CN114750411A - Material extrusion type 3D printing method - Google Patents
Material extrusion type 3D printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114750411A CN114750411A CN202210677891.9A CN202210677891A CN114750411A CN 114750411 A CN114750411 A CN 114750411A CN 202210677891 A CN202210677891 A CN 202210677891A CN 114750411 A CN114750411 A CN 114750411A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
Abstract
The application discloses material extrusion formula 3D printing method relates to additive manufacturing technical field, material extrusion formula 3D printing method includes following step: respectively preparing a support material and printing slurry, wherein the printing slurry is inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or metal powder resin-based slurry, so that the printing slurry is suspended in the support material, and the solid content of the printing slurry is more than or equal to 40%; putting a supporting material into a container, and placing the container filled with the supporting material on a printing platform; extruding, by a 3D printer, a printing paste in a support material in a container based on a preset target design model; and determining a target curing treatment mode according to the light transmittance of the supporting material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model. The application has solved prior art material and has extruded formula 3D and print the restriction of material and lead to printing the relatively poor technical problem of material performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a material extrusion type 3D printing method.
Background
The material extrusion type 3D (3-dimension) printing technology is an additive manufacturing process in which a material is extruded from a nozzle and selectively deposited, and has the advantages of low printing cost, more applicable material systems, simple and convenient operation, high printing speed, and the like, compared with other printing technologies. For 3D printing of inorganic non-metallic materials such as ceramics and metal materials, a normal temperature extrusion molding mode is usually adopted at present, the materials are required to have certain strength rapidly during extrusion so as to retain a molding structure and obtain a printing piece with a complete structure, so the printing slurry usually uses water as a base material, and the extruded materials also need to have certain fluidity at normal temperature in the extrusion molding mode, so the solid content of the printing slurry is limited to a certain extent, the solid content is usually not higher than 40%, if the solid content is higher, the fluidity of the printing slurry is poorer, the printing slurry is difficult to be smoothly extruded from a nozzle, or the extruded printing slurry has cracks or fractures, in order to improve the fluidity of the water-based slurry, the particle size of the raw materials is also required to be controlled, the raw materials with smaller particle size can be prepared into paste materials with lower fluidity for extrusion printing, however, the raw material particles in the paste material prepared in this way are not easy to disperse uniformly and agglomerate, and the performance of the material is also reduced. Although the printing method utilizing photocuring can cure the extruded printing paste to a certain extent in time to retain the forming structure, the paste is required to have higher fluidity and certain light transmittance, and for opaque materials such as inorganic nonmetallic materials including ceramics and metal materials, the solid content of the printing paste can only be reduced due to lower light transmittance and lower curing speed, and the solid content of the printing paste can only reach more than thirty percent to keep a better forming structure, so that the mechanical property of the material is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a material extrusion type 3D printing method, and aims to solve the technical problem that the performance of a printing material is poor due to the limitation of material extrusion type 3D printing on the printing material in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a material extrusion type 3D printing method, where the material extrusion type 3D printing method includes the following steps:
respectively preparing a support material and printing slurry, wherein the printing slurry is inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or metal powder resin-based slurry, so that the printing slurry is suspended in the support material, and the solid content of the printing slurry is more than or equal to 40%;
putting the supporting material into a container, and putting the container filled with the supporting material on a printing platform;
extruding, by a 3D printer, a printing paste in a support material in the container based on a preset target design model;
and determining a target curing treatment mode according to the light transmittance of the supporting material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model.
Optionally, the support material comprises one or more of an organic material, an inorganic non-metallic material, and a metallic material.
Optionally, the organic material comprises one or more of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyacrylamide resin, crosslinked polyacrylic acid resin, polyethylene oxide, polyquaternium;
or, comprises one or more of vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, silicone oil, lubricating grease, solid paraffin or liquid paraffin;
or the hydrogel comprises one or more of cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogel, DNA (deoxyribose nucleic Acid) supramolecular hydrogel, polyurethane urea supramolecular hydrogel, hyaluronic Acid-glucan supramolecular hydrogel, tanshinone II-A polypeptide supramolecular hydrogel, graphene composite supramolecular hydrogel, carbomer, gelatin and sodium alginate.
Optionally, the inorganic non-metallic material comprises one or more of a gelled material, a ceramic, a glass, an abrasive material, a carbon material, and a non-metallic mineral, and the state of the inorganic non-metallic material comprises a powder state, a slurry state, or a paste state.
Optionally, the metal material comprises one or more of metal powder, metal paste, and low melting point liquid metal, wherein the low melting point liquid metal comprises tin, gallium indium alloy, gallium indium tin zinc alloy, bismuth indium tin alloy, or bismuth indium tin zinc alloy.
Optionally, the matrix material in the inorganic non-metallic resin-based paste or the metal powder resin-based paste is one or more of a photo-curable resin and a thermosetting resin.
Optionally, the step of extruding, by a 3D printer, a printing paste in the supporting material in the container based on a preset target design model includes:
filling at least one printing material in at least one material cylinder of a 3D printer, and extruding and printing slurry in a supporting material in a container through at least one nozzle of the 3D printer in a three-axis direct-writing printing mode, a five-axis extrusion printing mode or a six-axis extrusion printing mode based on a preset target design model.
Optionally, the nozzle comprises an I-shape or an L-shape, and the spray head shape of the nozzle comprises a circle, an ellipse, a rugby ball shape, a v-shape, an L-shape or a square.
Optionally, the curing treatment comprises one or more of a combination of a light curing treatment, a radioactive ray curing treatment, a heat curing treatment, an ionic crosslinking curing treatment, an enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, a covalent crosslinking curing treatment, a freeze drying curing treatment, a heat drying curing treatment and an air drying curing treatment;
the step of curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model comprises the following steps:
In the process of extruding the printing paste, carrying out photocuring treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, thermocuring treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment and/or covalent crosslinking curing treatment synchronously to obtain a target model;
or after all printing slurry corresponding to the preset target design model is extruded, carrying out light curing treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, heat curing treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, covalent crosslinking curing treatment, freeze drying curing treatment, heating drying curing treatment and/or air drying curing treatment to obtain the target model.
Optionally, the extrusion movement path of the extrusion printing paste comprises a planar layer cutting path or a three-dimensional curved surface path.
The application provides a material extrusion type 3D printing method, which comprises the steps of preparing a support material and a printing slurry respectively, wherein the printing slurry is inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or metal powder resin-based slurry so as to suspend the printing slurry in the support material, the solid content of the printing slurry is more than or equal to 40%, loading the support material into a container, placing the container filled with the support material on a printing platform, extruding the printing slurry in the support material in the container through a 3D printer based on a preset target design model, realizing the extrusion molding of the printing slurry with high solid content in the support material, further determining a target curing treatment mode according to the light transmittance of the support material, curing the printing slurry according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model, the material extrusion type 3D printing of the target model with high mechanical property is realized, because the printing slurry is extruded and printed under the action of the supporting material, even if the printing slurry has high fluidity or is difficult to solidify in time, the expected forming structure of the printing slurry can be well kept under the action of the supporting material after extrusion, the fluidity of the printing slurry taking resin as a base material is good, the printing slurry with the solid content of more than or equal to 40 percent also has good fluidity, the solid content of the printing slurry is effectively improved, the strength of the finally prepared target model is further improved, the target model with high mechanical property is prepared, raw material powder with small particle size is not required to be used for avoiding collapse and deformation, the problem of poor dispersibility of the raw material powder can be effectively avoided, and the mechanical property of the finally prepared target model is improved, the technical problem that the limitation of extrusion type 3D printing on the printing material in the prior art causes poor performance of the printing material is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a material extrusion 3D printing method according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a scenario of step S30 in the material-extrusion 3D printing method according to the present application.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 1 | Charging |
2 | Printing paste |
| 3 | I- |
4 | Support material |
The objectives, features, and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present application provides a material extrusion type 3D printing method, and in an embodiment of the material extrusion type 3D printing method of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the material extrusion type 3D printing method includes:
step S10, preparing a support material and a printing paste respectively, wherein the printing paste is an inorganic non-metal resin-based paste or a metal powder resin-based paste, so that the printing paste is suspended in the support material, and the solid content of the printing paste is greater than or equal to 40%;
in the present embodiment, specifically, a printing paste is prepared: weighing a certain mass of printing slurry raw material, adding a base material into the printing slurry raw material, and controlling certain process conditions (such as proper temperature, proper pressure and the like) to uniformly mix the printing slurry raw material and the base material to prepare printing slurry with certain fluidity, wherein the printing slurry is inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or metal powder resin-based slurry, the inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry is prepared by taking inorganic non-metal as a main raw material and resin as a base material and adding or not adding an auxiliary agent, the inorganic non-metal comprises glass, ceramics and the like, the inorganic non-metal can also comprise hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, calcium sulfate, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, graphite fiber, pearl powder, shell powder, pearl powder and the like, The metal powder resin-based slurry is prepared by taking metal powder as a main raw material and resin as a matrix material with or without addition of an auxiliary agent, the metal comprises titanium alloy, tantalum, nickel-titanium powder alloy, cobalt alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zirconium alloy and the like, and the solid content of the inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or the metal powder resin-based slurry is more than or equal to 40% and can reach 40% -60%, so that a target model with high mechanical property can be prepared.
Preparing a support material: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a supporting material raw material, and making the supporting material raw material into a supporting material in a state of powder, particles, slurry or paste, wherein the state of the inorganic non-metal material can be determined according to the components, density and the like of printing slurry and actual conditions, so as to ensure that the supporting material can provide enough supporting force for the extruded printing slurry and can not cause layering, deformation and the like of the printing slurry due to poor adhesion, for example, for the condition that the adhesion between the printing slurry extruded and printed in the liquid supporting material and the printing slurry extruded and printed before is poor after the printing slurry is extruded and printed in the liquid supporting material, the supporting material in a powder state or a particle state can be selected to improve the adhesion and the mechanical property in a target model. The method comprises the steps of printing metal paste in a supporting material, and for the metal material with high density, selecting ceramic or metal paste or paste with high viscosity and high density as a support to support the printing paste so as to ensure the integrity of a printing structure, so that the printing paste can be suspended in the supporting material after being extruded, and a forming structure is kept without flowing and deforming under the supporting action of the supporting material.
It is easy to understand that the step of preparing the support material and the step of preparing the printing paste are independent from each other, and may be performed simultaneously, or may be performed sequentially, which is not limited in this embodiment, and the sequence of the step of preparing the support material and the step of preparing the printing paste is also not limited in this embodiment, and the support material or the printing paste may be prepared according to the usage amount and the remaining amount of the support material or the printing paste according to actual needs.
Optionally, the support material comprises one or more of an organic material, an inorganic non-metallic material, and a metallic material.
In this embodiment, specifically, the supporting material may be prepared by using one or a combination of more of an organic material, an inorganic non-metallic material, and a metallic material as a raw material of the supporting material, and it should be noted that there may be a plurality of organic materials, inorganic non-metallic materials, and metallic materials, that is, the supporting material may be a combination of one or more organic materials, one or more inorganic non-metallic materials, and/or one or more metallic materials, and may specifically be determined according to the components, density, and the like of the printing paste and actual conditions, so as to ensure that the supporting material can provide sufficient supporting force for the extruded printing paste, and cannot cause delamination, deformation, and the like of the printing paste due to poor adhesion.
Optionally, the organic material comprises one or more of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyacrylamide resin, crosslinked polyacrylic acid resin, polyethylene oxide, polyquaternium;
or, comprises one or more of vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, silicone oil, lubricating grease, solid paraffin or liquid paraffin;
or the hydrogel comprises one or more of cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogel, DNA supramolecular hydrogel, polyurethaneurea supramolecular hydrogel, hyaluronic acid-glucan supramolecular hydrogel, tanshinone II-A polypeptide supramolecular hydrogel, graphene composite supramolecular hydrogel, carbomer, gelatin and sodium alginate.
In this embodiment, specifically, the organic material may be one or more of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyacrylamide resin, crosslinked polyacrylic resin, polyethylene oxide, and polyquaternary ammonium salt, or one or more of vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, silicone oil, grease, solid paraffin, or liquid paraffin, or one or more of cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogel, DNA supramolecular hydrogel, polyurethane-urea supramolecular hydrogel, hyaluronic acid-dextran supramolecular hydrogel, tanshinone II-a polypeptide supramolecular hydrogel, graphene composite supramolecular hydrogel, carbomer, gelatin, and sodium alginate, and the specific ratio, concentration, and the like of the organic material may be determined according to the components, density, and the like of the printing paste, and actual conditions, so as to ensure that the supporting material can provide sufficient supporting force for the extruded printing paste, and the printing paste can not be layered or deformed due to poor adhesion.
Optionally, the inorganic non-metallic material comprises one or more of a gelled material, a ceramic, a glass, an abrasive material, a carbon material, and a non-metallic mineral, and the state of the inorganic non-metallic material comprises a powder state, a slurry state, or a paste state.
In this embodiment, specifically, the inorganic non-metallic material may be one or more of a cementitious material powder, a ceramic powder, a glass powder, an abrasive material powder, a carbon material powder, and a non-metallic mineral powder, and may be one or more of a cementitious material slurry, a ceramic slurry, a glass slurry, an abrasive material slurry, a carbon material slurry, and a non-metallic mineral slurry, and may also be one or more of a cementitious material paste, a ceramic paste, a glass paste, an abrasive material paste, a carbon material paste, and a non-metallic mineral paste, and the specific proportion, state, and the like of the inorganic non-metallic material may be determined according to the components, density, and the like of the printing paste, and the actual conditions, so as to ensure that the supporting material can provide sufficient supporting force for the extruded printing paste, and the printing paste cannot be layered due to poor adhesion, Deformation, etc.
Optionally, the metal material comprises one or more of metal powder, metal paste, and low melting point liquid metal, wherein the low melting point liquid metal comprises tin, gallium indium alloy, gallium indium tin zinc alloy, bismuth indium tin alloy, or bismuth indium tin zinc alloy.
In this embodiment, specifically, the metal material may be one or a combination of multiple of metal powder, metal paste, and low-melting-point liquid metal, where the low-melting-point liquid metal includes tin, gallium-indium alloy, gallium-indium-tin-zinc alloy, bismuth-indium-tin alloy, or bismuth-indium-tin-zinc alloy, and a specific kind of the metal material may be determined according to a component, density, and the like of the printing paste and an actual situation, so as to ensure that the support material can provide sufficient support force for the extruded printing paste, and the support material does not cause delamination, deformation, and the like of the printing paste due to poor adhesion.
Optionally, the matrix material in the inorganic non-metallic resin-based paste or the metal powder resin-based paste is one or more of a photo-curable resin and a thermosetting resin.
In the present embodiment, specifically, the matrix material in the inorganic non-metallic resin-based paste or the metal powder resin-based paste is one or more of a photo-curable resin and a thermosetting resin, wherein the light-cured resin consists of a resin monomer and a prepolymer, contains active functional groups, can initiate polymerization reaction by a photosensitizer under the irradiation of ultraviolet light to generate an insoluble coating, the thermosetting resin is a resin in which crosslinking between polymer chains is caused by heat to produce an insoluble polymer network, the matrix material may be determined according to a predetermined target curing process, for example, if the target curing process is a photo-curing process, a photo-setting resin is selected as the base material, and if the target curing process is a combination of a photo-setting process and a thermosetting process, a mixture of the photo-setting resin and the thermosetting resin is selected as the base material.
In this embodiment, because the printing paste is supported by the support material after being extruded and printed, the deformation risk is greatly reduced, so that the selectivity of the type, solid content and rheological property of the printing paste raw material of the printing paste is greatly increased, the selectivity of the type and process conditions of curing treatment is increased, different curing modes can be selected according to the type and solid content of different printing paste raw materials, the printing and forming can be carried out while printing, the printing and integrated forming can also be carried out after the printing is finished, the selectivity of the moving path of the 3D printer for extruding the printing paste is also increased, the three-dimensional curved surface path can be constructed without being limited to a layer-by-layer stacking mode, the type and ratio of the printing paste raw material and the type and ratio of the base material can be determined according to the actual needs of the target model without being limited by the requirements of a 3D printing process or a curing treatment process, and further determining the specific types and parameters of the appropriate 3D printing process and curing process according to the actually determined type and proportion of the printing slurry raw materials and the type and proportion of the base material.
Step S20, loading the supporting material into a container, and placing the container loaded with the supporting material on a printing platform;
in this embodiment, specifically, the prepared support material is loaded into a container with a suitable size, and the container loaded with the support material is placed on a printing platform corresponding to the 3D printer.
Step S30, extruding printing paste in the supporting material in the container through a 3D printer based on a preset target design model;
in this embodiment, specifically, a preset target design model is set by setting a 3D printer, so that the 3D printer extrudes printing paste in a supporting material in the container based on a moving path corresponding to the preset target design model, where the preset target design model is a 3D printing model corresponding to the target model, so that the 3D printer plans the moving path based on the target design model, and in an implementable manner, the moving path may be comprehensively planned in combination with a layering condition, a material type, and the like of the target model, so as to obtain a target model in which a layering structure is precisely matched with the preset target design model.
Optionally, the step of extruding, by a 3D printer, a printing paste in the supporting material in the container based on a preset target design model includes:
filling at least one printing material in at least one material cylinder of a 3D printer, and extruding and printing slurry in a supporting material in a container through at least one nozzle of the 3D printer in a three-axis direct-writing printing mode, a five-axis extrusion printing mode or a six-axis extrusion printing mode based on a preset target design model.
In this embodiment, specifically, at least one printing material is filled in at least one barrel of the 3D printer, a preset target design model is set by setting the 3D printer, so that the 3D printer plans a moving path of a nozzle corresponding to each barrel based on the preset target design model, and controls each nozzle to extrude printing paste in a printing mode of three-axis direct writing printing, five-axis extrusion printing or six-axis extrusion printing based on the moving path, wherein at least one printing material is filled in at least one barrel of the 3D printer, and printing paste is extruded through at least one nozzle of the 3D printer, and one printing paste or multiple printing pastes can be filled in a single barrel, extruded from a single nozzle, and one printing paste or multiple printing pastes can be filled in a single barrel, the extrusion from a plurality of nozzles can be realized by respectively filling one printing paste or a plurality of printing pastes in a plurality of material cylinders, the plurality of material cylinders are connected to one nozzle and then extruded from a single nozzle, or by respectively filling one printing paste or a plurality of printing pastes in a plurality of material cylinders, each material cylinder is connected to a plurality of same or different nozzles and then extruded from a plurality of nozzles, and the determination can be specifically carried out according to the actual material composition of the target model, for example, if the target model is formed by splicing a plurality of different printing paste materials, a plurality of material cylinders are filled with different types of printing pastes, and the printing is simultaneously finished through a plurality of nozzles, so that not only can the printing efficiency be improved, but also a target model without a layered structure can be prepared in a mode of controlling the movement of a spray head through a planned three-dimensional curve path, and if the target model is in a gradient structure, printing pastes and base materials are respectively filled in a plurality of material cylinders, and the printing slurry is connected to the same nozzle for extrusion, and the printing slurry with gradually changed concentration can be extruded by controlling the flow rate of the printing slurry and the base material, so that a gently-transitional gradient structure is obtained, the continuity of the gradient structure of the target model is increased, and the quality of the target model is improved.
Optionally, the nozzle comprises an I-shape or an L-shape, and the spray head shape of the nozzle comprises a circle, an ellipse, a rugby ball shape, a v-shape, an L-shape or a square.
In this embodiment, specifically, nozzles of different shapes and nozzles of different shapes of the nozzle head may be selected according to actual needs, where the shapes of the nozzles include I-shaped or L-shaped, and the shapes of the nozzle heads include circular, elliptical, rugby-ball-shaped, v-shaped, L-shaped, or square, for example, for a target design model with a simpler shape, the I-shaped nozzle may meet requirements by direct writing printing, for a target design model with a more complicated shape, the target design model may need five-axis extrusion printing or six-axis extrusion printing, and adjusting the shapes of the nozzles to L-shaped may make planning of a moving path of the nozzle head more flexible, and better realize a basis for printing paste, and select a nozzle with a larger size of the nozzle head by adjusting, and have a lower requirement for the size of the extrusion driving force of the printer, where the nozzle is a conduit through which the printing paste is extruded from the cartridge, the shape of the head is the shape of the tip of the nozzle, i.e. the shape of the outlet end from which the printing paste is extruded from the nozzle.
Optionally, the extrusion movement path of the extrusion printing paste comprises a planar layer cutting path or a three-dimensional curved surface path.
In this embodiment, specifically, the extrusion moving path of the extrusion printing paste includes a planar layer cutting path or a three-dimensional curved path, and based on flexible adjustment of the planar layer cutting path or the three-dimensional curved path, printing of a printed product with a complex shape and without anisotropy (or anisotropy) can be better and more flexibly achieved.
In one practical way, the extrusion of the printing paste includes piston extrusion, screw extrusion, pneumatic extrusion, or the like.
In an implementable manner, referring to fig. 2, printing paste 2 is extruded from a cartridge 1 into a support material 4 by a 3D printer, based on a preset target design model, through a type I nozzle 3 of the 3D printer.
And step S40, determining a target curing treatment mode according to the light transmittance of the supporting material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that, there are many support materials that can be selected in this embodiment, including a light-transmitting support material with good light-transmitting property, such as carbomer, hydrogel, glass, etc., and also including a non-light-transmitting support material with poor light-transmitting property, such as ceramic, non-metallic mineral, metallic material, etc., for the light-transmitting support material with good light-transmitting property, the ultraviolet light can penetrate through the support material to perform the photo-curing treatment on the printing paste inside the support material, so that the target curing treatment mode can be determined as the photo-curing treatment, and the printing paste can be cured with or without combining other curing treatment modes, while for the non-light-transmitting support material with poor light-transmitting property, the ultraviolet light is difficult to penetrate through the support material, and the photo-curing treatment effect is poor, so that the target curing treatment mode can be determined as one or more curing treatment modes other than the photo-curing treatment, and curing the printing paste, wherein the curing treatment mode comprises light curing treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, heat curing treatment, ion crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, covalent crosslinking curing treatment, freeze drying curing treatment, heating drying curing treatment and/or air drying curing treatment and the like.
Specifically, an appropriate target curing treatment mode is selected according to the light transmittance of the support material, the support material and/or the printing paste in the container are cured according to the determined target curing treatment mode, and after the curing treatment, the support material is removed, so that a target model composed of the cured printing paste is obtained.
In one practical aspect, the step of determining a target curing method according to the light transmittance of the support material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing method to obtain the target model includes:
if the supporting material is a light-transmitting supporting material, determining that the target curing treatment mode is a curing mode combining light curing treatment and heat curing treatment;
and in the process of extruding the printing paste, synchronously carrying out photocuring treatment on the printing paste, obtaining an initial model after extruding all printing pastes corresponding to the preset target design model, taking the initial model out of the supporting material, and carrying out thermocuring treatment on the initial model to obtain the target model.
In one practical aspect, the step of determining a target curing method according to the light transmittance of the support material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing method to obtain the target model includes:
if the supporting material is an opaque supporting material, determining that a target curing treatment mode is radioactive ray curing treatment, and performing radioactive ray curing treatment on the printing slurry to obtain a target model;
or if the support material is an opaque support material, determining that the target curing treatment mode is radiation curing treatment, and after all printing slurry corresponding to the preset target design model is extruded out, performing radiation curing treatment on the printing slurry to obtain the target model.
In one practical aspect, the step of determining a target curing method according to the light transmittance of the support material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing method to obtain the target model includes:
if the support material is an opaque support material, determining that the target curing treatment mode is a curing mode combining radioactive ray curing treatment and thermocuring treatment;
And in the process of extruding the printing paste, synchronously performing radioactive ray curing treatment on the printing paste, obtaining an initial model after extruding all the printing paste corresponding to the preset target design model, taking the initial model out of the supporting material, and performing thermosetting treatment on the initial model to obtain the target model.
Optionally, the curing treatment comprises one or more of a combination of a light curing treatment, a radioactive ray curing treatment, a heat curing treatment, an ionic crosslinking curing treatment, an enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, a covalent crosslinking curing treatment, a freeze drying curing treatment, a heat drying curing treatment and an air drying curing treatment;
the step of curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model comprises the following steps:
in the process of extruding the printing paste, carrying out photocuring treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, thermocuring treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment and/or covalent crosslinking curing treatment synchronously to obtain a target model;
or after all printing slurry corresponding to the preset target design model is extruded, carrying out light curing treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, heat curing treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, covalent crosslinking curing treatment, freeze drying curing treatment, heating drying curing treatment and/or air drying curing treatment to obtain the target model.
In this embodiment, specifically, the curing process includes one or a combination of multiple light curing process, radiation curing process, heat curing process, ionic crosslinking curing process, enzyme crosslinking curing process, covalent crosslinking curing process, freeze drying curing process, heat drying curing process, and air drying curing process, and may be determined comprehensively according to the curing efficiency, the type of the printing paste, the solid content of the printing paste, and the like, for example, for the light curing resin-based ceramic paste, due to the supporting function of the supporting material, there is no need to worry about the deformation possibly caused by untimely curing and reduce the solid content thereof, so that the light curing process of the light curing resin-based ceramic paste with high solid content can be realized, and further the direct writing printing of the light curing resin-based ceramic paste with high solid content can be realized, and the radiation curing process can be further combined, through radioactive ray curing treatment, the large-volume and high-solid-phase-content slurry which cannot be penetrated by the ultraviolet lamp can be penetrated and cured, the printing slurry is further deeply cured, the internal structure of the target model is consolidated, and the quality of the target model is improved.
The method for obtaining the target model by determining the target curing treatment mode according to the light transmittance of the support material and curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode may be that in the process of extruding the printing paste, light curing treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, heat curing treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment and/or covalent crosslinking curing treatment are synchronously performed to obtain the target model, or alternatively, after all printing pastes corresponding to the preset target design model are extruded, light curing treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, heat curing treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, covalent crosslinking curing treatment, freeze drying curing treatment, heat drying curing treatment and/or air drying curing treatment are performed to the target model to be cured composed of uncured printing paste, and obtaining the target model.
In an implementable manner, in the process of extruding the printing paste, after the curing treatment is synchronously performed, the method may further include performing further curing treatment on the obtained complete cured intermediate model corresponding to the preset target design model to obtain a target model with completely cured surface and inside.
In this embodiment, a support material and a printing slurry are respectively prepared, the printing slurry is an inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or a metal powder resin-based slurry, so that the printing slurry is suspended in the support material, the solid content of the printing slurry is greater than or equal to 40%, the support material is loaded into a container, the container with the support material is placed on a printing platform, a 3D printer is used to design a model based on a preset target, the printing slurry is extruded from the support material in the container, so as to realize the extrusion molding of the printing slurry with high solid content in the support material, a target curing treatment mode is determined according to the light transmittance of the support material, the printing slurry is cured according to the target curing treatment mode, so as to obtain a target model, and the material extrusion type 3D printing of the target model with high mechanical properties is realized, because the printing slurry is extruded and printed under the action of the supporting material, even if the printing slurry has higher fluidity or is difficult to be cured in time, the expected forming structure of the printing slurry can be well kept under the action of the supporting material after extrusion, the particle size of the raw material of the printing slurry does not need to be reduced for avoiding collapse and deformation, the solid content of the printing slurry does not need to be reduced for solidification efficiency and solidification effect, the fluidity of the printing slurry taking resin as a base material is better, the printing slurry with the solid content of more than or equal to 40 percent also has better fluidity, the solid content of the printing slurry is effectively improved, the strength of the finally prepared target model is further improved, the target model with higher mechanical property is prepared, the raw material powder with smaller particle size is not needed for avoiding collapse and deformation, and the problem of poor dispersibility of the raw material powder can be effectively avoided, the mechanical property of the finally prepared target model is improved, and the technical problem that the printing material property is poor due to the limitation of the extrusion type 3D printing material in the prior art is solved. Different solidification modes are combined with suspension printing, so that the extrusion printing of inorganic non-metal materials such as ceramics and opaque materials such as metal materials can be realized, the advantage of printable high-solid-content opaque materials is achieved, and the forming speed is faster than that of DLP (Digital Light Processing) printing. Under the supporting effect, the non-transparent material can be printed by using the curved surface in a layering manner, so that the 3D anisotropy problem is solved, and the material performance is further improved. And due to the supporting effect of the suspension medium on the slurry, large-size opaque printed parts can be cured by curing modes such as thermocuring, radioactive ray curing, freezing curing and the like, and the defect that the existing 3D printing can only utilize photocuring to print the opaque material with low solid content in a layered manner is overcome.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes, which are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and which are not limited by the present application, are also included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A material extrusion type 3D printing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively preparing a supporting material and printing slurry, wherein the printing slurry is inorganic non-metal resin-based slurry or metal powder resin-based slurry, so that the printing slurry is suspended in the supporting material, and the solid content of the printing slurry is greater than or equal to 40%;
putting the supporting material into a container, and putting the container filled with the supporting material on a printing platform;
extruding, by a 3D printer, a printing paste in a support material in the container based on a preset target design model;
and determining a target curing treatment mode according to the light transmittance of the supporting material, and curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model.
2. The material-extrusion 3D printing method of claim 1, wherein the support material comprises one or more of an organic material, an inorganic non-metallic material, and a metallic material.
3. The material-extrusion 3D printing method of claim 2, wherein the organic material comprises one or more of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, a polyacrylamide resin, a crosslinked polyacrylic resin, polyethylene oxide, a polyquaternium;
or, comprises one or more of vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, silicone oil, grease, solid paraffin or liquid paraffin;
or the hydrogel comprises one or more of cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogel, DNA supramolecular hydrogel, polyurethaneurea supramolecular hydrogel, hyaluronic acid-glucan supramolecular hydrogel, tanshinone II-A polypeptide supramolecular hydrogel, graphene composite supramolecular hydrogel, carbomer, gelatin and sodium alginate.
4. The material-extrusion 3D printing method according to claim 2, wherein the inorganic non-metallic material comprises one or more of a gel material, a ceramic, a glass, an abrasive material, a carbon material, a non-metallic mineral, and the state of the inorganic non-metallic material comprises a powder state, a slurry state, or a paste state.
5. The material-extrusion 3D printing method of claim 2, wherein the metal material comprises one or more of a metal powder, a metal paste, a low melting point liquid metal, wherein the low melting point liquid metal comprises tin, gallium, a gallium-indium alloy, a gallium-indium-tin-zinc alloy, a bismuth-indium-tin alloy, or a bismuth-indium-tin-zinc alloy.
6. The material-extruded 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix material in the inorganic non-metallic resin-based paste or the metallic powder resin-based paste is one or more of a photo-curable resin and a thermosetting resin.
7. The material-extruded 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of extruding the printing paste in the supporting material in the container by the 3D printer based on a preset target design model comprises:
filling at least one printing material in at least one material cylinder of a 3D printer, and extruding and printing slurry in a supporting material in a container through at least one nozzle of the 3D printer in a three-axis direct-writing printing mode, a five-axis extrusion printing mode or a six-axis extrusion printing mode based on a preset target design model.
8. The material-extrusion 3D printing method of claim 7, wherein the nozzle comprises an I-shape or an L-shape, and a head shape of the nozzle comprises a circle, an ellipse, a rugby ball shape, a v-shape, an L-shape, or a square.
9. The material-extrusion 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein the target curing process comprises one or more of a combination of a photo-curing process, a radiation curing process, a thermal curing process, an ionic crosslinking curing process, an enzymatic crosslinking curing process, a covalent crosslinking curing process, a freeze-drying curing process, a heat-drying curing process, and an air-drying curing process;
the step of curing the printing paste according to the target curing treatment mode to obtain a target model comprises the following steps:
in the process of extruding the printing paste, carrying out photocuring treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, thermocuring treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment and/or covalent crosslinking curing treatment synchronously to obtain a target model;
or after all printing slurry corresponding to the preset target design model is extruded, carrying out light curing treatment, radioactive ray curing treatment, heat curing treatment, ionic crosslinking curing treatment, enzyme crosslinking curing treatment, covalent crosslinking curing treatment, freeze drying curing treatment, heating drying curing treatment and/or air drying curing treatment to obtain the target model.
10. The material-extrusion 3D printing method of claim 1, wherein the extrusion movement path of the extrusion printing paste comprises a planar cut-layer path or a three-dimensional curved path.
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Application publication date: 20220715 |