CN110899705B

CN110899705B - 3D printing device for preparing aluminum matrix composite

Info

Publication number: CN110899705B
Application number: CN201911261102.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许国敬; 于汉臣; 闫久春
Original assignee: Harbin Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Harbin Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2019-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2022-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-10
Also published as: CN110899705A

Abstract

A3D printing device and a printing method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite relate to a 3D printing device and a printing method. The invention aims to solve the problem of high 3D printing cost; the aluminum alloy has high light reflection performance, so that the difficulty of the laser 3D printing technology is increased; and the problem of uneven distribution of the reinforced particles when the laser selective area is printed layer by layer. Ceramic particles and liquid aluminum alloy melt are used as rapid forming materials and are respectively stored in two storage tanks, the flow rate of powder is controlled by regulating and controlling the rotating speed of a screw rod, the feeding and stopping of the aluminum alloy melt and the feeding amount are controlled by regulating the gas pressure, the ceramic particles and the liquid aluminum alloy melt are conveyed to a position to be printed through a conveying pipe and an ultrasonic sonotrode nozzle, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is soaked into gaps of the ceramic particles under the ultrasonic action, and then is soaked out to be in contact with the surface to be printed and form connection. The method is used for preparing the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.

Description

A3D printing device for preparing aluminium base composite

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation technology of a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, in particular to a 3D printing device for preparing the aluminum matrix composite, which is used for preparing the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. Belong to 3D and print technical field.

Background

The ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent performances such as high specific stiffness, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity and the like is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, electronics and the like. At present, the conventional and mature preparation methods of the aluminum-based composite material mainly comprise a powder metallurgy method, a pressure casting method, a stirring casting method, a non-pressure infiltration method and a spray deposition method. Parts prepared from the aluminum-based composite material are processed by milling, turning and the like on the aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by the method, the processing cutter is seriously abraded, the processing period is long, and the application of a complex structural part is seriously limited by high cost and low production efficiency.

The 3D printing technology is also called additive manufacturing technology, and is a technology for constructing a part by printing layer by layer, which is mainly classified into three-dimensional stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, 3D inkjet printing, selective laser sintering, and layered solid manufacturing.

The 3D printing technology is already applied to the preparation of the aluminum matrix composite, and one method is to firstly prepare a porous prefabricated part of a part by utilizing the 3D printing technology, then impregnate a metal matrix, and finish the part manufacturing by solidification and forming; the other method is that a prefabricated body of a two-phase or multi-phase material is prepared by using a 3D printing technology, and then a part is manufactured by high-temperature sintering; and thirdly, preparing mixed powder of ceramic and aluminum, layering, sintering by adopting a selective laser melting and material increasing technology, and manufacturing the part.

Utility model patent CN201721236057.7 discloses cold printing device of supplementary 3D of metal glass combined material supersound, this patent promotes the mixture of powder and cold printing into the preform under the ultrasonic action with metal glass granule and ceramic magnetic particle after mixing, obtains the combined material part through the high temperature sintering degrease at last.

Chinese patent CN 201910526195.6 discloses a method for preparing metal matrix composite blanks based on 3D printing technology, in which metal powder and reinforcing particles are distributed in a laminated manner, and each layer is subjected to laser scanning treatment to prepare blanks of aluminum matrix composite materials with different reinforcing particle distributions.

The Chinese invention patent CN201510606543.2 provides a laser rapid forming method for aluminum, aluminum alloy and aluminum-based composite materials, and the invention utilizes the high absorptivity of the aluminum, the aluminum alloy and the aluminum-based composite materials to laser with the wavelength of 700nm-900nm to carry out laser sintering on powdery, filamentous or strip-shaped raw materials.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a hollow silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material by 3D printing, which comprises the steps of mixing hollow silicon carbide powder and aluminum powder to prepare mixed powder, and sintering layer by using a laser heat source to prepare the composite material.

The Chinese patent CN 201811082116.9 provides an aluminum alloy composite material for 3D printing, a 3D printing product and a preparation method thereof, the patent introduces TiB2 and Si in 7 series aluminum alloy, the laser absorptivity is obviously improved, and the aluminum alloy composite material and the product are prepared by adopting a laser 3D printing technology.

In summary, the current 3D printing technology has the following disadvantages:

(1) the requirement for raw materials is too high, and most of the raw materials adopted by the technology are metal powder or metal wires or metal strips, so that the 3D printing cost is increased.

(2) The aluminum alloy has high light reflection performance, and the difficulty of the laser 3D printing technology is increased.

(3) When the laser selective area is printed layer by layer, the distribution of the enhanced particles is not uniform.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing 3D printing technology has high requirements on raw materials (1), most of the raw materials adopted by the technology are metal powder or metal wires or metal bands, and the 3D printing cost is increased; (2) the aluminum alloy has high light reflection performance, and the difficulty of a laser 3D printing technology is increased; (3) when the laser is selected to print layer by layer, the distribution of the reinforced particles is not uniform. And further provides a 3D printing device for preparing the aluminum matrix composite.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a 3D printing device for preparing aluminium base composite, its theory of operation is: powder particles and liquid aluminum alloy melt are adopted as rapid forming materials and are respectively stored in two storage tanks, the flow of powder is controlled by regulating and controlling the rotating speed of a screw rod, the gas pressure is regulated to control the feeding and stopping of the aluminum alloy melt and the feeding amount, the powder particles and the liquid aluminum alloy melt are conveyed to a position to be printed through a conveying pipe and an ultrasonic sonotrode nozzle, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is soaked into gaps of the powder particles under the ultrasonic action, and then the liquid aluminum alloy melt is soaked and contacted with the surface to be printed to form connection.

Furthermore, the device comprises a three-dimensional moving module, a work control cabinet, a three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module and a storage conveying module; the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an amplitude transformer, an ultrasonic tool head, a printing nozzle, a second temperature sensor, a second heating module and a substrate; the ultrasonic printing device comprises a three-dimensional moving module, an X-axis moving system, an X-axis support, an X-axis moving system, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic tool head, a heating module, a temperature sensor, a heating module and a heating module, wherein the Z-axis support and the X-axis moving system of the three-dimensional moving module are arranged up and down; the powder particles and the liquid aluminum alloy melt are used as molding materials and are respectively stored in a powder storage tank and a liquid metal storage tank in a storage conveying module arranged on the Z-axis support, a powder conveying system and a liquid metal conveying system in the storage conveying module are connected with the circular groove, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is soaked into powder particle gaps under the ultrasonic action, then seeps out to be in contact with the surface to be printed and form connection, and the industrial control cabinet controls the printing action of the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module, the storage conveying module and the three-dimensional moving module.

Preferably, the circular slot of the print nozzle is a circular arc over angle.

Preferably, the material of the ultrasonic tool head is molybdenum alloy or pure niobium or titanium alloy or tungsten alloy.

Furthermore, the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module further comprises a third temperature sensor and a third heating module, wherein the third temperature sensor is installed in the substrate, and the third temperature sensor is installed at the upper part of the substrate.

Further, the storage and conveying module comprises a powder storage tank, a liquid metal storage tank, a powder conveying system and a liquid metal conveying system; the powder storage tank is internally provided with powder particles, the liquid metal storage tank is internally provided with aluminum alloy liquid, the powder storage tank and the liquid metal storage tank are respectively arranged on the powder storage tank and the liquid metal storage tank which are respectively arranged on Z-axis supports at the left side and the right side of the ultrasonic tool head, and the output ends of the powder storage tank and the liquid metal storage tank are connected with the circular groove through a powder conveying system and a liquid metal conveying system.

Preferably, the powder particles in the powder storage tank are ceramic particles or graphene particles or diamond particles.

Preferably, the aluminum alloy liquid in the liquid metal storage tank is Al alloy, Mg alloy, Zn alloy or Sn alloy.

Further, the powder conveying system comprises a motor, a screw rod, a second electromagnetic valve and a powder conveying pipe; the upper end at the powder storage tank is installed to the motor, and the output shaft of motor passes the upper cover of powder storage tank and is connected with the hob that is located the powder storage tank, and the second solenoid valve is installed and is connected at the discharge gate end of powder storage tank and with the one end of powder conveyer pipe, and the other end of powder conveyer pipe links to each other with the circular slot.

Preferably, the rotary extrusion end of the lower portion of the screw shaft is tapered.

Preferably, the other end of the powder delivery tube is inclined at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical into the circular slot of the print nozzle.

Further, the liquid metal conveying system comprises a first electromagnetic valve, a flow regulator, an argon bottle, a liquid metal conveying pipe, a liquid metal discharging valve, a first temperature sensor, a first heating module and a heat insulation tile; the first temperature sensor is arranged at the lower part of the liquid metal storage tank, the first heating module is sleeved on the liquid metal storage tank, and the heat insulation tile is wrapped on the first heating module and the second heating module; the argon bottle is connected with the upper cover of the liquid metal storage tank through a pipeline and is filled with argon, and the first electromagnetic valve and the flow regulator are arranged on the pipeline; the liquid metal discharge valve is installed at the discharge gate department of liquid metal storage tank, and the one end and the liquid metal discharge valve of liquid metal conveyer pipe are connected, and the other end circular slot of liquid metal conveyer pipe links to each other.

Preferably, the powder delivery tube and the liquid metal delivery tube are both stainless steel bellows.

Further, the three-dimensional moving module comprises a Z-axis synchronous motor, an XY-axis synchronous motor, a Z-axis bracket, a laser range finder and an XY-axis moving system; the Z-axis synchronous motor is installed on the Z-axis support and drives the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module and the material storage conveying module to move in the vertical direction, the XY-axis synchronous motor is connected with the XY-axis moving system and drives the substrate to move in the XY-axis direction, and the laser range finder is installed on the Z-axis support and moves simultaneously with the ultrasonic tool head.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:

1. the invention can quickly realize the wetting and combination of the powder particles and the metal liquid under the conditions of lower temperature (higher than the metal melting point by 30 ℃) and no pressure by means of the effect of ultrasonic cavitation, and simultaneously, the invention can realize the combination proportion regulation of the powder particles and the metal liquid by controlling the second electromagnetic valve of the powder conveying system, thereby being convenient for ensuring the quality of the printed aluminum-based composite material. In addition, the ultrasonic printing mode effectively solves the problem that the distribution of the reinforced particles is not uniform when the existing laser selective area layer-by-layer printing is adopted.

2. The invention integrally designs the ultrasonic action device and the printing device, and the ultrasonic wave directly acts on the area to be printed, thereby realizing the simultaneous completion of 3D printing forming and connection of the aluminum matrix composite material and improving the uniformity of the component distribution and the performance of the aluminum matrix composite material.

3. The aluminum alloy raw material of the invention has no limit on the types and sizes, can be used as a block or powder, and effectively reduces the material cost.

4. The invention applies ultrasonic wave action, can refine the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy matrix by means of ultrasonic wave, and the powder particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix composite material, thereby improving the mechanical property of the blank piece and further improving the printing quality of the blank piece.

5. The method can be used for printing the aluminum-based composite material with the reinforced particle volume fraction of 20-70%, can realize the printing of the gradient aluminum-based composite material with different area volume fractions, and has wide application range.

6. The printing method can realize that the base aluminum alloy raw material is printed without being limited by the size, and the adjustable printing of the aluminum matrix composite material with different reinforcing phase contents and different reinforcing phase contents in different areas of the aluminum matrix composite material is realized by adjusting the flow of the powder particles and the flow of the aluminum alloy melt. Thereby reducing the difficulty in the printing process.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of ultrasonic assisted printing.

Corresponding part names indicated by reference numerals in the drawings: 1. a work control cabinet; 2. a three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module; 21. an ultrasonic transducer; 22. an amplitude transformer; 23. a cooling water outlet; 24. a cooling water inlet; 25. an ultrasonic tool head; 26. a printing nozzle; 27. a second temperature sensor; 28. a Z-axis support; 3. a material storage and conveying module; 31. a powder storage tank; 32. powder particles; 33. a powder feeding motor; 34. rotating the screw; 35. a second solenoid valve; 36. a powder delivery pipe; 41. a liquid metal storage tank; 42. aluminum alloy liquid; 43. a first solenoid valve; 44. a flow regulator; 45. an argon bottle; 46. a liquid metal delivery pipe; 47. a liquid metal discharge valve; 48. a first temperature sensor; 51. a Z-axis synchronous motor; 52. a laser range finder; 53. an XY-axis synchronous motor; 54. a substrate; 55. a third temperature sensor; 56. an XY-axis moving system; 61. a first heating module; 62. a second heating module; 63. a third heating module; 64. heat insulation tiles; 71. an aluminum matrix composite.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 2, and a 3D printing apparatus for preparing an aluminum matrix composite material of the present embodiment includes: industry accuse cabinet 1, supplementary print module 2 of supersound, storage module 3 and three-dimensional removal module, industry accuse cabinet 1 is including controlling total power, heating power, temperature, argon gas switch and three-dimensional removal.

The ultrasonic auxiliary printing module 2 comprises an ultrasonic transducer 21, a horn 22, a cooling water outlet 23, a cooling water inlet 24, an ultrasonic tool head 25, a printing nozzle 26, a second temperature sensor 27, a Z-axis bracket 28, a substrate 54, a third temperature sensor 55, a second heating module 62 and a third heating module 63. The three-dimensional moving module comprises a Z-axis synchronous motor 51, a laser range finder 52, an XY-axis synchronous motor 53, a support 28 and an XY-axis moving system 56. The ultrasonic transducer 21, the powder storage tank 31 and the liquid metal storage tank 41 are all fixed on a support 28, the Z-axis synchronous motor 51 drags the support 28 to drive the ultrasonic transducer 21 and the horn 22 to move up and down, the horn 22 is provided with a cooling water outlet 23 and a cooling water inlet 24 at a position close to the ultrasonic transducer 21, the cooling water outlet 23 and the cooling water inlet 24 are used for reducing the temperature on the horn 22, the horn 22 is tightly connected with an ultrasonic tool head 25, the lower end of the ultrasonic tool head is provided with a printing nozzle 26, the laser range finder 52 is fixed on the support 28 and moves with the ultrasonic tool head 25 at the same time, the ultrasonic tool head 25 is provided with a second temperature sensor 27 for measuring the heating temperature of the ultrasonic tool head 25 by the second heating module 62, and the tool control cabinet 1 regulates and controls the second heating module 62 according to the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 27, the base plate 54 is provided with a third heating module 63 and a third temperature sensor 55, the industrial control cabinet 1 regulates and controls the third heating module 63 according to the measured temperature of the third temperature sensor 55, the base plate 54 is fixed on an XY axis moving system, and the base plate is driven to move by an XY axis synchronous motor 53.

The storage and conveying module 3 comprises a powder storage tank 31, a powder feeding motor 33, a screw rod 34, a second electromagnetic valve 35, a powder conveying pipe 36, a metal storage tank 41, a first electromagnetic valve 43, a flow regulator 44, an argon gas cylinder 45, a liquid metal conveying pipe 46, a liquid metal discharging valve 47, a first temperature sensor 48, a first heating module 61 and a heat insulation tile 64. The powder storage tank 31 is provided with a powder feeding motor 33 on the upper cover, the powder feeding motor 33 rotationally extrudes the powder particles 32 through a screw rod 34, the extruded powder particles 32 reach the printing nozzle 26 through a second electromagnetic valve 35 and a powder conveying pipe 36, and the rotational speed of the powder feeding motor 33 determines the flow rate of the powder. The metal storage tank 41 is placed in the first heating module 61 and fixed on the support 28, the periphery of the heating module 61 is covered by the heat insulation tiles 64 to play a role in heat preservation, the upper cover of the metal storage tank 41 is connected with the argon gas cylinder 45, the first electromagnetic valve 43 and the flow regulator 44 are arranged in the middle, and the liquid aluminum alloy 42 in the metal storage tank 41 is forced to enter the printing nozzle 26 through the liquid metal conveying pipe 46 by the gas of the argon gas cylinder 45 and is impregnated into the powder by means of certain pressure and flow rate.

The schematic diagram of the printing process of the printing nozzle 26 is shown in fig. 2, the moving direction of the substrate 54 is from left to right, the powder particles 32 are obliquely input into the region 261 through the powder conveying pipe 36, a layer of powder is laid on the region 261, the height of the powder layer is smaller than the distance from the printing nozzle to the printing surface, the metal liquid 42 conveyed through the metal liquid conveying pipe 46 flows down vertically to the substrate 53, the metal liquid is infiltrated into the powder under the action of a certain pressure to form an aluminum-based mixture, the diameter range of the liquid metal outflow pipe at the printing nozzle is 20 μm-1000 μm, the circular groove in the printing nozzle is transited from a circular chamfer 262 to a plane 263, the radius of the circular chamfer 262 is larger than the depth of the circular groove, the depth of the circular groove is generally 50-400 μm, the radius of the circular chamfer 262 is 50-600 μm, and the metal liquid in the circular groove is squeezed along with the reduction of the printing gap along with the movement of the platform, the round chamfer 262 can make the transition of the extrusion process smoother, meanwhile, because the ultrasonic action distance is limited, the printing distance is generally 100-.

The second embodiment is as follows: the round groove of the printing nozzle 26 of the embodiment is a spherical pit, the diameter of the spherical pit is 1/4-1/2 of the diameter of the ultrasonic tool head, the sphere center of the spherical pit is positioned below the plane of the printing nozzle 26, the distance is about 100-400 mu m, the distance is an ultrasonic wave gathering point, high sound energy can be obtained at the point, and therefore higher-density cavitation bubble distribution is obtained, and rapid breaking of an oxide film and wetting and bonding of ceramic particles and metal liquid are facilitated. Other components and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described by combining fig. 1 and fig. 2, and provides an ultrasonic-assisted 3D printing method for an aluminum matrix composite, wherein the temperature which is 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of a metal material to be printed is selected as the printing temperature, the preheating temperature of a substrate is 50-200 ℃ lower than the melting point of the metal material, and the printing speed is 5-20 cm/min. The printing of the base aluminum alloy raw material without size limitation can be realized, and the adjustable printing of the aluminum matrix composite material with different reinforcing phase contents and different reinforcing phase contents in different areas of the aluminum matrix composite material can be realized by adjusting the flow of the ceramic powder and the flow of the aluminum alloy melt.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the above-described embodiments and the description only to represent the principle of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. Improvements and modifications within the scope of the invention should be understood as falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a 3D printing device for preparing aluminium base composite, it includes three-dimensional mobile module, its characterized in that: the ultrasonic printing system also comprises a work control cabinet (1), a three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) and a storage conveying module (3);

the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) comprises an ultrasonic transducer (21), an amplitude transformer (22), an ultrasonic tool head (25), a printing nozzle (26), a second temperature sensor (27), a second heating module (62) and a substrate (54); a Z-axis support (28) and an XY-axis moving system (56) of the three-dimensional moving module are arranged up and down, an ultrasonic transducer (21) is installed on the Z-axis support (28), the lower end of the ultrasonic transducer (21) is connected with an amplitude transformer (22), the amplitude transformer (22) is provided with a cooling water inlet (24) and a cooling water outlet (23) from bottom to top, the lower end of the amplitude transformer (22) is connected with an ultrasonic tool head (25), the ultrasonic tool head (25) acts on ultrasonic to a printing nozzle (26) positioned at the lower end of the ultrasonic tool head (25), the lower part of the ultrasonic tool head (25) is provided with a second temperature sensor (27), and a second heating module (62) is sleeved on the ultrasonic tool head (25), a circular groove with the diameter of 0.2mm is arranged in the printing nozzle (26), and a heatable substrate (54) arranged on an XY-axis moving system (56) is arranged right below the printing nozzle (26); the powder particles (32) and the liquid aluminum alloy melt are used as molding materials and are respectively stored in a powder storage tank (31) and a liquid metal storage tank (41) in a storage conveying module (3) arranged on a Z-axis support (28), a powder conveying system and a liquid metal conveying system in the storage conveying module (3) are connected with the circular groove, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is soaked into gaps of the powder particles (32) under the ultrasonic action and then is soaked out to be in contact with the surface to be printed and form connection, and the industrial control cabinet (1) controls the printing actions of the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2), the storage conveying module (3) and the three-dimensional moving module;

the liquid metal conveying system comprises a first electromagnetic valve (43), a flow regulator (44), an argon bottle (45), a liquid metal conveying pipe (46), a liquid metal discharging valve (47), a first temperature sensor (48), a first heating module (61) and a heat insulation tile (64); the first temperature sensor (48) is arranged at the lower part of the liquid metal storage tank (41), the first heating module (61) is sleeved on the liquid metal storage tank (41), and the heat insulation tile (64) is wrapped on the first heating module (61) and the second heating module (62); the argon bottle (45) is connected with the upper cover of the liquid metal storage tank (41) through a pipeline and is filled with argon, and the first electromagnetic valve (43) and the flow regulator (44) are arranged on the pipeline; the liquid metal discharge valve (47) is arranged at the discharge outlet of the liquid metal storage tank (41), one end of the liquid metal conveying pipe (46) is connected with the liquid metal discharge valve (47), and the other end of the liquid metal conveying pipe (46) is connected with the circular groove.

2. The 3D printing device for preparing aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the circular groove of the printing nozzle (26) is a circular arc over-angle.

3. 3D printing device for the preparation of aluminium matrix composites according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the material of the ultrasonic tool head (25) is molybdenum alloy or pure niobium or titanium alloy or tungsten alloy.

4. 3D printing device for the preparation of aluminium matrix composites according to claim 3, characterized in that: the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) further comprises a third temperature sensor (55) and a third heating module (63), wherein the third heating module (63) is installed in the base plate (54), and the third temperature sensor (55) is installed on the upper portion of the base plate (54).

5. The 3D printing device for the preparation of aluminium matrix composite material according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the storage and conveying module (3) comprises a powder storage tank (31), a liquid metal storage tank (41), a powder conveying system and a liquid metal conveying system; the ultrasonic tool head is characterized in that powder particles (32) are arranged in the powder storage tank (31), aluminum alloy liquid (42) is arranged in the liquid metal storage tank (41), the powder storage tank (31) and the liquid metal storage tank (41) are respectively arranged on Z-axis supports (28) on the left side and the right side of the ultrasonic tool head (25), and the output ends of the powder storage tank (31) and the liquid metal storage tank (41) are connected with a circular groove through a powder conveying system and a liquid metal conveying system.

6. The 3D printing device for preparing aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 5, wherein: the powder particles (32) in the powder storage tank (31) are ceramic particles or graphene particles or diamond particles.

7. The 3D printing device for preparing aluminum matrix composites as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the powder conveying system comprises a motor (33), a screw rod (34), a second electromagnetic valve (35) and a powder conveying pipe (36); the upper end at powder storage tank (31) is installed in motor (33), and the output shaft of motor (33) passes the upper cover of powder storage tank (31) and is connected with hob (34) that are located powder storage tank (31), and second solenoid valve (35) are installed at the discharge gate end of powder storage tank (31) and are connected with the one end of powder conveyer pipe (36), and the other end and the circular slot of powder conveyer pipe (36) link to each other.

8. The 3D printing device for preparing aluminium matrix composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that: the rotary extrusion end of the lower part of the screw rod (34) is conical.

9. The 3D printing device for preparing aluminium matrix composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that: the other end of the powder conveying pipe (36) is inclined into the circular groove of the printing nozzle (26) at an angle of 30 degrees with the vertical direction.

10. The 3D printing device for preparing aluminium matrix composite material according to claim 9, characterized in that: the powder delivery tube (36) and the liquid metal delivery tube (46) are both stainless steel corrugated tubes.

11. 3D printing device for the preparation of aluminium matrix composites according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that: the three-dimensional moving module comprises a Z-axis synchronous motor (51), an XY-axis synchronous motor (53), a Z-axis bracket (28), a laser range finder (52) and an XY-axis moving system (56); the Z-axis synchronous motor (51) is installed on the Z-axis support (28) and drives the three-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary printing module (2) and the storage conveying module (3) to move in the vertical direction, the XY-axis synchronous motor (53) is connected with the XY-axis moving system (56) and drives the substrate (54) to move in the XY-axis direction, and the laser range finder (52) is installed on the Z-axis support (28) and moves simultaneously with the ultrasonic tool head (25).