle is connected to the fixed frame and clamped by the spring clamp; the 3D printing control device controls the printing platform and the slurry printing nozzle to move through a computer control system, so that three-dimensional printing forming is realized, and then the deposition printing of printing slurry is realized through the extrusion device; meanwhile, the synchronous scanning selective solidification of the deposited metal flow line is realized by combining the high-precision laser beam, the high precision of the printed part is ensured, and the scanning path is consistent with the wire moving path of the slurry printing nozzle. The laser beam is low in intensity, and the melting and sintering of the printed part are realized without the laser beam.
Furthermore, the slurry printing nozzle consists of a direct current speed reducing motor, a feed inlet, a spiral extrusion device, a detachable needle head and a needle cylinder; the direct current speed reducing motor is a speed-adjustable gear speed reducing motor and is fixed on the upper part of the needle cylinder, the output shaft end extends into the needle cylinder, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected with a direct current power supply and are used for driving the screw extrusion device to operate, and the rotating speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the output current of the direct current power supply; the detachable needle head is connected with the lower end of the needle cylinder, has different apertures and can be used for extruding slurry streamlines with different diameters; the side wall of the upper end of the needle cylinder is provided with a feeding hole to realize continuous feeding.
Further, the paste printing spray head is used for loading photosensitive suspension paste consisting of metal powder and liquid photosensitive resin, the photosensitive resin can immediately generate polymerization reaction under the irradiation of ultraviolet light with a certain wavelength, and curing is completed, wherein the solid-phase volume content of the paste is 50-68%, and the viscosity of the paste is not higher than 5Pa · s.
Furthermore, the slurry streamline can be uniformly dispersed into a layer of plane after being extruded, and the layers can be tightly bonded with each other.
Furthermore, the laser curing device is characterized in that a laser generator generates ultraviolet light with specific wavelength and intensity, and the ultraviolet light is focused by a laser focusing lamp to form fine laser beams; under the control of a numerical control device, the slurry flow line plane extruded by the slurry printing nozzle is synchronously scanned and irradiated, so that the deposited slurry on the scanning path is rapidly solidified and formed.
Further, the wavelength range of the ultraviolet light generated by the laser focusing lamp is 250-405nm, and the irradiation power is 60-300mW/cm2The slurry flow line can complete curing within 0.1s after being irradiated.
Compared with the prior device, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts a mode of laser curing photosensitive slurry to cure the deposited slurry streamline, has high curing speed, controllability and high forming precision, is easy to reach within 0.1mm, and has the surface smoothness reaching the micron level. The solidification area is in the slurry streamline plane that disperses, has abandoned SLA technique to spread the shaping mode of thick liquids on whole work interface for thick liquids can make full use of, have promoted the raw materials utilization ratio.
2. Different from a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) printing technology, the laser intensity in the invention is far lower than that in the SLM, the printing slurry streamline is synchronously solidified through the laser, the high precision is ensured, and the melting and sintering of the printing part are realized without the high-intensity laser.
3. Different from SLA printing technology, the invention realizes synchronous selective solidification of the printed streamline by printing the metal slurry streamline and low-intensity laser, finally obtains a metal blank, and finally obtains a metal part with high precision and a complex shape through densification and sintering.
4. Different from the 3DGP technology, the high precision of the printed part is further ensured by selective laser curing on the basis of printing the slurry, the subsequent finish machining treatment is omitted, and the application field of the 3D printing technology is widened.
5. The printing device designed by the invention is suitable for preparing metal parts with high precision and complicated shapes, has wide applicability, reduces the requirements on raw materials, and can greatly reduce the production cost.
6. The invention adopts a mode of screw extrusion driven by a direct current speed reducing motor, has adjustable rotating speed and sensitive control, is stopped immediately after beating, is not influenced by air pressure conditions, and has wide application environment. Particularly, the design of screw extrusion ensures that the solid-liquid phase separation of the slurry can not occur in the extrusion process, the problem of needle head blockage is effectively solved, and the solid phase volume content of the slurry does not change greatly before and after extrusion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing device for selective laser metal solidification in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a paste printing nozzle according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 3D printing control device (1), slurry printing nozzle (2), fixing frame (3), spring clamp (4), laser curing device (5), printing platform (6), DC power supply (7), DC gear motor (8), feeding port (9), screw extrusion device (10), detachable needle (11) and needle cylinder (12)
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing control device (1) in a 3D printing device for selectively laser solidifying metal adopts the operation mode and the machine body components of a traditional consumable type 3D printer computer program for controlling the operation of a stepping motor, but is different from the traditional Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) mode, the device adopts a slurry extrusion type cold printing mode, combines a high-precision laser solidification mode in the SLA shaping technology, and carries out redesign innovation on partial structure and system, and the device comprises a slurry printing spray head (2) and a laser solidification device (5).
The basic working components of the slurry printing nozzle (2) are arranged on the fixing frame (3), and the control system and the driver of the fixing frame (3) are driven by the 3D printing control device (1) to drive the slurry printing nozzle (2) to move linearly in the directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis. In order to reduce the problem of unstable extrusion of the slurry streamline, the slurry printing nozzle (2) adopts a spiral extrusion mode to control the extrusion speed of the slurry streamline and can be stopped in time, so that the slurry streamline accumulation and model deformation caused by untimely extrusion of the slurry streamline in the printing process are avoided.
The laser curing device (5) needs to be synchronous with the slurry printing nozzle (2) so as to ensure that a fine laser beam generated by the device can be timely focused on a deposited slurry streamline plane, so that the photosensitive resin in the device is rapidly subjected to polymerization reaction to generate certain intensity, and the next layer of slurry is conveniently stacked.
The working principle is as follows:
(1) drawing a part model to be printed by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, storing the part model into an STL format, importing the part model into a slicing program to complete slicing, connecting a computer with a 3D printing control device (1), and controlling the printing device through the slicing program;
(2) adding metal powder into photosensitive solvent with proper proportion, and stirring uniformly to obtain uniform photosensitive slurry without aggregates. After the photosensitive paste is prepared, injecting the photosensitive paste into a needle cylinder (12) through a feeding hole (9);
(3) the output current is controlled by a direct current power supply (7), and the direct current speed reducing motor is connected to a direct current speed reducing motor (8) to control the rotating speed of the direct current speed reducing motor. The direct current gear motor (8) controls the rotating speed of the screw extrusion device (10), and further controls the extrusion speed of the slurry streamline. Adjust direct current gear motor (8) to suitable rotational speed, under the shearing force effect of screw extrusion device (9), photosensitive thick liquids are extruded into the thick liquids streamline of certain diameter through can dismantling syringe needle (11), and extrusion device's stirring effect has guaranteed simultaneously that the powder keeps evenly distributed in photosensitive thick liquids, prevents that it from subsiding, reuniting.
(4) After the photosensitive paste is stably extruded out of the streamline, the photosensitive paste is uniformly spread on the printing platform (6), the computer is operated to operate the 3D printing control device (1) to print, meanwhile, the power of laser output by the irradiation head of the laser curing device (5) is regulated to a proper range, and the selected area is synchronously irradiated onto the paste streamline plane along with the irradiation, so that the paste streamline plane is rapidly cured and formed.
(5) And after the blank is printed and formed, taking down the blank from the platform to obtain a metal blank with a complex shape, and degreasing and sintering the blank to obtain a high-precision metal part with a complex shape.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a 3D printing device of laser election district solidified metal which characterized in that: the automatic printing device is composed of a 3D printing control device (1), a slurry printing spray head (2), a fixing frame (3), a spring clamp (4), a laser curing device (5), a printing platform (6) and a direct-current power supply (7); the paste printing nozzle (2) is connected to the fixing frame (3) and is clamped by the spring clamp (4); the laser curing device (5) is fixed on the paste printing nozzle (2), the 3D printing control device (1) controls the printing platform (6) and the paste printing nozzle (2) to move through a computer control system, so that three-dimensional printing forming is achieved, and then the extrusion device is used for achieving deposition printing of printing paste; meanwhile, the synchronous scanning selective solidification of the deposited metal flow line is realized by combining a high-precision laser beam, and the high precision of the printed part is ensured; the scanning path is consistent with the wire moving path of the paste printing nozzle.
2. 3D printing device of selectively laser solidified metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slurry printing nozzle (2) consists of a direct current speed reducing motor (8), a feeding hole (9), a spiral extrusion device (10), a detachable needle head (11) and a needle cylinder (12); the direct current speed reducing motor (8) is a speed-adjustable gear speed reducing motor and is fixed on the upper part of the needle cylinder (12), the output shaft end extends into the needle cylinder (12), the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected with the direct current power supply (7) and are used for driving the spiral extrusion device (10) to operate, and the rotating speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the output current of the direct current power supply (7); the detachable needle head (11) is connected with the lower end of the needle cylinder, has different apertures and can be used for extruding slurry streamlines with different diameters; the side wall of the upper end of the needle cylinder (12) is provided with a feeding hole (9) for realizing continuous feeding.
3. Use of a device for 3D printing of selectively laser-solidified metal according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: the paste printing spray head is used for loading photosensitive suspension paste consisting of metal powder and liquid photosensitive resin, and the photosensitive resin can immediately perform polymerization reaction under the irradiation of ultraviolet light with a certain wavelength to finish curing, wherein the solid-phase volume content of the paste is 50-68%, and the viscosity of the paste is not higher than 5 Pa.s.
4. The 3D printing apparatus of laser selective solidification metal of claim 1, wherein: the slurry streamline can be uniformly dispersed into a layer of plane after being extruded, and the layers can be tightly bonded together.
5. The 3D printing apparatus of laser selective solidification metal of claim 1, wherein: the laser curing device (5) is characterized in that a laser generator generates ultraviolet light with specific wavelength and intensity, and the ultraviolet light is focused by a laser focusing lamp to form a fine laser beam; under the control of a numerical control device, the slurry flow line plane extruded by the slurry printing spray head (2) is synchronously scanned and irradiated, so that the deposited slurry on the scanning path is rapidly solidified and formed.
6. The 3D printing device for selectively laser solidified metal according to claim 5, wherein: the wavelength range of the ultraviolet light generated by the laser focusing lamp is 250-405nm, and the irradiation power is 60-300mW/cm2The slurry flow line can complete curing within 0.1s after being irradiated.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111151758A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-05-15 | 南京理工大学 | Laser is encircleed and is followed 3D printing device |
| CN111276296A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-12 | 南京理工大学 | Conductive silver paste composite sintering method and device |
| CN112108649A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-22 | 泉州天智合金材料科技有限公司 | Fine streamline 3D printer head of metal powder and printing device with printer head |
| CN112139496A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 泉州天智合金材料科技有限公司 | 3D printing method for fine streamline of metal powder and 3D printed product |
| CN112454885A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 南京信息工程大学滨江学院 | Extrusion formula slurry material 3D printing device of high accuracy |
| CN113400437A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing ceramic material through ultraviolet beam synchronous curing assisted direct-writing 3D printing |
| CN113459503A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-01 | 清华大学 | 3D printing device based on multi-beam laser |
| CN113500772A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-15 | 清华大学 | Laser 3D printing device |
| CN114284058A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic equipment, circuit board assembly, inductance device and preparation method thereof |
| CN114750411A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-07-15 | 季华实验室 | Material extrusion type 3D printing method |
| CN114850490A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-05 | 芯体素(杭州)科技发展有限公司 | Electronic radiator manufacturing method based on 3D printing |
| CN114872164A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-08-09 | 江阴迅捷快速成型科技有限公司 | High-precision degreasing deformation prevention 3D printing forming equipment and forming method |
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