CN103752825A - Device and method for utilizing molten metal deposition to form thin wall structural member - Google Patents
Device and method for utilizing molten metal deposition to form thin wall structural member Download PDFInfo
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- CN103752825A CN103752825A CN201310751473.0A CN201310751473A CN103752825A CN 103752825 A CN103752825 A CN 103752825A CN 201310751473 A CN201310751473 A CN 201310751473A CN 103752825 A CN103752825 A CN 103752825A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for utilizing molten metal deposition to form a thin wall structural member. The device comprises a metal wire and a wire feeding roller, a nozzle conducts x-y planar motion according to the section outline information of the thin wall structural member, meanwhile extrudes molten metal and controls the molten metal flow to enable the molten metal to be evenly deposited on a substrate, and the molten metal is quickly cooled to form the section outline of a thin wall part. After one layer is formed, the substrate descends for the height of a section layer to conduct deposition of the next layer, and the process is circulated to finally obtain a product prototype of the metal thin wall structural member. The device and method has the advantages of being high in machining flexibility, stable in product quality, small in heat affected zone, small in workpiece heat deformation and small in follow-up machining quantity, effectively improves manufacturing efficiency and performance of the thin wall structural member, greatly reduces manufacture cost and improves the batch production probability through the molten metal deposition method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal thin-wall structural member Quick-forming field, particularly utilize metal melting deposition process (FDM) to manufacture the apparatus and method of thin-wall construction part.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique is a new and high technology of rising in the later stage eighties 20th century, the technology of CAD/CAM, numerical control and material science aspect that it is integrated.Its basic thought is: utilize delamination software, the three-dimensional entity model that CAD is set up is cut into series of thin cross-sectional layers, the 2-D data that formation system forms according to each cross-sectional layers, adopt the means such as bonding (clinkering), polymerization or chemical reaction, solidified liquid (or bonding solid) material selectively successively, thus rapid accumulation goes out physical model.Comparatively ripe quick shaping process has at present: photocuring three-dimensional contouring (SL), laminated solid mass manufacture (LOM), selective laser sintering (SLS), fusion sediment moulding (FDM).Wherein FDM is a kind of quick, safe, cheap quick shaping process, and it has easy operation, nonpoisonous and tasteless advantage.Because this technique has above-mentioned remarkable advantage, develop very rapid.FDM system accounts for 30% in the mounted rapid prototyping system in the whole world at present.
So far, thin-walled parts majority is the vital part of product.In Aerospace Products, General Requirements physical dimension is large, lightweight, precision is high, so thin-walled parts is also more some more.Such as, wing just belongs to typical thin-walled parts, at present domestic have the higher thin-walled parts of a lot of required precisions mostly to adopt traditional car, milling, plane, mill to complete, abroad have and adopt UVC and High-speed Machining Technology etc. to manufacture the situation of processing, but these methods very easily produce distortion in the mill, be difficult to meet required precision, have a strong impact on product quality, thereby quick, the high accuracy processing of thin-walled parts are still a great problem in machine-building.In addition, in the design and manufacture of wing, for weight reduction, foamed plastics or different types of honeycomb is more common as the phenomenon of sandwich structure core application, but such structure has also increased operation and the time of processing.
The current material therefor of fusion sediment method is mainly wire rod or the powder material of paraffin, plastics, pottery etc.Aspect fuse wire, main material is ABS, artificial rubber, casting wax and poly-extremely hot thermoplastic plastic.The product that California, USA university obtains with metallic aluminium fusion sediment improves 30% than fine aluminium piece tensile strength, and hardness improves 100%, and product micro-structural obtains remarkable refinement.But at present, utilize fused deposition method (FDM) to manufacture thin-wall construction part, the metal wire material of particularly take did not also appear in the newspapers and led as raw-material method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device and method that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme.
A kind of device that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, the device of this shaping thin-wall construction part comprises substrate and metal melting deposition module, described metal melting deposition module comprises support, be arranged at screwed pipe on support, be arranged at the heat block on screwed pipe and be arranged at the heating tube in heat block, the port of export of screwed pipe is provided with the nozzle relative with substrate, and the arrival end of screwed pipe is provided with wire feeder.
The surfacing of described substrate, the sustainable heating of substrate.
Described metal melting deposition module is arranged at the top of substrate, and metal melting deposition module can move horizontally, substrate liftable.
Described substrate and metal melting deposition module are arranged in the protective cover that is filled with protective gas, and the cross section profile of thin-wall construction part completes shaping in being filled with the environment of protective gas.
The device of described shaping thin-wall construction part also comprises for forming the front heating device of homogeneous temperature field between the exit at nozzle and substrate.
The above-mentioned method of utilizing the device shaping thin-wall construction part of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, comprises the following steps:
1) utilize heating tube to make heat block be warming up to the temperature of setting;
2) after step 1), take metal wire material as moulding material, utilize wire feeder that metal wire material is carried to nozzle from the entrance of screwed pipe, metal wire material is subject to the role transformation of heat block temperature to become molten metal in the process of carrying; Simultaneously, make described metal melting deposition module do plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-wall construction part, in plane motion process, make molten metal flow out and be deposited on substrate from nozzle, be deposited on one deck cross section profile of the cooling rear formation thin-wall construction part of molten metal on substrate;
3) make the height of substrate decline one deck cross section profile, then utilize the molten metal flowing out in nozzle to carry out the deposition of next layer cross section profile, next layer cross section profile is formed on the cross section profile on substrate;
4) repeating step 3) until obtain complete thin-wall construction part.
Before deposition ground floor cross section profile, the temperature of substrate is adjusted to and approaches as far as possible but be less than the fusing point of plated metal, before obtaining complete thin-wall construction part, keep the temperature of substrate.
By nozzle and wire feed rate, control the flow of molten metal.
The diameter of described metal wire material at grade to micron order.
Described molten metal flows out in the process being deposited on substrate or cross section profile from nozzle, and molten metal is solidified gradually by molten condition under extraneous homogeneous temperature field effect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The present invention adopts screwed pipe, nozzle and heat block and heating tube to realize motlten metal silk material output shaping metal liquid, not only rational in infrastructure, cost is low, easily safeguard, and can solve the restive problem of metallic material state, make metal wire material change smoothly liquid metal into and be deposited on substrate, and coordinate acquisition by the stacked complete thin-wall construction part forming of plane SH wave structure by the lifting of substrate.
The present invention is delivered to metal wire material nozzle and is heated to molten state by wire feeder, nozzle is done x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-wall construction part, control molten metal fluid flow simultaneously, make the metal liquid of thickness be deposited on equably on substrate, quick cooling rear formation thin-walled parts cross section profile, after one formable layer completes, the decline height of a cross-sectional layers of substrate, carry out again the deposition of lower one deck, so circulation, finally obtain the product prototype of metal thin-wall structural member, owing to having adopted the principle of fusion sediment, and used metal as moulding material, therefore, there is process flexibility high, constant product quality, heat affected area is little, workpiece thermal deformation is little, the advantage that following process amount is little, manufacture efficiency and the performance of thin-wall construction part have effectively been improved, and greatly reduce manufacturing cost, improved the possibility that fused deposition method is produced in batches.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention utilizes metal melting deposition process shaping thin-wall construction part;
Fig. 2 is the Electronic Speculum structure chart that same cladding layer multiplication factor is different; (a) for amplifying 40 times; (b) for amplifying 120 times;
In figure: 1, substrate; 2, front heating device; 3, nozzle; 4, heat block; 5, heating tube; 6, support; 7, screwed pipe; 8, metal wire material; 9, wire feeder.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, the device of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part that utilizes of the present invention comprises substrate 1 and metal melting deposition module, the surfacing of described substrate 1, the sustainable heating of substrate 1, described metal melting deposition module is arranged at the top of substrate 1, metal melting deposition module can move horizontally, substrate 1 liftable; Described metal melting deposition module comprises support 6, be arranged at screwed pipe 7 on support 6, be arranged at the heat block 4 on screwed pipe 7 and be arranged at the heating tube 5 in heat block 4, the port of export of screwed pipe 7 is provided with the nozzle 3 relative with substrate 1, and the arrival end of screwed pipe 7 is provided with wire feeder 9; The device of described shaping thin-wall construction part also comprises for forming the front heating device 2 of homogeneous temperature field between the exit at nozzle 3 and substrate 1.
Described substrate 1 and metal melting deposition module can be arranged in the protective cover that is filled with protective gas, and the cross section profile of thin-wall construction part completes shaping in being filled with the environment of protective gas.
Device based on above-mentioned shaping thin-wall construction part, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, its Forming Theory is: metal wire material is delivered to nozzle by wire feed running roller (wire feeder) by screwed pipe, and heat block (being specially heating aluminium block) inside is provided with heating tube.Different according to metal wire material fusing point, can, by regulating different temperature, while making metal wire material deliver to nozzle, be heated to molten state.Nozzle is done x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-wall construction part, push simultaneously and control the flow of motlten metal, the metal liquid of thickness is deposited on the substrate through preheating equably, the cross section profile of quick cooling rear formation layer of metal thin-wall construction part, after one formable layer completes, carry out again the deposition of lower one deck, so circulate, finally obtain the product prototype of metal thin-wall structural member.
The above-mentioned method of utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, comprises the following steps:
1) utilize heating tube 5 to make heat block 4 be warming up to the temperature of setting; 2) after step 1), take metal wire material 8 as moulding material, utilize wire feeder that metal wire material 8(common metal silk material diameter is less than to 2mm) from the entrance of screwed pipe 7, to nozzle 3, to carry, metal wire material 8 is subject to the role transformation of heat block temperature to become molten metal in the process of carrying; Simultaneously, make described metal melting deposition module do plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-wall construction part, nozzle is one of part of metal melting deposition module, the motion of metal melting deposition module, nozzle is also done corresponding motion, in plane motion process, make molten metal flow out and be deposited on substrate 1 from nozzle 3, be deposited on one deck cross section profile of the cooling rear formation thin-wall construction part of molten metal on substrate 1; 3) make the height of substrate 1 decline one deck cross section profile, then utilize the molten metal of nozzle 3 interior outflows to carry out the deposition of next layer cross section profile, next layer cross section profile is formed on the cross section profile on substrate 1; 4) repeating step 3) until obtain complete thin-wall construction part.
In the method, before deposition ground floor cross section profile, the temperature of substrate 1 is adjusted to and approaches as far as possible but be less than the fusing point of plated metal, the cross section profile that makes to be deposited on substrate approaches molten state, before obtaining complete thin-wall construction part, the temperature that keeps substrate 1, by the flow of nozzle 3 and wire feed rate control molten metal; Described molten metal flows out in the process being deposited on substrate or cross section profile from nozzle 3, and molten metal is solidified gradually by molten condition under extraneous homogeneous temperature field effect.
Be specifically introduced below: as shown in Figure 1, in thin-wall construction part forming process, take metal wire material 8 as moulding material, metal wire material 8 enters screwed pipe 7 until nozzle 3 by wire feed running roller, screwed pipe 7 is located by support 6, screwed pipe 7 outsides are heat blocks 4 that heating tube 5 is equipped with in inside, screwed pipe 7, nozzle 2, support 6, heating tube 5 and heat block 4 are fixed together, nozzle, heat block, support, screwed pipe and wire feed running roller etc. are all arranged on the top of substrate, can realize the mass motion in x-y direction, substrate 1 is fixed on the workbench that can move up and down, by separate control system guarantee each other (substrate move up and down and the motion of x-y direction between) do not interfere and the coordinated movement of various economic factors mutually.Different according to metal wire material fusing point, can to heat block, carry out different temperature by heating tube regulates, while making metal wire material deliver to nozzle segment, melted and formed melt liquid and extrude by nozzle, under the control of computer, nozzle is done x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-wall construction part, the melt liquid of extruding (molten drop) is deposited into the upper surface of substrate 1 with certain speed v, metal melting material is just optionally deposited on substrate 1 like this.Cooling rear (it is very fast that metal itself solidifies) forms one deck thin-wall construction part (for example wing) cross section profile (cross-sectional layers) fast, substrate 1 is fixed on the workbench that can move up and down, according to the control of computer, after one formable layer completes, the decline height of a cross-sectional layers of substrate, carry out again the deposition of lower one deck, so circulate, finally obtain the product prototype of thin-wall construction part.Adopt the method greatly to improve the forming property of thin-wall construction part.
For avoiding that burning occurs in forming process, whole shaping should be carried out in the protective cover that the protective gas such as argon gas or nitrogen are housed.
The parameters such as thickness of every one deck deposition can arrange by its parameter of computer control, according to part, require regulate and optimize.
Substrate is carried out to preheating, can guarantee the amalgamation of metal drop and substrate, the temperature after basal plate preheating approaches and lower than the fusing point of metal wire material as far as possible.In forming process, substrate keeps the temperature of preheating always.
The present invention be take solder stick (metal wire material) and has been carried out preliminary test as research object, when being heated to drip to respectively the substrate of not heating after solder stick fusing point makes it to form molten drop above and be heated to below fusing point, on 5 ℃ of left and right substrates, contrast, cut respectively sample and carry out Metallographic Analysis (perpendicular to shaping track length direction).After sand papering, with ferric trichloride aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, corrode, then utilize Electronic Speculum to sprawl state to it and interior tissue compares, as shown in Figure 2.By test, obtain visualization result, when base plate heating deposits when approaching metal wire material fusing point, now molten drop and substrate are best in conjunction with effect, can melt well together, and while not carrying out molten drop deposition through the substrate of preheating, molten drop solidifies very soon, can not well merge with substrate, easily causes the final thin-wall construction part distortion being shaped.
At jet expansion, near workpiece place, front heating device is installed, front heating device provides uniform temperature field.
In addition, through test, the present invention also show that droplet size is less, and the precision that forms product is higher.Meanwhile, the roughness of substrate is larger, is more unfavorable for sprawling of molten drop, also makes molten drop and substrate well not merge.
The parameters such as temperature of the diameter of metal wire material, nozzle diameter and deposition velocity, substrate can require regulate and optimize according to part.
Metal wire material is moulding material, and for guaranteeing forming accuracy, its diameter is generally less than 2mm and even arrives micron order.
The present invention uses the heat block 4 with heating tube 5 to replace laser instrument, keep molten metal material just on fusing point, the motion of nozzle is controlled by CAD individual-layer data, when it moves along x-y direction, the metal wire material of molten state squeezes out from nozzle, solidifies the thin layer that forms contour shape, and every layer thickness scope is at 0.025-0.762mm, one stacked one deck, finally forms the model of thin-wall construction part.Another innovative point of the present invention is to adopt metal wire material.Its maximum advantage is the stability of size, be not only easily shaped, and forming accuracy is high, and tanning by the sun of time and environment can not change the be shaped size of rear workpiece or other feature.After reaching indoor temperature, size is changeless.Except These characteristics, by adding after front heating device, the thin-wall construction part being shaped has been obtained unexpected improvement effect in performance: make melt liquid after mass flowing nozzle, slow down process of setting on the one hand, make on the other hand the structural member being shaped in comparatively uniform temperature field, motlten metal gradually cooled and solidified completes deposition, reduces formation of parts internal stress, strengthens the fusion of part layer and interlayer, avoid the final thin-wall construction part inside being shaped to have hole, thereby avoid cracking.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) need not be used expensive laser instrument, and safeguards that simply cost is low.(2) metal wire material is changed easily in forming process.Adopt metal wire material direct forming, after processing, just wire can be taken away.Can not cause waste of material.(3) shaping speed is very fast, by test, has the model of some design feature, and oneself can reach 60cm by warp the highest shaping speed
3/ h, by software optimization and technological progress, expectation can reach 200cm
3/ h's is high-speed.
The present invention is not only a kind of new method that thin-wall construction part is manufactured, and is the innovation of fused deposition method (FDM) aspect material.By the method, process, flexibility is high, constant product quality, and heat affected area is little, and workpiece thermal deformation is little, and following process amount is little, has effectively improved thin-wall construction part performance, and has greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
Claims (10)
1. a device that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, it is characterized in that: the device of this shaping thin-wall construction part comprises substrate (1) and metal melting deposition module, described metal melting deposition module comprises support (6), be arranged at screwed pipe (7) on support (6), be arranged at the heat block (4) on screwed pipe (7) and be arranged at the heating tube (5) in heat block (4), the port of export of screwed pipe (7) is provided with the nozzle (3) relative with substrate (1), and the arrival end of screwed pipe (7) is provided with wire feeder (9).
2. a kind of device that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the surfacing of described substrate (1), the sustainable heating of substrate (1).
3. a kind of device that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described metal melting deposition module is arranged at the top of substrate (1), and metal melting deposition module can move horizontally, substrate (1) liftable.
4. a kind of device that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described substrate (1) and metal melting deposition module are arranged in the protective cover that is filled with protective gas, and the cross section profile of thin-wall construction part completes shaping in being filled with the environment of protective gas.
5. a kind of device that utilizes metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the device of described shaping thin-wall construction part also comprises for forming the front heating device (2) of homogeneous temperature field between the exit at nozzle (3) and substrate (1).
6. a method of utilizing as claimed in claim 1 the device shaping thin-wall construction part of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) utilize heating tube (5) to make heat block (4) be warming up to the temperature of setting;
2) after step 1), the metal wire material (8) of take is moulding material, utilize wire feeder (9) that metal wire material (8) is carried to nozzle (3) from the entrance of screwed pipe (7), metal wire material (8) is subject to the role transformation of heat block temperature to become molten metal in the process of carrying; Simultaneously, make described metal melting deposition module do plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-wall construction part, in plane motion process, make molten metal flow out and be deposited on substrate (1) from nozzle (3), be deposited on one deck cross section profile of the cooling rear formation thin-wall construction part of molten metal on substrate (1);
3) make the height of substrate (1) decline one deck cross section profile, then utilize the molten metal flowing out in nozzle (3) to carry out the deposition of next layer cross section profile, next layer cross section profile is formed on the cross section profile on substrate (1);
4) repeating step 3) until obtain complete thin-wall construction part.
7. utilize according to claim 6 the method for the device shaping thin-wall construction part of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, it is characterized in that: before deposition ground floor cross section profile, the temperature of substrate (1) is adjusted to and approaches as far as possible but be less than the fusing point of plated metal, before obtaining complete thin-wall construction part, keep the temperature of substrate (1).
8. the method for utilizing according to claim 6 the device shaping thin-wall construction part of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, is characterized in that: the flow of controlling molten metal by nozzle (3) and wire feed rate.
9. the method for utilizing according to claim 6 the device shaping thin-wall construction part of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, is characterized in that: the diameter of described metal wire material (8) at grade to micron order.
10. utilize according to claim 6 the method for the device shaping thin-wall construction part of metal melting deposition formation thin-wall construction part, it is characterized in that: described molten metal flows out in the process being deposited on substrate or cross section profile from nozzle (3), molten metal is solidified gradually by molten condition under extraneous homogeneous temperature field effect.
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| CN109108295A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-01 | 鄂州职业大学 | A kind of selectivity infiltration prepares the method and apparatus device of superhard shield cutter hub |
| CN109692954A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-30 | 浙江大学台州研究院 | The device and method of thermoplasticity 3D printing metal component |
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