CN209794559U - 3D printer that functional gradient material and shaping structure integration were made - Google Patents
3D printer that functional gradient material and shaping structure integration were made Download PDFInfo
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- CN209794559U CN209794559U CN201920346736.2U CN201920346736U CN209794559U CN 209794559 U CN209794559 U CN 209794559U CN 201920346736 U CN201920346736 U CN 201920346736U CN 209794559 U CN209794559 U CN 209794559U
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Abstract
the utility model provides a 3D printer that functional gradient material and shaping structure integration were made, with pay-off module, compounding module, print the shower nozzle three separately, ingenious setting through each part can realize that continuous functional gradient material and complicated three-dimensional structure integration are made, have the high-efficient homogeneous mixing of many materials initiative, print resolution ratio height (receive micro-nano scale characteristic structure and print), it is extensive to be suitable for the material kind, production efficiency is high, and is with low costs, simple structure's characteristics and outstanding advantage. In particular, the method can simultaneously realize the integrated manufacture of the continuous functional gradient material and the complex three-dimensional structure based on the material composition and the microstructure.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing and functional gradient material/structure manufacturing, and relates to a 3D printer integrally manufactured by a functional gradient material and a forming structure.
background
the statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
the Functional Gradient Material (FGM) is a heterogeneous composite material in which, during the preparation of the material, advanced composite technology is adopted to make the microscopic elements (including material components and microstructure) of the material present continuous (or quasi-continuous) gradient change in a certain specific direction, so that the macroscopic properties of the material also present continuous (or quasi-continuous) gradient change in the same direction. The functional gradient material is characterized in that a middle transition layer with gradient change is added in the traditional composite material according to the material content ratio, so that the physical properties of the material are in a gradual change form, and the defects of stress concentration, cracking, peeling and the like generated in the use process of the traditional composite material due to too large physical property difference are avoided or relieved. In addition, the functional gradient material has very good designability, and the volume content of each component material or the spatial distribution of the microstructure is changed in a targeted manner, so that the internal stress distribution of the structure is optimized, and the requirements of different parts on the service performance of the material are met. As a brand new advanced material, the material not only solves the problem of interface stress of the composite material, but also maintains the composite characteristic of the material. Due to the excellent physical and chemical properties, the functionally gradient material is currently applied to various fields such as aerospace, biological medical treatment, nuclear engineering, energy, electromagnetism, optics and the like, and shows wide application prospects.
According to the different material components contained in the functional gradient material, the functional gradient material is divided into: (1) inorganic functionally gradient materials, mainly including metal/ceramic, metal/nonmetal, metal/metal and ceramic/nonmetal, etc.; (2) the polymer functionally gradient material mainly comprises a high polymer/high polymer, a high polymer/ceramic, a high polymer/metal, a high polymer/inorganic filler and the like, but at present, research and development of the polymer functionally gradient material mainly focuses on two main categories of the high polymer/high polymer and the high polymer/inorganic filler. The polymer functionally graded material (PGM) mainly refers to a class of functionally graded materials with a base material being a high molecular material, and compared with an inorganic functionally graded material, the polymer functionally graded material has wider engineering application.
To the knowledge of the inventor, the existing main preparation methods of the functionally graded material are as follows: chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, plasma spraying, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, powder metallurgy, centrifugal molding, slip casting, chemical vapor infiltration, and electrodeposition. However, the above conventional preparation methods can only be used for forming some functionally graded materials with simpler structures, cannot realize the forming of complex structural members, especially the integrated manufacturing of complex three-dimensional functionally graded materials and structures, and have complex forming process, low efficiency and high cost. The additive manufacturing technology (3D printing) appearing in recent years provides a brand-new technical solution for manufacturing the functional gradient material and the functional gradient structural member, and particularly provides an ideal forming method for the functional gradient material and the complex three-dimensional structure by the multi-material and multi-scale 3D printing technology.
According to the published research results and information at home and abroad, 3D printing technology and process for manufacturing functionally graded materials/structural members have been proposed mainly including: directed energy deposition (LENS), laser cladding, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), polymer jetting (Polyjet), powder bed melting, etc., however, after the inventors' study, it was found that the existing 3D printing techniques all have many defects and shortcomings in the manufacture of functionally graded materials/structures: (1) the materials of the components are not mixed uniformly. None of these prior art techniques provide a dedicated compounding unit (especially active material mixing) resulting in non-uniform compounding which results in failure to produce a truly high performance functionally graded material/structure. For example, the existing LENS, laser cladding, FDM and other technologies mostly adopt an integrated nozzle/print head structure, and uniform mixing of multiple materials cannot be achieved in the integrated nozzle, and especially, LENS and laser cladding materials are mixed in a molten pool after injection deposition of each component material, so that the mixing effect is worse. The multi-nozzle structure adopted by the polymer spraying process is also the mixing of a plurality of materials after deposition and before solidification, and the complete and uniform mixing of the multi-component materials cannot be realized. The powder bed melting process restricts the uniform mixing of materials (especially the feeding mode for spreading powder) and has the problem of serious material waste; (2) the existing various 3D printing technologies can not realize the manufacture of continuous functional gradient materials/structural members, can only realize the manufacture of quasi-continuous functional gradient materials/structural members, and can not prepare the functional gradient materials/structural members in the true sense; (3) the processing precision is low, all the existing processes can not realize the manufacture of a micro-scale functional gradient structure, the minimum feature resolution is difficult to realize below 100 micrometers, and particularly, no technology can realize the manufacture of a high-resolution feature structure below 20 micrometers; (4) the existing technologies are difficult to realize the manufacture of functionally graded materials or structural members based on microstructure change due to the limitation of forming precision, and the manufacture of functionally graded materials or functionally graded structures is mostly realized by adjusting the component proportion of the materials; (5) the integrated manufacture of the functional gradient material and the three-dimensional structure cannot be realized, and the integrated manufacture of the simple two-dimensional or 2.5-dimensional structure is mostly realized; (6) the manufacture of a complex three-dimensional functional gradient structural part is difficult to realize; (7) the production efficiency is low, the stability of the manufacturing process is poor, for example, LENS, laser cladding, FDM and the like, and because the material proportion is constantly changed in the printing process, the printing process parameters (laser power, heating temperature of a spray head and the like) also need to be correspondingly adjusted, the process stability of the whole printing process is poor, and the printing efficiency is low; particularly, an integrated printing head structure is adopted, the material mixing and printing functions are integrated, strict sequence and synchronization relation must be ensured for feeding, material mixing and printing, otherwise, required functional gradient materials and forming structures are difficult to print successfully, and the improvement of the processing efficiency is greatly limited; (8) the kinds and shapes of the printable materials are limited, and the printable materials need to be processed in advance into desired shapes and sizes. For example, materials suitable for the current LENS and laser cladding processes are basically powder materials and wire materials, and the shapes and the geometric dimensions of the powder materials and the wire materials are also strictly limited; FDM is suitable for the material to be wire material at present, and the geometric dimension of the FDM is also limited more strictly; polymer jetting is currently only suitable for very low viscosity photosensitive resin materials; powder bed melting is suitably a powdery material, the geometry and dimensions of which are more severely limited; (9) each manufacturing technology also has stricter limits on suitable forming materials, the LENS, laser cladding and powder bed melting technology is mainly used for manufacturing metal-based functionally gradient materials and structures, the FDM is mainly used for manufacturing thermoplastic-based functionally gradient materials/structures, and the Polyjet is mainly used for manufacturing light-cured resin-based functionally gradient materials/structures; and (10) the equipment and the process are complex, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the disclosure provides a 3D printer integrally manufactured by a functional gradient material and a molding structure, which can realize low-cost and high-efficiency manufacturing of a continuous functional gradient material/component, is suitable for various printing materials, and particularly can realize integral manufacturing of the continuous functional gradient material and a complex three-dimensional structural component. Meanwhile, the printing device has the characteristics and outstanding advantages of active, efficient and uniform mixing of multiple materials, high printing resolution (capable of realizing micro-nano micro-scale feature structure printing), wide material variety applicability, high production efficiency, low cost and simple structure.
According to some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
A3D printer integrally manufactured by functional gradient materials and a forming structure comprises at least a feeding module, a mixing module, a printer device and a controller, wherein the feeding module comprises at least two independent feeding mechanisms and is used for conveying different printing materials into the mixing module;
The mixing module comprises a stirring container, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the stirring container, the stirring mechanism is driven by a first driving mechanism to rotate so as to mix the received printing materials, and a discharge port of the stirring container is connected into a printing nozzle module of the printer device through an electric heating pipe;
The printer device comprises a three-dimensional workbench, a printing spray head module is mounted on a Z-axis workbench of the three-dimensional workbench, a printing bed is arranged on an X/Y-axis workbench, the printing spray head module comprises a second driving mechanism, a single screw rod, an extrusion cylinder and a conductive nozzle, the second driving mechanism is connected with the single screw rod and can drive the single screw rod to axially move in the extrusion cylinder, and the extrusion cylinder is connected with an electric heating pipe; the conductive nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder and is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply;
The controller is connected with the feeding module, the mixing module and the printer device, controls all parts to work, and realizes the manufacture of continuous functional gradient materials and structural members by utilizing the mixing action of materials with different components or/and proportions, the extrusion action of a single screw rod on printing materials and the electric field driving jet deposition action of the conductive nozzle.
The control method of the controller only needs to use the existing control algorithm.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, with pay-off module, compounding module, print shower nozzle module three independent, separately set up, make pay-off, compounding and printing process not influence each other, can improve and print efficiency and stability, especially can realize continuous stable printing.
Meanwhile, the printing nozzle adopts a single-screw melting extrusion type nozzle and conductive nozzle combined structure, the mixed printing material can be further uniformly mixed by using the single-screw melting extrusion type nozzle, and meanwhile, the extrusion force generated by the single screw is utilized to accurately control the extrusion of the material, so that the forming of the printing process is assisted, and the continuous and stable printing is ensured.
The conductive nozzle of the printing nozzle is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply, so that an electric field driven jet deposition 3D printing process is adopted for printing and forming the functional gradient material and the structural component, and the electric field driven jet deposition 3D printing process has very high printing resolution on one hand, can realize printing of a micro/nano scale characteristic structure and particularly has the capability of large-area macro/micro/nano cross-scale 3D printing; meanwhile, the type of printing materials which can be applied to the electric field driven jet deposition 3D printing process is very wide, and the printing process is particularly suitable for printing high-viscosity polymer materials (polymer matrix composite materials).
as a further limitation, the feeding module at least comprises two feeding mechanisms, each feeding mechanism can be used for placing different printing materials, and the raw materials are conveyed into the stirring container of the mixing module according to the set material proportioning requirement.
Of course, the feeding structure can be selected from the existing material conveying pump, the single-screw feeder and other accurately controllable feeding equipment.
The feeding module adopts a material delivery pump, a single-screw feeder and other accurate and controllable feeding equipment, so that the proportion of the multi-component material can be accurately controlled, and the printing performance of manufacturing the functionally graded material/structural member is ensured. For granular, powdery materials, a single screw feeding mechanism is generally employed. And the proportional relation between the rotating speed of the screw and the mass of the conveyed material is obtained through the mass measuring instrument, so that the accurate feeding is realized by regulating and controlling the rotating speed.
As further injecture, the compounding module includes a drive mechanism, initiative screw rod, driven screw rod and stirred vessel, a drive mechanism and initiative screw rod pass through the shaft coupling interconnection, driven screw rod and initiative screw rod meshing, driven screw rod and initiative screw rod are installed inside stirred vessel, the stirred vessel side is opened there is the material delivery hole to link to each other with pay-off module, and the stirred vessel bottom is equipped with the material delivery hole, and the delivery hole links to each other with electric heating pipe one end, and the material of misce bene is provided with a plurality of heaters in the recipient that prints the shower nozzle module is carried to electric heating pipe, the stirred vessel outside.
The arrangement mode is that the mixing module adopts a driving mixing mode, the driven screw and the driving screw are used for stirring, so that the multi-component materials are uniformly mixed before printing, the advantages of uniform mixing and high efficiency are achieved, and the manufacture of high-performance continuous functional gradient materials and structural members can be realized. In addition, the material can be used for mixing various granular materials, powder materials, wire materials and the like, and the raw materials do not need to be formed, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, and the universality of the material is improved. The heater is arranged outside the stirring container, so that the stirring effect can be better assisted, and the material forming performance is improved to a certain extent.
As a further limitation, the extrusion cylinder is of a sectional structure and comprises a metal material section, an insulating heat-conducting material section and a metal material section, the electric-conducting nozzle is installed at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder, a material conveying hole is formed in the side face of the extrusion cylinder and is connected with the other end of the electric heating pipe, the uniformly-mixed material is conveyed to the electric-conducting nozzle under the extrusion action of a single screw after entering the extrusion cylinder, and a plurality of heaters are coated on the peripheries of the extrusion cylinder and the electric-conducting nozzle.
By arranging the heaters, heating areas are formed on the mixing drum and the conductive nozzle, and the forming performance of the material can be better ensured.
By way of further limitation, the high-voltage pulse power supply is configured to be capable of outputting direct-current high voltage, outputting alternating-current high voltage, outputting pulse high voltage, and setting bias voltage, wherein the set bias voltage range is 0-2KV continuously adjustable, the direct-current high voltage is 0-5KV, the output pulse direct-current voltage is 0- +/-4 KV continuously adjustable, the output pulse frequency is 0Hz-3000Hz continuously adjustable, and the alternating-current high voltage is 0- +/-4 KV.
By way of further limitation, the printing bed is a platform with vacuum adsorption and electric heating functions, the printing bed is arranged on a swing table, the swing table is arranged on an X/Y-axis workbench, tilting within a range of +/-90 degrees can be achieved around the horizontal direction, and rotation within a range of 360 degrees can be achieved around the Z-axis direction.
As an optional scheme, the controller includes a feeding control unit, a mixing control unit, a printing nozzle control unit, a three-axis motion control unit, a printing bed control unit, and a printing control unit.
Of course, each unit is connected with a corresponding controlled object, and the control algorithm/control logic only needs to use the existing algorithm.
As an alternative, thethe X/Y axis workbench adopts a high-precision displacement workbench, the X, Y axis workbench is orthogonally arranged, the working stroke of the X axis is 0-1000 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not less than +/-1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not less than +/-2 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 500m/s2(ii) a The working stroke of the Y axis is 0-1000 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not less than +/-1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not less than +/-2 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 500m/s2。
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
The method can realize the integrated manufacturing of the continuous functional gradient material and the complex three-dimensional structural part. The manufacturing of the continuous functional gradient material and the structural member can be realized according to different components and proportions of the material, and the manufacturing of the continuous functional gradient material and the structural member can also be realized according to the change of the microstructure.
the special material mixing module is arranged, and the material mixing adopts a method of actively mixing the driven screw and the driving screw, so that the high-efficiency uniform mixing of multiple materials can be realized, and the manufacture of high-performance continuous functional gradient materials and structural members can be realized. Simultaneously, can realize that many materials are automatic to be carried according to the volume accuracy, high-efficient mixture. According to the material proportioning requirement, the feeding process parameters are set, the printing material is accurately and quantitatively conveyed, and then the driven screw and the driving screw are used for extrusion to realize active, efficient and uniform material mixing of the material. The material is carried and compounding is efficient to and accurate compounding.
The feeding module, the mixing module and the printing nozzle are separated and are respectively provided with a special functional module. The printing efficiency and stability are improved, and especially continuous, stable and reliable printing can be realized; but also can realize accurate and efficient continuous mixing of materials and continuous printing. The material mixing module and the printing module are designed separately, the material mixing and the 3D printing process are not affected by each other and can be carried out simultaneously, the material for spraying deposition can be guaranteed to be completely and uniformly mixed, the influence of the material which is not mixed is eliminated, the continuous preparation of the composite material can be guaranteed, the prepared material can be sufficiently supplied in time in the printing process, the material mixing and printing efficiency is improved, the excellent performance of printing the functional gradient structural member is guaranteed, and the integrated manufacturing of the real continuous functional gradient material and the structural member is realized.
The material suitable for the printing of the inorganic reinforced material and various polymer materials such as granular materials, powder materials, filiform materials, flaky materials and the like can be realized, and the printing is especially suitable for printing of high-viscosity materials and has strong universality.
The device has the advantages of simple structure, high precision, low equipment cost and high efficiency, and can meet the requirement of industrial-grade batch manufacturing.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus for integrally manufacturing a functionally graded material and a molding structure according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mixing module according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a print head module according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of printing according to an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating operation of the first embodiment.
Wherein, 1 feeding module, 101 feeding unit I, 102 feeding unit II, 2 mixing module, 201 servo motor, 202 coupler I, 203 driving screw rod, 204 driven screw rod, 205 mixing drum, 20501A material feeding port, 20502B material feeding port, 20503 composite material discharging port, 206 heater I, 207 mixing drum clamp, 3 electric heating hose (used for connecting mixing module and printing nozzle), 4Z axis workbench, 5 printing nozzle module, 501 stepping motor, 502 coupler II, 503 single screw rod, 504 extrusion drum, 50401 composite material feeding port, 50402 metal material segment, 50403 insulating heat conduction material segment, 50404 metal material segment, 505 electric conduction nozzle, 506 extrusion drum heater II, 507 electric conduction nozzle heater III, 508 nozzle clamp, 6 printing bed, 601 base, 7 swinging table, 8X, Y module workbench, 9 frame, 10 high voltage pulse power supply, 11 bottom plate I, 12 a bottom plate II, 13 a control module;
A feeding control unit 1301 (motor speed), a mixing control unit 1302 (motor speed and temperature control), a printing nozzle control unit 1303 (motor speed and temperature control), a three-axis motion control unit 1304, a table placing control unit 1305, a printing bed temperature control unit 1306, a printing control unit 1307 (printing parameters, material parameters and the like), and other auxiliary cooperative control units 1308.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
The present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
the utility model provides a 3D printer and its working method for functional gradient material and shaping structure integrated manufacturing, it can realize continuous functional gradient material and complicated three-dimensional structure integrated manufacturing, has the high-efficient homogeneous mixing of many materials initiative, and printing resolution ratio is high (receive micro-nano micro-scale characteristic structure and print), and suitable material kind is extensive, and production efficiency is high, and is with low costs, simple structure's characteristics and outstanding advantage. In particular, the method can simultaneously realize the integrated manufacture of the continuous functional gradient material and the complex three-dimensional structure based on the material composition and the microstructure.
The concrete solution comprises the following steps:
(1) The feeding module, the mixing module and the printing nozzle are separated, and special functional modules are respectively set. The feeding, mixing and printing processes are not affected, the printing efficiency and stability can be improved, and continuous and stable printing can be realized.
(2) The material mixing module adopts a driving material mixing mode, introduces a driven screw and a driving screw stirring device, ensures that multi-component materials are uniformly mixed before printing, has the advantages of uniform mixing and high efficiency, and can realize the manufacture of high-performance continuous functional gradient materials and structural members. In addition, the material can be used for mixing various granular materials, powder materials, wire materials and the like, and the raw materials do not need to be formed, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, and the universality of the material is improved.
In addition, the feeding module adopts a material delivery pump, a single-screw feeder and other accurately controllable feeding equipment, so that the proportion of the multi-component material can be accurately controlled, and the printing performance of manufacturing the functionally graded material/structural member is ensured. For granular, powdery materials, a single screw feeding mechanism is generally employed. And the proportional relation between the rotating speed of the screw and the mass of the conveyed material is obtained through the mass measuring instrument, so that the accurate feeding is realized by regulating and controlling the rotating speed.
(3) the printing nozzle adopts a combined structure of a single-screw melting extrusion type nozzle and a conductive nozzle, and has the following three remarkable functions by utilizing the single-screw melting extrusion type nozzle:
The mixed printing materials can be further uniformly mixed;
The printing temperature can be accurately regulated and controlled;
the extrusion force generated by the single screw is utilized to accurately control the extrusion of the material, and the forming of the printing process is assisted.
Different from the traditional air pressure and the like, the single-screw extrusion force is stable and simple to regulate and control, and continuous and stable printing is ensured.
(4) the printing and forming of the functional gradient material and the structural component adopt an electric field driven jet deposition 3D printing process, and a conductive nozzle of a printing nozzle is connected with the anode of a high-voltage pulse power supply. The electric field driven jet deposition 3D printing process has very high printing resolution, can realize printing of micro-nano scale characteristic structures, and particularly has the capability of large-area macro/micro/nano cross-scale 3D printing; on the other hand, the variety of the printable materials is very wide, and the ink is particularly suitable for printing high-viscosity polymer materials (polymer matrix composite materials);
(5) Two printing modes are set, wherein the first printing mode (extrusion molding) is directly formed by single-screw extrusion and is used for printing a macro structure and a characteristic structure with low precision requirement, and the mode has higher printing efficiency; the second mode adopts an electric field driven jet deposition 3D printing process (jet forming) for printing the micro-nano characteristic structure, particularly realizes the manufacture of the material and the structural component based on the microstructure continuous functional gradient by utilizing the mode, and simultaneously requires the manufacture of the material and the microstructure variation functional gradient material and the structural component, and has very high precision. The two printing modes can simultaneously give consideration to the printing efficiency and the printing precision, and ensure the realization of large-area macro/micro/nano cross-scale 3D printing and the efficient manufacture of large-size high-precision functional gradient structural parts.
the following is a detailed description of various embodiments.
Example one
as shown in fig. 1, the 3D printing apparatus structure for integrally manufacturing the functionally graded material and the molding structure includes: the automatic printing machine comprises a feeding module 1, a feeding unit I101, a feeding unit II102, a mixing module 2, an electric heating hose 3 (used for connecting the mixing module and a printing nozzle), a 4Z-axis workbench, a printing nozzle module 5, a printing bed 6, a swinging table 7, a module workbench 8X, Y, a rack 9, a high-voltage pulse power supply 10, a bottom plate I11, a bottom plate II 12 and a control module 13. Specifically, the feeding module 1 is connected with the mixing module 2, the mixing module 2 is fixed on a bottom plate I11, a discharge port of the mixing module 2 is connected with a printing nozzle module 5 through an electric heating hose 3, the bottom of the printing nozzle module 5 is connected with the positive pole of a high-voltage pulse power supply 10 through a lead, a printing bed 6 is arranged under the printing nozzle module 5, the printing bed 6 is fixed on a swinging table 7, the swinging table 7 is fixed on a X, Y module workbench 8, a X, Y module workbench 8 is fixed on a bottom plate II 12, the printing nozzle module 5 is fixed on a Z-axis workbench 4, the Z-axis workbench 4 is fixed on a gantry beam of a frame 9, and the bottom of the frame 9 is fixed on the bottom plate II 12. The control module 13 controls the functions of the individual modules and the cooperative work of the respective functional modules, and the like.
Two ends of the electric heating hose 3 are respectively connected with the mixing module 2 and the printing nozzle module 5, and the electric heating hose can be used for keeping the temperature of the melt and realizing the conveying of materials.
The printing bed 6 is a platform or a circular table or other structural shapes with vacuum adsorption and electric heating functions, the heating temperature range of the printing bed 6 is 0-120 ℃, the printing bed 6 is required to have higher flatness, a substrate can be placed on the printing bed 6 during printing, and if printing is carried out on the surface of an existing object, the object can be fixed on the printing bed 6 for printing.
The swing table 7 is a tiltable rotary table, and can tilt within a range of ± 90 degrees around the X-axis direction and can rotate within a range of 360 degrees around the Z-axis direction, thereby realizing printing of a complex three-dimensional structure.
X, Y die set workstation 8 adopts high accuracy displacement workstation, and X, Y quadrature is placed, adopts servo motor drive. The working stroke of the X axis is 0-1000 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not less than +/-1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not less than +/-2 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 500m/s2. The working stroke of the Y axis is 0-1000 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not less than +/-1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not less than +/-2 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 500m/s2。
Of course, in other embodiments, existing three-dimensional motion/stages may be used.
In the present embodiment, the high-voltage pulse power supply 10 has a function of outputting a dc high voltage; outputting alternating-current high voltage; a pulsed high voltage is output and a bias voltage can be set. The bias voltage range is set to be 0-2KV continuously adjustable, the direct current high voltage is set to be 0-5KV, the output pulse direct current voltage is 0- +/-4 KV continuously adjustable, the output pulse frequency is 0Hz-3000Hz continuously adjustable, the alternating current high voltage is 0- +/-4 KV, and the voltage form is selected according to the printing structure and the printing material characteristics during printing.
Of course, in other embodiments, the parameters may be adaptively modified.
In some embodiments, the mixing module, which can be used as a blend, specifically includes, as shown in fig. 2, a servo motor 201, a coupling I202, a driving screw 203, a driven screw 204, a mixing drum 205, a material a feeding port 20501, a material B feeding port 20502, a composite material discharging port 20503, a mixing drum heater I206, and a mixing drum clamp 207. Specifically, the servo motor 201 and the driving screw 203 are interconnected through the coupler 202, the driven screw 204 is engaged with the driving screw 203, the driving screw 203 and the driven screw 204 are installed inside the mixing drum 205, a plurality of mixing drum heaters I206 are respectively coated at different positions of the mixing drum 205, the mixing drum 205 is fixed on the mixing drum fixture 207, material conveying holes (namely, a material feeding hole 20501 and a material B feeding hole 20502) are formed in the side surface of the mixing drum 205 and connected with the feeding module 1, materials enter the mixing drum 205 under the action of the feeding module 1, mixing and mixing are completed under the action of the driving screw 203 and the driven screw 204, a material conveying hole 20503 is formed in the bottom end of the mixing drum, the conveying hole 20503 is connected with one end of the electric heating hose 3, and the uniformly mixed materials are conveyed to the printing nozzle module 5 through the electric heating hose 3 for printing.
The heating temperature range of the mixing drum heater I206 is 0-450 ℃, and different temperature values can be set according to the plasticizing and pressure requirements, of course, the heat quantity required and generated by different materials in different areas in the mixing drum 205 is different.
The modular structure of the print head, which can be used as a commonality in some embodiments, is shown in fig. 3, and includes a stepper motor 501, a shaft coupling 502, a single screw 503, an extrusion barrel 504, a composite feed 50401, a metallic material section 50402, an insulating heat-conducting material section 50403, a metallic material section 50404, an electrically conductive nozzle 505, an extrusion barrel heater II506, an electrically conductive nozzle heater III507, and a head clamp 508. Specifically, step motor 501 and single screw 503 are interconnected through shaft coupling 502, and single screw 503 is installed in the inside of recipient 504, and electrically conductive nozzle 505 is installed in the bottom of recipient 504, and recipient 504 side is opened there is material delivery orifice 50401, and delivery orifice 50401 links to each other with the 3 other ends of electrical heating hose, and the material of misce bene gets into and carries electrically conductive nozzle 505 under single screw 503's extrusion behind recipient 504, recipient heater II506, electrically conductive nozzle heater III507 cladding are peripheral at recipient 504 and electrically conductive nozzle 505 respectively, and shower nozzle anchor clamps 508 divide into two-layer from top to bottom, and the upper strata is used for fixed step motor 501, and the lower floor is used for fixed recipient 504, anchor clamps 508 back is opened threaded hole, realizes fixing with Z axle workstation 4 through the screw thread.
Of course, in other embodiments, both the number and location of the heaters may be adaptively changed.
The extrusion cylinder 504 is designed into three sections, namely a metallic material section 50402, an insulating heat-conducting material section 50403 and a metallic material section 50404, and the purpose of insulating heat-conducting material is to prevent conduction with the electric-conducting nozzle 505 from affecting other electronic devices of the device. The specific size and the like of each segment are set according to specific conditions.
The conductive nozzle 505 is a metal nozzle or a nozzle coated with a conductive material, has an inner diameter of 1-1000 μm, and is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage pulse power supply 10 through a lead.
The heating temperature ranges of the extrusion cylinder heater II506 and the conductive nozzle heater III507 are 0-450 ℃. The temperature of the nozzle is usually slightly higher than that of the extrusion barrel, so that the material spraying temperature can be accurately regulated.
As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the conductive nozzle 505 is a armed needle with an inner diameter of 200 μm, mounted at the lowermost end of the container 504 and connected to the positive terminal of the high voltage power supply 10 by a wire. The conductive nozzles 505 form a strong electric field with a substrate 601 placed on the print bed 6, driving the jet deposition of material onto the substrate.
In some embodiments, the specific printing process for integrally manufacturing the functionally graded material and the molding structure includes: (1) and (4) preparing data. Determining geometric information of each layer of a printed structural member according to model data (STL, AMF, 3MF and the like) of a formed structural member, and setting material information (material ratio or material doping ratio) and a printing mode according to a material/structure functional gradient requirement, wherein the material information specifically comprises the number of layers contained in the same ratio and whether a high-voltage pulse power supply is started in the printed structure, so as to generate a printed data file; (2) printing initialization, namely completing preparation work before printing, placing raw materials of each component into the feeding module 1, starting all heating units such as the mixing module 2, the printing nozzle module 5 and the printing bed 6 to reach a set temperature, enabling the mixing module 2 and the printing nozzle module 5 to be in a standby state, enabling each motion platform 4 and 8 to be in an enabled state, and completing preparation and initialization of the whole printing equipment; (3) printing functionally graded materials and structural members, mainly comprising material mixing and delivery extrusion, 3D printing of geometrically shaped structures. Based on each layer of printing data information (or a multilayer structure adopts the same proportion), according to the proportion required by each component material, a motor of a feeding unit is operated according to the rotating speed ratio, the required component materials are sent to a mixing module 2 according to the proportion, the motor of a filler feeding unit is stopped after the transportation of all the structural layer materials is completed, a base material feeding unit continuously supplies the base material to ensure that the printing is successfully completed, the multi-component materials entering the mixing module 2 are fully mixed under the stirring action of double screws 203 and 204, and then are conveyed into an extrusion cylinder 504 of a printing nozzle 5 through an electric heating hose 3, and the materials are extruded to the tip of a conductive nozzle 505 under the extrusion action of a single screw 503 of the printing nozzle 5; then, according to the different printing geometric characteristic structures, different printing modes are respectively adopted (for a macro structure, a single screw 505 of a printing spray head 5 is directly utilized to extrude and deposit a printing material on a substrate or a formed structure, if the micro-scale characteristic structure is printed, a high-voltage pulse power supply 10 is started, the printing material is sprayed and deposited on the substrate or the formed structure by utilizing an electric field to drive a spraying and depositing 3D printing process, and the movement of a swinging table 7 and a X, Y worktable 8 is combined to realize the formation of the geometric structure, after the printing of each layer is finished, a Z-axis worktable 4 is lifted by one layer thickness, the printing of the next layer structure is finished, the processes are repeated until the printing of all the layer structures is finished, and (4) a feeding module 1, a mixing module 2, the printing spray head 5 and the high-voltage pulse power supply 10 are closed, a X, Y, Z worktable 4, 8 and returning the placing table 7 to the initial printing position of the workbench, and taking down the printed forming functional gradient structural member.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the method includes the following steps:
step 1: print data file preparation. According to the model data of the printed matter and the functional gradient information required by the material/structure, the geometric information, the material information (material ratio or material doping ratio) and the printing mode of each layer of printing data are determined. In the actual printing of the functionally graded structure, since the printing thickness of each layer is very small, the multi-layer structure may use the same proportion of materials (specifically, according to the layer thickness and the required continuous performance of the functionally graded structure).
step 2: and (5) printing initialization. Taking a blending type polymer gradient material as an example, specifically taking a bi-component functional gradient material/structural member printing as an example, a material A and a material B are placed in a feeding unit I101 and a feeding unit II102 of a feeding module 1, all heating units such as a mixing module 2, a printing spray head module 5 and a printing bed 6 are started and reach a set temperature, the mixing module 2 and the printing spray head 5 are in a standby state, and each moving platform 4 and each moving platform 8 are in an enabling state, so that the preparation and initialization of the whole printing equipment are completed.
And step 3: printing the functional gradient material and forming the structural member. (1) Feeding, wherein based on the printing data file, motors of a feeding unit I101 and a feeding unit II102 are operated according to a rotating speed ratio and working time, and required materials A and B (volume ratio or weight ratio) are conveyed to the mixing module 2; (2) mixing materials, namely heating input materials in a mixing module 2, fully melting and actively mixing; (3) printing a first layer structure, conveying the uniformly mixed printing material to an extrusion cylinder 504 of a printing nozzle 5 through an electric heating hose 3, starting a single screw 503 of the printing nozzle 5, extruding the printing material by using the single screw 503 of the printing nozzle 5 according to a working mode required by the layer printing, and driving a swing table 7, an X workbench 8 and a Y workbench 8 to move according to the geometric information of the layer to finish the printing of the layer structure if the layer is in an extrusion forming mode; if the layer structure is formed by spraying, a high-voltage pulse power supply 10 is started to spray printing materials, and the swinging table 7, the X working table 8 and the Y working table 8 are driven to move according to the geometrical information of the layer to finish the printing of the layer structure; (4) the Z-axis workbench 4 is raised by one layer thickness, and the operations are repeated according to the material information, the geometric information and the printing mode of the second layer to finish the printing of the second layer structure; and (5) repeating the above operations to finish printing all layers.
and 4, step 4: and (5) post-treatment. After printing, the feeding module 1, the mixing module 2, the printing nozzle 5, the high-voltage pulse power supply 10, the X, Y, Z work tables 8 and 4 and the placing table 7 are closed to return to the initial printing position of the work tables, and the functional gradient forming piece after printing is taken down. And performing corresponding post-processing and other work such as support removal, surface finishing and the like as required.
Printing a data file, each layer structure comprising at least: geometric information, material information (material ratio of each component), and printing mode.
Printing the functional gradient material/structural member, and setting multiple layers with the same material information according to the actual printing requirements (printing efficiency, actual printing requirements or precision requirements and the like).
If the integrated manufacturing of the functional gradient material and the forming structure is realized based on the material microstructure, the specific printing process comprises the following steps:
Step 1: print data file preparation. According to the model data of the printed matter and the required functional gradient information, the geometric information (external contour data and internal microstructure gradient structure data) and the material information (if the material is a single material, the material proportion content is not available) and the printing mode (the contour adopts extrusion forming and the internal structure adopts injection forming) of the printing data of each layer are determined.
Step 2: and (5) printing initialization. Taking the printing of the filled composite polymer gradient material/structural member based on the microstructure change as an example, the material A and the material B (filled reinforced material) are put into the feeding unit I101 and the feeding unit II102 of the feeding module 1, all heating units such as the mixing module 2, the printing nozzle module 5, the printing bed 6 and the like are all started and reach a set temperature, the mixing module 2 and the printing nozzle 5 are in a standby state, and each moving platform 4 and 8 is in an enabling state, so that the preparation and initialization of the whole printing equipment are completed.
And step 3: printing the functional gradient material and forming the structural member. (1) Feeding, wherein based on the printing data file, motors of a feeding unit I101 and a feeding unit II102 are operated according to a rotating speed ratio and working time (the material ratio is fixed), and a required material A and a required material B (the volume ratio or the weight ratio) are conveyed to the mixing module 2; (2) mixing materials, namely heating, fully melting and mixing input materials in a mixing module 2; (3) printing a first layer, conveying the uniformly mixed material to an extrusion cylinder 504 of a printing nozzle 5 through an electric heating hose 3, starting a single screw 503 of the printing nozzle 5, firstly adopting extrusion molding, extruding the printing material by using the single screw 503 of the printing nozzle 5, and driving a swing table 7, an X workbench 8 and a Y workbench 8 to move according to the geometric information of the layer to finish the printing of the outline structure of the layer; then, a high-voltage pulse power supply 10 is started, printing is carried out in an injection mode, and the swing table 7, the X workbench 8 and the Y workbench 8 are driven to move according to the geometric information of the internal microstructure of the layer, so that the printing of the internal microstructure of the layer is completed; (4) the Z-axis workbench 4 is raised by one layer thickness, and the operations are repeated according to the geometric information of the second layer and the corresponding printing mode to finish the printing of the second layer; (5) the above operations are repeated to complete printing of all layers.
And 4, step 4: and (5) post-treatment. After printing, the feeding module 1, the mixing module 2, the printing nozzle 5, the high-voltage pulse power supply 10, the X, Y, Z work tables 8 and 4 and the placing table 7 are closed to return to the initial printing position of the work tables, and a formed part after printing is taken down. And performing corresponding post-processing and other work such as support removal, surface finishing and the like as required.
In conclusion, according to the embodiments provided by the disclosure, by matching the device with the printing mode, the integrated manufacturing of the continuous functional gradient material and the complex three-dimensional structure can be realized, the active, efficient and uniform mixing of multiple materials is realized, the printing resolution is high (printing of the micro-nano micro-scale feature structure), the variety of applicable materials is wide, the production efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the structure is simple. In particular, the method can simultaneously realize the integrated manufacture of the continuous functional gradient material and the complex three-dimensional structure based on the material composition and the microstructure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a 3D printer that functional gradient material and shaping structure integration were made which characterized by: the automatic printing system comprises at least a feeding module, a mixing module, a printer device and a controller, wherein the feeding module comprises at least two independent feeding mechanisms and is used for conveying different printing materials into the mixing module;
The mixing module comprises a stirring container, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the stirring container, the stirring mechanism is driven by a first driving mechanism to rotate so as to mix the received printing materials, and a discharge port of the stirring container is connected into a printing nozzle module of the printer device through an electric heating pipe;
The printer device comprises a three-dimensional workbench, a printing spray head module is mounted on a Z-axis workbench of the three-dimensional workbench, a printing bed is arranged on an X/Y-axis workbench, the printing spray head module comprises a second driving mechanism, a single screw rod, an extrusion cylinder and a conductive nozzle, the second driving mechanism is connected with the single screw rod and can drive the single screw rod to axially move in the extrusion cylinder, and the extrusion cylinder is connected with an electric heating pipe; the conductive nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder and is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply;
The printing bed is a platform with vacuum adsorption and electric heating functions, the printing bed is arranged on a swing table, the swing table is arranged on an X/Y-axis workbench, can tilt within a range of +/-90 degrees in the horizontal direction and can rotate within a range of 360 degrees in the Z-axis direction;
The controller is connected with the feeding module, the mixing module and the printer device to control all parts to work.
2. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the functionally graded material and the molding structure are integrally manufactured, and the 3D printer comprises: the feeding module at least comprises two feeding mechanisms, each feeding mechanism can be used for placing different printing materials, and raw materials are conveyed into the stirring container of the mixing module according to the set material proportion requirement.
3. The 3D printer of claim 2, wherein the functionally graded material and the molding structure are integrally manufactured, and the 3D printer comprises: the feeding mechanism is a single-screw feeding mechanism.
4. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the functionally graded material and the molding structure are integrally manufactured, and the 3D printer comprises: the material mixing module comprises a first driving mechanism, a driving screw rod, a driven screw rod and a stirring container, wherein the first driving mechanism and the driving screw rod are connected with each other through a coupler, the driven screw rod is meshed with the driving screw rod, the driven screw rod and the driving screw rod are installed inside the stirring container, a material conveying hole is formed in the side face of the stirring container and is connected with a feeding module, the bottom end of the stirring container is provided with the material conveying hole, the conveying hole is connected with one end of an electric heating pipe, materials which are uniformly mixed are conveyed into an extrusion cylinder of a printing nozzle module through the electric heating pipe, and a plurality of heaters are arranged on the.
5. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the functionally graded material and the molding structure are integrally manufactured, and the 3D printer comprises: the extrusion cylinder is of a sectional type structure and comprises a metal material section, an insulating heat-conducting material section and a metal material section, the electric-conducting nozzle is installed at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder, a material conveying hole is formed in the side face of the extrusion cylinder and is connected with the other end of the electric heating pipe, a uniformly-mixed material enters the extrusion cylinder and is conveyed to the electric-conducting nozzle under the extrusion action of the single screw, and a plurality of heaters are wrapped on the peripheries of the extrusion cylinder and the electric-conducting nozzle.
6. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the functionally graded material and the molding structure are integrally manufactured, and the 3D printer comprises: the high-voltage pulse power supply is configured to be capable of outputting direct-current high voltage, outputting alternating-current high voltage and outputting pulse high voltage, and is capable of setting bias voltage, the set bias voltage range is 0-2KV continuously adjustable, the direct-current high voltage is 0-5KV, the output pulse direct-current voltage is 0- +/-4 KV continuously adjustable, the output pulse frequency is 0Hz-3000Hz continuously adjustable, and the alternating-current high voltage is 0- +/-4 KV.
7. the 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the functionally graded material and the molding structure are integrally manufactured, and the 3D printer comprises: the X/Y axis workbench adopts a high-precision displacement workbench, the X, Y axis workbench is orthogonally arranged, the working stroke of the X axis is 0-1000 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not less than +/-1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not less than +/-2 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 500m/s2(ii) a The working stroke of the Y axis is 0-1000 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not less than +/-1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not less than +/-2 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 500m/s2。
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